PASTEURIZED HUMOBAVTER-A COMPOST AND SPRAYS OF LIQUID FERTILIZER TO SUPPRESS RHIZOCTONIAL DAMPING-OFF
Keywords:
COMPOST AND SPRAYS, LIQUID FERTILIZER, DAMPING-OFF
Abstract
Integrated management using organic peat – mix (Humobacter-A) plus NPK mineral fertilizer at 10, 20, and 30 mg kg-1 and spraying a full emergence seedlings with ALGIDEX; (organic liquid fertilizer plus extract of marine herb (Ascophilum nudosum) were applied for reducing the occurrence and severity of radish damping – off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. NPK fertilization of incubated soil for 28 days reduced diseased seedlings to 27-35% and 23 - 37 % when used at 20 and 10 mg kg-1 respectively, prolonged incubation reduced disease occurrence to 27- 40 % when seedlings sprayed with 5 ml ALG. or by 20 mg NPK plus 20 ml ALG. Most of necrotic seedlings could be survived indicate that the compost and amendments suppressed post – emergence damping – off, since complete healthy seedlings were resulted when the soil incubated for 14 and 28 days and amended with 30 mg NPK kg-1 and 10 ml ALG. compared to 13.72 % and 7.84 % in the control. Heating of peat – mix at 50 0C for 5 days and incubated for 14 days suppressed the occurrence of damping – off to 27.45 % compared to 45 and 47 % when incubated for 28 and 7 days respectively. Necrotic seedlings restricted to only 5.88 % in the heated peat–mix incubated for 14 days with 20 ml ALG. Furthermore, disease severity reduced to the lowest rate (0.1) on seedlings grown in heated media under the same conditions. Thermophilic fungi of Aspergillus spp., Alternaria alternata, Humicola grisea, Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer, was recovered incubated peat – mix for 28 or 14 days as 7.7 and 6.1 cfu g-1, respectively.
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References
P.A.; Conn, K.L. and Lazarovits, G. (2004). Suppression of Rhizoctonia and Pythium damping-off of radish and cucumber seedling by addition of fish emulsion to peat mix or soil. Canadian Jornal of Plant Pathology 26: 177-187.
Borrero, C.; Trillas, M.I.; Ordovs, J.; Tello, J.andAvilés, M. (2004). Predictive factors for the suppression of Fusarium wilt of tomato in plant growth media. Phytopathology 94:1094–1101.
Borrero, C.; Ttillas, I. and Aviles, M. (2009). Carnation Fusarium wilt suppression in four composts. European Journal of Plant Pathology 123: 425-433
Bonanomi, G.; Antignani, V.; Capodilupo, M. and Scala, F. (2010). Identifying the characteristics of organic soil amendments that suppress soil borne plant diseases. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 136-144
Bunt, A.C. (1988). Media and Mixes for container-Grown plants, Unwin Hyman, London, 309 PP.
Castano, R.; Borrero, C.and Aviles, M. (2011). Organic matter fractions by SP-MAS 13C NMR and microbial communities involved in the suppression of Fusarium wilt in organic growth media. Biological Control 58: 286-293
Chung, Y. R.; Hoitink, H. A. J. and Lipps, P. E. (1988). Interactions between organic matter decomposition level and soil borne disease severity. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment 24:183-193.
Chutia, M. and Ahmed, G.U. (2012). Diversity, antimicrobial activities and associated microbiota of soil Penicillia from virgin forest floor. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 1(5): 1279-1294.
Cotxarrera, L.; Trillas-Gay, M.I.; Steinberg, C. and Alabouvette, C. (2002). Use of sewage sludge compost and Trichoderma asperellum isolates to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 467-476.
De Boer, W.; Verheggen, P.; Klein Gunnewiek, P.J.A.; Kowalchuk, G.A. and van Veen J.A. (2003). Microbial community composition affects soil fungistasis. Applied and Envirinmental Microbiology 69: 835-844.
Dukare, A.S.; Prasanna, R.; Dubey, S.C.; Nain, L.; Chaudhary, V.; Singh, R. and Saxena, A.K. (2011). Evaluating novel microbe amended composts as biocontrol agents in tomato. Crop Protection 30: 436-442.
El-Tarabily, K.A.; Nassar, A.H.; Hardy, G.E.St.J. and Sivasithamparam, K. (2003). Fish emulsion as a food base for rhizobacteria promoting growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) in a sandy soil. Plant Soil 252: 397–411.
Erhart, E.; Burian, K.; Hartl, W. and Stich, K. (1999). Suppression of Pythium ultimumby biowaste composts in relation to compost microbial biomass, activity and content of phenolic compounds. Journal of Phytopathology147: 299-305.
Eriksson, K. E. and Wood, T. M. (1985). Biodegradation of cellulose. Pages 469-502 in: Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. T. Higuchi, ed. Academic Press, New York. 587 PP.
Gagnon, B. and Berrouard, S. (1994). Effects of several organic fertilizers on growth of greenhouse tomato transplants. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 167-168.
Ghatora, S.K.; Chadha, B.S.; Saini, H.S.; Bhat, M.K. and Faulds, C.B. (2006). Diversity of plant cell wall esterases in thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi. Journal of Biotechnology 125: 434-445.
Hadar, Y.; Mandelbaum, R. and Gorodecki, B. (1992). Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens by suppressive compost. In: Biological control of plant diseases. Tjamos, E.S.; Papavizas, G.C. and Cook, R.J. (Eds.). Plenum Press, New York, United State of America. P. 79-83
Haggag, W.M. (2002). Sustainable agriculture management of plant diseases. Journal of Biological Sciences 2: 280-284.
Handreck, K. and Black, N.(1991). Growing Media for Ornamental Plants and Turf, New South Wales University Press, Kensington, Australia 401 PP.
Hassan, W. A. and Yousif A. A. (2013). Soil recolonization by saprophytic fungi after solarization and soil amendments. Proceeding of the 1st International Scientific Conference University of Zakho, April, P. 23-25.
Hoitink, H.A.J.; Schmithener, A.F. and Herr, L.J. (1975). Composted bark for control of root rot in ornamentals. Ohio Report 60: 25-26.
Hoitink, H.A.J.; VanDoren, J.R. and Schmitthenner, A.F. (1977). Suppression of phytophthora cinnamomi in a composted hardwood bark potting medium. Phytopathology 67: 561-565
Hoitink , H.A.J.; Modden, L.V. and Boehm, M.J.(1996). Relationships among organic matter decomposition level, microbial species diversity and soil-borne disease severity. In: Hall R (Ed) Prinoples and Practice of Managing Soil-borne Plant Pathogens, American Phytopathological Society Press, Sant Paul, Minnesota P. 237-249
Hoitink, H.A.J.; Stone, A.G. and Han, D.Y. (1997). Suppression of plant disease by composts. Horticultural Science 32: 184-187.
Hoitink, H.A. and Boehm, M.J. (1999). Biocontrol within the context of soil microbial communities: A substrate-dependent phenomenon. Annual Review of Phytopathology 37: 427-446.
Hoitink, H. A. J.; Krause, M. S. and Han, D. Y. (2001). Spectrum and mechanisms of plant disease control with composts. In: Compost utilization in horticultural cropping systems. Stoffella, P.J., and Kahn, B.A. (Eds.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, United State of America. 263-274.
Krebs, E. (1990). Rinden - kultursubstrateund schadpilze. Deutscher Gartenbau 44: 2874-2877.
Kushaldas, M.B. (2009). Eco-physiological studies on thermophilic fungi from diverse habitats in vidarbha region. Ph.D. Thesis, Nagpur University.
Li, M.Y.; Wang, G.J.; Li, T.F. and K. Liu, K.(2001). Selection for Trichoderma isolates applicable in biocontrol for major fungal diseases of tobacco Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 23:10-12.
Lumsden, R.D.; Lewis, J.A. and Milner, P.D. (1983). Effect of composted sewage sludge on several soil borne pathogens and diseases. Phytopathology 73: 1543-1548.
Litterick, A.M.; Harrier, L.; Wallace, P.; Waston, C.A. and Wood, M. (2004). The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and composts extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production – a review. Critical Reviews in plant Sciences 23: 453-479
Merchant, R.; Merchant, F. and Margaritis, A. (1988). Production of xylanase by thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris. Biotechnology Lett.10: 513-516.
Nelson, E. B. and Hoitink, H. A. J. (1983). The role of microorganisms in the suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in container media amended with hardwood bark. Phytopathology 73:274-278.
Noble, R. (2011). Risks and benefits of soil amendment with composts in relation to plant pathogens. Australasian plant pathology 40: 157-167
Noble, R. and Coventry, E. (2005). Suppression of soil-borne plant diseases with composts: a review. Biocontrol Science Technology 15: 3–20.
Quarles, W. and Grossmann, J. (1995). Alternative to methyl bromide in nurseries-Disease suppressive media. The IPM practitioner 17(8): 1-13.
Rajankar, P.N.; Tambekar, D. H. and Wate, S. R. (2007). Study of phosphate solubilization efficiencies of fungi and bacteria isolated from saline belt of purna river basin. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 3(6): 701-703.
Scherlach, K.; Boettger, D.; Remme, N. and Hertweck, C. (2010).The chemistry and biology of cytochalasans. National Prodcution Report. 27:869− 896.
Tenuta, M. and Lazarovits, G. (2002). Ammonia and nitrous acid from nitrogenous amendments kill the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 92: 255–264.
Tenuta, M.; Coon, K.L. and Lazarovits, G. (2002). Volatile fatty acids in liquid swine manure can kill microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 92: 548-552.
Trillas_Gay M.I.; Hoitink H.A.J. and Maddden L.V. (1986). Nature of suppression of Fusarium wilt of radish in a container medium amended with composted hardwood brak. Plant Diseases 70:1023-27
Wahegaonkar, N.; Salunkhe, S.M.; Palsingankar, P.L. and Shinde, S.Y. (2011). Diversity of fungi from soils of Aurangabad, M.S., India. In Annals of Biological Research 2(2): 198-205.
Wareing, P.W. (1997). Incidence and detection of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi from maize with particular reference to Thermoascus species. International Journal of Food Microbiology 35:137-145.
Weil, R.R. and Magdoff, F. (2004). Significance of soil organic matter to soil quality and health. In soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture 1-43 P.
Weller, D.M.; Raaijmakers, J.M.; McSpadden Gardener, B.B. and Thomashow, L.S.(2002). Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annual Review of phytopathology 40: 309-348
Borrero, C.; Trillas, M.I.; Ordovs, J.; Tello, J.andAvilés, M. (2004). Predictive factors for the suppression of Fusarium wilt of tomato in plant growth media. Phytopathology 94:1094–1101.
Borrero, C.; Ttillas, I. and Aviles, M. (2009). Carnation Fusarium wilt suppression in four composts. European Journal of Plant Pathology 123: 425-433
Bonanomi, G.; Antignani, V.; Capodilupo, M. and Scala, F. (2010). Identifying the characteristics of organic soil amendments that suppress soil borne plant diseases. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 136-144
Bunt, A.C. (1988). Media and Mixes for container-Grown plants, Unwin Hyman, London, 309 PP.
Castano, R.; Borrero, C.and Aviles, M. (2011). Organic matter fractions by SP-MAS 13C NMR and microbial communities involved in the suppression of Fusarium wilt in organic growth media. Biological Control 58: 286-293
Chung, Y. R.; Hoitink, H. A. J. and Lipps, P. E. (1988). Interactions between organic matter decomposition level and soil borne disease severity. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment 24:183-193.
Chutia, M. and Ahmed, G.U. (2012). Diversity, antimicrobial activities and associated microbiota of soil Penicillia from virgin forest floor. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 1(5): 1279-1294.
Cotxarrera, L.; Trillas-Gay, M.I.; Steinberg, C. and Alabouvette, C. (2002). Use of sewage sludge compost and Trichoderma asperellum isolates to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 467-476.
De Boer, W.; Verheggen, P.; Klein Gunnewiek, P.J.A.; Kowalchuk, G.A. and van Veen J.A. (2003). Microbial community composition affects soil fungistasis. Applied and Envirinmental Microbiology 69: 835-844.
Dukare, A.S.; Prasanna, R.; Dubey, S.C.; Nain, L.; Chaudhary, V.; Singh, R. and Saxena, A.K. (2011). Evaluating novel microbe amended composts as biocontrol agents in tomato. Crop Protection 30: 436-442.
El-Tarabily, K.A.; Nassar, A.H.; Hardy, G.E.St.J. and Sivasithamparam, K. (2003). Fish emulsion as a food base for rhizobacteria promoting growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) in a sandy soil. Plant Soil 252: 397–411.
Erhart, E.; Burian, K.; Hartl, W. and Stich, K. (1999). Suppression of Pythium ultimumby biowaste composts in relation to compost microbial biomass, activity and content of phenolic compounds. Journal of Phytopathology147: 299-305.
Eriksson, K. E. and Wood, T. M. (1985). Biodegradation of cellulose. Pages 469-502 in: Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. T. Higuchi, ed. Academic Press, New York. 587 PP.
Gagnon, B. and Berrouard, S. (1994). Effects of several organic fertilizers on growth of greenhouse tomato transplants. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 167-168.
Ghatora, S.K.; Chadha, B.S.; Saini, H.S.; Bhat, M.K. and Faulds, C.B. (2006). Diversity of plant cell wall esterases in thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi. Journal of Biotechnology 125: 434-445.
Hadar, Y.; Mandelbaum, R. and Gorodecki, B. (1992). Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens by suppressive compost. In: Biological control of plant diseases. Tjamos, E.S.; Papavizas, G.C. and Cook, R.J. (Eds.). Plenum Press, New York, United State of America. P. 79-83
Haggag, W.M. (2002). Sustainable agriculture management of plant diseases. Journal of Biological Sciences 2: 280-284.
Handreck, K. and Black, N.(1991). Growing Media for Ornamental Plants and Turf, New South Wales University Press, Kensington, Australia 401 PP.
Hassan, W. A. and Yousif A. A. (2013). Soil recolonization by saprophytic fungi after solarization and soil amendments. Proceeding of the 1st International Scientific Conference University of Zakho, April, P. 23-25.
Hoitink, H.A.J.; Schmithener, A.F. and Herr, L.J. (1975). Composted bark for control of root rot in ornamentals. Ohio Report 60: 25-26.
Hoitink, H.A.J.; VanDoren, J.R. and Schmitthenner, A.F. (1977). Suppression of phytophthora cinnamomi in a composted hardwood bark potting medium. Phytopathology 67: 561-565
Hoitink , H.A.J.; Modden, L.V. and Boehm, M.J.(1996). Relationships among organic matter decomposition level, microbial species diversity and soil-borne disease severity. In: Hall R (Ed) Prinoples and Practice of Managing Soil-borne Plant Pathogens, American Phytopathological Society Press, Sant Paul, Minnesota P. 237-249
Hoitink, H.A.J.; Stone, A.G. and Han, D.Y. (1997). Suppression of plant disease by composts. Horticultural Science 32: 184-187.
Hoitink, H.A. and Boehm, M.J. (1999). Biocontrol within the context of soil microbial communities: A substrate-dependent phenomenon. Annual Review of Phytopathology 37: 427-446.
