TY - JOUR AU - YOUSIF, HOZAN ABDULLAH AU - IBRAHIM, SALAH MATTI PY - 2023/05/18 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS OF PINUS BRUTIA TEN. FROM UAV- 1" CMOS DIGITAL CAMERA POINT CLOUDS IN GEVERKE - DUHOK GOVERNORATE, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ JF - Journal of Duhok University JA - JDU VL - 26 IS - 1 SE - Agriculture and Veterinary Science DO - 10.26682/ajuod.2023.26.1.13 UR - https://journal.uod.ac/index.php/uodjournal/article/view/2397 SP - 122-132 AB - In this study, purposely selected 61 Pinus brutia trees in Geverke - Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq were used to measure tree height using the indirect field and the UAV-photogrammetric methods. Results depict that over the 59 observations, 68% of the indirect field measurements tree height values were higher than those obtained by UAV- photogrammetric measurements. According to the coefficient of determination (R2) between the two methods, the fitted linear model explains 84.03% of the variability in tree height by field method. The correlation coefficient equals 91.67%, indicating a relatively strong direct relationship between the values of the two methods used to measure the tree heights.  The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 0.361204 according to Fankhauser, K., et. al., (2018), Corte, Ana, et. al., (2020), and Guerra-H G et. al., (2016) obtained. R2 values were 82%, 82%, and 81% respectively. Also, it was within the values range that, Teddy Ruslono. Et. al., (2021) found (64.4%-80.2%), which is more than the value that Vahid Nasiri, et. al., (2021) obtained (65%). The differences in R2 values between the current study and the preceding studies are due to the differences in drone height, tree height, tree leaning angle, drone and sensor type, uneven and sloping terrain, GCPs setting up accuracy, automated algorithms utilized in measuring, and measuring skill ER -