INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR

  • DLOFAN A. SALMAN Dept. of management sciences, college of administration & economic, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Keywords: entrepreneurship, Emotional intelligence, entrepreneurial behaviour

Abstract

The aim of the present research study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behaviour. More precisely, the study focused on evaluating the effect of selected dimensions of emotional intelligence, based on Goleman’s (1998) model, as predictors of entrepreneurial behaviour namely; self-awareness, self-regulations, internal motivation, empathy and social-skills among small-sized firms’ managers working in Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Moreover, it also examined the degree of  managers’ emotionally intelligent and entrepreneurial behaviour. Sixty six (66) managers from Kurdistan region- Iraq participated in the study. The participants were given a pre-structured questionnaire of  two parts including;“entrepreneurial behaviour” questionnaire by (Pearce et al., 1997) “emotional intelligence” questionnaire by (Goleman, D. 1998) five dimensions model. Three measuring tools were used to analyse data including; descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation, Spearman moment correlation and multiple linier regressions. The finding showed a moderate level of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behaviour among managers. In addition, emotional intelligence and all its dimensions showed statistically significant correlation with entrepreneurial behaviour. Concerning the impact of emotional intelligence, out of five dimension four were found to have a significant impact on managers’ entrepreneurial behaviour namely; self-awareness, internal motivation, empathy and social-skills. However, dimensions of emotional intelligence, collectively explained a significant variance in entrepreneurial behaviour which means that managers’ entrepreneurial behaviour is significantly affected by their level of emotional intelligence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

