RADIOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF MENTAL FORAMEN IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT SKELETAL OCCLUSIONS IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE

MAYSALOON SHAMAN  SAEED; FADI SHAMSHOON HAGI

doi:10.26682/sjuod.2020.22.1.7

MAYSALOON SHAMAN SAEED Dept.of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
FADI SHAMSHOON HAGI Dept. of Periodontics and Faciomaxillary Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2020.22.1.7

Keywords: Mental Foramen:, Mental Nerve:, Panoramic Radiography:, Skeletal Occlusion:

Abstract

Background: The mental foramen is one of the most critical anatomical structures in the body of mandible, and its determination is very significant before anesthesia administration, implant placement, orthodontic treatment, and even diagnosis. This study aims to determine the mental foramen by visibility, size, shape, number, and location, in patients with different skeletal occlusions in Duhok Governorate, in order to prevent any undesirable surgical and dental anesthetic complications.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study conducted for the period from June 2018 to February 2019, at the x-ray unit of Duhok Specialized Dental Center. Sixty patients participated in this study, 31 males and 29 females. The mean age was 38 years. Digital panoramic radiography used for determination of the mental foramen and a cephalometric radiograph used for determination of skeletal malocclusion by Steiner Analysis. Those patients categorized into three groups: Class I, Class II and Class III of skeletal occlusions.

Results: The results showed, Class I were 31 patients (%51.67), Class II 24 patients (40%) and Class III 5 patients (8.33%). The mental foramina appeared in most of the cases (99.17%). The overall mean diameter in all cases was 2.32 mm. The most dominant shape type was circular (50.42%). About the number, the single type was most of all (89.92%). The most appeared position of the foramen concerning the lower premolars was below the 2nd premolar (44.53%). There was symmetry in the position of the mental foramen in Class I (83.87%) & Class III (100%), while in Class II was non-symmetrical (29.17%). The overall mean distance of the foramen from the upper border of the mandible was 18.1 mm and from the lower border of the mandible was 12.39 mm. Finally, the overall mean distance of foramen from the midline was 31.75 mm for both sides.

Conclusion: The determination of mental foramen by digital panoramic radiography is of great importance, to avoid any unnecessary problems, before the local anesthesia injection, oral surgery, dental implantation, orthodontic treatment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Garg R. Study of Mental Foramina. Bhavnagar University Journal of Dentistry. 2014 Sep 1; 4:5–11.
2. Haghanifar S, Rokouei M. Radiographic evaluation of the mental foramen in a selected Iranian population. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2009;20(2):150.
3. Bharathi U, Rani RP, Basappa S, Kanwar S, Khanum N. Position of the Mental Foramen in Indian and Iranian Subjects: A Radiographic Study. Journal of International Oral Health. 2016 Jan 1;8(1):41.
4. Gangotri S, Patni V, Sathwane R. Radiographic Determination of Position and Symmetry of Mental Foramen in Central Indian Population.Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, April-June 2011;23(2):101-103
5. Yosue T, Brooks SL. The appearance of mental foramina on panoramic and periapical radiographs. II. Experimental evaluation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989 Oct;68(4):488–92.
6. Nanayakkara D. Positional variation and localization of the mental foramen. MOJ Anat & Physiol 2018, 5(1): 00162
7. Pandey S, Pai KM, Dhakal A. Common positioning and technical errors in panoramic radiography. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(7): 26-29.
8. John R P. Text Book of Dental Radiology [Internet]. 2nd ed. B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India: JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD; 2011. Available from: Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com
9. Decusara M. USE OF ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM IN DENTAL PRACTICE – A STATISTICAL STUDY. International Journal of Medical Dentistry. 2011 Dec;1(4):389–92.
10. Erkan M, Gurel HG, Nur M, Demirel B. Reliability of four different computerized cephalometric analysis programs [Internet]. ResearchGate. 2011 [cited 2018 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51060139_Reliability_of_four_different_computerized_cephalometric_analysis_programs
11. Joshi N, Hamdan AM, Fakhouri WD. Skeletal Malocclusion: A Developmental Disorder with a Life-Long Morbidity. J Clin Med Res. 2014 Dec;6(6):399–408.
12. Yovchev D, Mihaylova H, Dimitrov Y, Deliverska E, Miteva-Yovcheva N. Unilateral absence of mental foramen. Biomedical Research [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 2];29(21). Available from: http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/unilateral-absence-of-mental-foramen-11031.html
13. Budhiraja V, Rastogi R, Lalwani R, Goel P, Bose SC. Study of Position, Shape, and Size of Mental Foramen Utilizing Various Parameters in Dry Adult Human Mandibles from North India. ISRN Anat. 2012 Dec 17;
14. Afkhami F, Haraji A, Boostani H. Radiographic Localization of the Mental Foramen and Mandibular Canal. J Dent (Tehran). 2013 Sep; 10(5): 436–442.
15. Verma P, Bansal N, Khosa R, Verma K, Sachdev S, Patwardhan N, et al. Correlation of Radiographic Mental Foramen Position and Occlusion in Three Different Indian Populations. West Indian Med J. 2015 Jun;64(3):269–74.
16. Agarwal DR, Gupta SB. Morphometric Analysis of Mental Foramen in Human Mandibles of South Gujarat: People’s Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 4(1), Jan. 2011.
17. Kqiku L, Weiglein A, Kamberi B, Hoxha V, Meqa K, Städtler P. Position of the mental foramen in Kosovarian population. Coll. Antropol. 37 (2013) 2: 545–549.
18. Singh R. Study of Position, Shape, Size and Incidence of Mental Foramenand Accessory Mental Foramen in Indian Adult Human Skulls. Int. J. Morphol., 28(4):1141-1146, 2010.
19. Fuentes R, Flores T, Dias F, Farfán C, Astete N, Navarro P, et al. Localization of the Mental Foramen Through Digital Panoramic Radiographs in a Chilean Population. International Journal of Morphology. 2017 Dec;35(4):1309–15.
20. Nanayakkara D, Sampath H, Manawaratne R, Peiris R, Vadysinghe A, Arambawatte K, et al. Positional Variation and Localization of the Mental Foramen. MOJ Anat & Physiol 2018, 5(1): 00162
21. Afkhami F, Haraji A, Boostani H. Radiographic Localization of the Mental Foramen and Mandibular Canal. J Dent (Tehran). 2013 Sep; 10(5): 436–442.
22. Mohamed A, Nataraj K, Mathew VB, Varma B, Mohamed S, Valappila NJ, et al. Location of mental foramen using digital panoramic Radiography. Journal of forensic dental sciences. 2016;8(2):79–82.
23. Al Talabani N, Gataa I, Jaff K. Precise computer-based localization of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs in a Kurdish population. Journal of Oral Radiology 24(2):59-63 • December 2008.
24. Rai R, Shrestha S, Jha S. Mental foramen: a morphological and morphometrical study. International J. of Healthcare and Biomedical Research, Volume: 2, Issue: 4, July 2014, Pages 144-150.
25. L Phillips J, N Weller R, C Kulild J. The mental foramen: 3. Size and position on panoramic radiographs.J Endod. 1992 Aug;18(8):383-6.