Hoitink, H. A. J.; Krause, M. S. and Han, D. Y. (2001). Spectrum and mechanisms of plant disease control with composts. In: Compost utilization in horticultural cropping systems. Stoffella, P.J., and Kahn, B.A. (Eds.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, United State of America. 263-274.
Krebs, E. (1990). Rinden - kultursubstrateund schadpilze. Deutscher Gartenbau 44: 2874-2877.
Kushaldas, M.B. (2009). Eco-physiological studies on thermophilic fungi from diverse habitats in vidarbha region. Ph.D. Thesis, Nagpur University.
Li, M.Y.; Wang, G.J.; Li, T.F. and K. Liu, K.(2001). Selection for Trichoderma isolates applicable in biocontrol for major fungal diseases of tobacco Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 23:10-12.
Lumsden, R.D.; Lewis, J.A. and Milner, P.D. (1983). Effect of composted sewage sludge on several soil borne pathogens and diseases. Phytopathology 73: 1543-1548.
Litterick, A.M.; Harrier, L.; Wallace, P.; Waston, C.A. and Wood, M. (2004). The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and composts extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production – a review. Critical Reviews in plant Sciences 23: 453-479
Merchant, R.; Merchant, F. and Margaritis, A. (1988). Production of xylanase by thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris. Biotechnology Lett.10: 513-516.
Nelson, E. B. and Hoitink, H. A. J. (1983). The role of microorganisms in the suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in container media amended with hardwood bark. Phytopathology 73:274-278.
Noble, R. (2011). Risks and benefits of soil amendment with composts in relation to plant pathogens. Australasian plant pathology 40: 157-167
Noble, R. and Coventry, E. (2005). Suppression of soil-borne plant diseases with composts: a review. Biocontrol Science Technology 15: 3–20.
Quarles, W. and Grossmann, J. (1995). Alternative to methyl bromide in nurseries-Disease suppressive media. The IPM practitioner 17(8): 1-13.
Rajankar, P.N.; Tambekar, D. H. and Wate, S. R. (2007). Study of phosphate solubilization efficiencies of fungi and bacteria isolated from saline belt of purna river basin. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 3(6): 701-703.
Scherlach, K.; Boettger, D.; Remme, N. and Hertweck, C. (2010).The chemistry and biology of cytochalasans. National Prodcution Report. 27:869− 896.
Tenuta, M. and Lazarovits, G. (2002). Ammonia and nitrous acid from nitrogenous amendments kill the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 92: 255–264.
Tenuta, M.; Coon, K.L. and Lazarovits, G. (2002). Volatile fatty acids in liquid swine manure can kill microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 92: 548-552.
Trillas_Gay M.I.; Hoitink H.A.J. and Maddden L.V. (1986). Nature of suppression of Fusarium wilt of radish in a container medium amended with composted hardwood brak. Plant Diseases 70:1023-27
Wahegaonkar, N.; Salunkhe, S.M.; Palsingankar, P.L. and Shinde, S.Y. (2011). Diversity of fungi from soils of Aurangabad, M.S., India. In Annals of Biological Research 2(2): 198-205.
Wareing, P.W. (1997). Incidence and detection of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi from maize with particular reference to Thermoascus species. International Journal of Food Microbiology 35:137-145.
Weil, R.R. and Magdoff, F. (2004). Significance of soil organic matter to soil quality and health. In soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture 1-43 P.
Weller, D.M.; Raaijmakers, J.M.; McSpadden Gardener, B.B. and Thomashow, L.S.(2002). Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annual Review of phytopathology 40: 309-348
Published
2020-07-12
How to Cite
HASSAN, W. A., & DHAHIR, H. M. (2020). PASTEURIZED HUMOBAVTER-A COMPOST AND SPRAYS OF LIQUID FERTILIZER TO SUPPRESS RHIZOCTONIAL DAMPING-OFF . Journal of Duhok University, 22(s2), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.26682/cajuod.2020.22.2.19
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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