 Ahmetoglu G, Leutner F, Chamorro-Premuzic T. EQ-nomics: Understanding the relationship between individual differences in trait emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship. Individ Differ Res. 2011;51(8):1028-33.
 Akers, M. D., & Porter, G. L. (2003). Your EQ skills: Got what it takes?. Journal of Accountancy, 195(3), 65.‏
 Allinson, C. W., Chell, E., & Hayes, J. (2000). Intuition and entrepreneurial behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 31-43.‏
 Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
 Baron, R. A. (2008). The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. Academy of management Review, 33(2), 328-340.‏
 Baron, R. M. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18(1), 13-25.‏
 Bednarzik, R. W. (2000). The role of entrepreneurship in U. S. and European job growth. Monthly Labour Review (6), 3-16.
 Bezzina, F. (2010). Characteristics of the Maltese Entrepreneur. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 3(7), 292.‏
 Biniari, M.G., 2011. The Emotional Embeddedness of Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Case of Envy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.
 Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2003). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 1147-1158.
 Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 279-307.‏
 Brundin, E., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2008). Managers' emotional displays and employees' willingness to act entrepreneurially. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(2), 221-243.
 Cooper, R. K., & Sawaf, A. (1998). Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations. Penguin.‏
 Cunningham, J. B., & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of small business management, 29(1), 45-61.
 Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (1999). Can emotional intelligence be measured and developed?
 Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2000). Emotional intelligence: A review and evaluation study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4), 341-372.
 Farahbod, F., Azadehdel, M., khoshdel Mofidi, M., Shahabi, S., Pazhouh, L. D., Ghorbaninejad, N., & Shadkam, F. (2013). The relationship between trait emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship attitudes and intentions. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 5(3), 79.‏
 Foo, M. D. (2011). Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(2), 375-393.‏
 Gavron, R., Cowling, M., Holtham, G., & Westall, A. (1998). The entrepreneurial society. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, Central Books.
 Goleman, D. (1998). What makes a leader?. harvard business review, 82(1), 82-91.‏
 Goleman, D. (2001). An EI-based theory of performance. The emotionally intelligent workplace: How to select for, measure, and improve emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations, 1, 27-44.
 Goleman, D. 1995. Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
 Goleman, D. 1998. Working With Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
 Gurol, Y., & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education Training, 48(1), 25-38.
 Ibaishwa, R.L. Abege, T. & Terwase, J. (2014). Personality Traits And Emotional Intelligence As Predictors Of Entrepreneurial Behaviour Among Students Of Benue State University. International Journal of Education and Research, 2 (7), 587-598.
 Karanassios, N., & Pazarskis, M. (2006). EU strategies to encourage youth entrepreneurship: Evidence from higher education in Greece." Industry & Higher Education February: 43-50.
 Kim, P. H., Aldrich, H. E., & Keister, L. A. (2006). The impact of financial, human, and cultural capital on entrepreneurial entry in the United States. Small Business Economics(27), 5-22.
 Krishnakumar, Sukumarakurup(2008) The Role Of Emotional Intelligence And Job Emotional Requirements In Job Attitudes And Behavior, Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
 Kuratko, D. F. (2007). Entrepreneurial leadership in the 21stcentury: Guest editor’s perspective. Journal of Leadership and Organisational Studies, 13, 1–11.
 Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 20(5), 242-253.
 Lena, L. & Wong, P.K. (2003). Attitude towards entrepreneurship education and new venture creation. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 11 (4), 339-357.
 Lussier, R. N., & Halabi, C. (2010). A three country comparison of the business success vs failure prediction model. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(3), 59-67.
 Mair, J. (2002). Value creation through entrepreneurial activity: A multiple constituency approach
 Mair, J. (2005). Entrepreneurial behavior in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers. In Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing (pp. 49-72). Springer US.
 Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion, 3(1), 97-105.
 Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D., & Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Models of emotional intelligence. In Handbook of intelligence (pp. 396-420) NY: Cambridge University Press.
 McEnrue, M. P., & Groves, K. (2006). Choosing among tests of emotional intelligence: What is the evidence? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(1), 9-42.
 Neqabi, S., & Bahadori, M. (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal Mil Med, 14(2), 123-128.‏
 Pearce, J.A., T.R. Kramer and D.K. Robbins, 1997. Effects of managers' entrepreneurial behavior on subordinates. J. Bus. Venturing, 12, 147-160.
 Postigo, S., & Tamborini, F. (2002). Entrepreneurship education in Argentina: The case of San Andres University. International Entrepreneurship Education and Training Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 Pradhan, R. K., & Nath, P. (2012). Perception of entrepreneurial orientation and emotional intelligence a study on India’s future techno-managers. Global Business Review, 13(1), 89-108.‏
 Pradhan, R.K., Awasthy, S., Kumar, U., & Pattanayak, S.P. (2005). Role of emotional intelligence on organizational commitment and conflict management. In S.K. Srivastava (Ed.), Applied and community psychology: Trends and directions (pp. 25–43). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
 Price, R. W. (2006). Entrepreneurship. Dubuque, IL: McGraw-Hill.
 Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
 Motlagh, Sh. H. (2013).The role of active and passive motion staff’s emotional intelligence on Entrepreneurship behaviour. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013, 3(5):365-369.
 Sánchez-Ruiz, M. J., Hernández-Torrano, D., Pérez-González, J. C., Batey, M., & Petrides, K. V. (2011). The relationship between trait emotional intelligence and creativity across subject domains. Motivation and Emotion, 35(4), 461-473.‏
 Schaper, A., & Volery, M.V. (2004). Tracking student entrepreneurial potentials. Problems and Perspective in Management, 6(4), 45-53.
 Shane, S. A. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Edward Elgar Publishing.
 Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
 Shepherd, D. (2004). Educating entrepreneurship students about emotion and learning from failure. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 274-287.
 Stys, Y., & Brown, S. L. (2004). A review of the emotional intelligence literature and implications for corrections. Research branch correctional service of Canada, 10.‏
 Thompson, J. L. (2004). Innovation through people. Management decision, 42(9), 1082-1094.‏
 Torres-Coronas, T. Vidal-Blasco, M. Sánchez, J. (2014) the Role of Emotional Intelligence In Entrepreneurial Networking. Journal of Entrepreneurship: Research & Practice, Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 443841, 10 pages 1-10.
 Yao, K., & Cui, X. (2010). Study on the moderating effect of the employee psychological empowerment on the enterprise employee turnover tendency: Taking small and middle enterprises in Jinan as the example. International Business Research, 3(3), 21.‏
 Yusof, M., Sandhu, M. S., & Jain, K. K. (2007). Relationship between psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial inclination: A case study of students at University Tun Abdul Razak (Unitar). Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and sustainability, 3(2), 1.‏
 Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2004). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: A critical review,53, pp. 371-399.
 Zimmerer, T. W., Scarborough, N. M., & Wilson, D. (2007). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
 Zimmerman, J. (2008). Refining the definition of entrepreneurship. ProQuest.‏
Published
2017-10-27
How to Cite
SALMAN, D. A. (2017). INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR. Journal of Duhok University, 20(2), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2017.20.2.3
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences