TYPES OF POWER IN INTERTEXTUALITY: SIR KEN ROBINSON'S TED TALK 'DO SCHOOLS KILL CREATIVITY?' AS A SAMPLE
Keywords:
Discourse, Intertextuality, Power, TED
Abstract
This study attempted to investigate the use of intertextuality as a source of power in a TED talk sample, viz., Sir Ken Robinson's 'Do Schools Kill Creativity?' within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This paper followed a qualitative paradigm in analyzing the sample data. Accordingly, an eclectic model was devised, integrating Gee's (2014a, 2014b) model of intertextual analysis and French and Raven's (1959) model of the bases of social psychological power. The application of this model to the selected data has yielded some conclusions, the most salient of which is that intertextuality is important in TED talks as it is used to show implicit meanings to exercise two types of power: expert power and referent power. Accordingly, it is recommended to consider power relations and the exercise of power when conducting any intertextual analysis within the framework of CDA.
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References
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Wang, W. (2006). Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia: A contrastive genre study (Doctoral thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Astralia). Retrieved from https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/1701/5/05chapter4.pdf [Accessed: 9 June 2019].
Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about: A summary of its history, important concepts and its development. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, pp. 1-13. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Al-Barwary, H. A. Y. (2014). Power in Political Discourse: A Contrastive Analysis between English and Kurdish Political Speeches (MA thesis, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq).
Allen, G. (2000). Intertextuality. London: Routledge.
Anderson, C. (2016). TED talks: The official TED guide to public speaking. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Baker, P. & Ellege, S. (2011). Key Terms in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Bauman, R. (2004). A World of Others’ Words: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Baxter, J. (2010). Discourse-analytic approaches to text and talk. In L. Litosseliti (Ed.), Research Methods in Linguistics (pp. 117-137). London: Continuum.
Briggs, C. L., & Bauman, R. (1992). Genre, intertextuality, and social power. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 2(2), 131-172. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36870555/Briggs_Bauman_92.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DGenre_Intertextuality_and_Social_Power.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIATUSBJ6BADE34GYUM%2F20200331%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200331T094935Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDYG4ysbXpHvXqcwoNzCXZuu4s%2Bp9jF9xC6DNsrurtUcgIgbqZrKI%2Bz7UTuKsHM7F%2Ba94IoHkLS8g5CTF7BlVFWXxIqtAMIEhAAGgwyNTAzMTg4MTEyMDAiDDFuJwVKxkX94Jc%2B6CqRA07Lm5UG96P2TQvCaCMvUzoTHpJl7z71ZIWPz6V0LZaGZJs4CIhBpwQYjSwtQXizsFM6Amt9wZNGfWnApsdMY4R%2FSQH48Yr6bQn55TrKDgTAJbU3UIBjIaWiJFAk6Wt0hQ%2B9vyLcfS30eSQTUdXuzRp1WAMsCdd9kK%2FPp45V5z0rOZJoSwlItby0AzSVCuB%2FbCw3SRN%2FWTFOUXxsklYq%2FAwZFhtrcMJ9QZy%2FvDxlOwvq3UO0Dh8kR4pdsBLGLbA8bVnBov3QFYINqks7QRggwdw%2BZsCK4C4yNvlP4lBkNV4IWbsiDQzk6083oaqTi%2BcJIeiTnZrQjhdeQrlLrORhR9T3CLCcF%2BSLbWjAljfdcwKoP8a3ffsP6TM75vFc9YKCjMfS5Kys7eFSA4yNxLiKWQeQ8gEqBaSUOfQCnsZBbOohuuysB9P31PreD2V%2B0x2J%2FbygXmK1ZpSQ7g%2BycLjO0zEMbd03%2F8vrwodrGFxK0UFnIEoBPJEwXH8cyBgmuz0yohejvikC5xuc9FA4A4HNPfE5MJWDjPQFOusBh8DinNvxONx4EuivDGQSdCwFwm89gTLdjgyMebOr3c8jQLHfLeApYxCFo9bbq2a7rR12yXIWLs3yW1xRjWZtmQqjPL6GZEwC3REs3uF1ETHv31c3GiOD%2FPLdN%2BR5rKfqksb9CQkXsrZRqVwEMKdSk%2F%2F0AswGgJova0c97dhF6mrbsAr8KkDf0dr18hSdA6B%2F43DqvHJ5CNnumavDda3%2BeEb0%2FLRpp8ueiT53LisLIDbxv25ZPrb9f10q5CBz2Mm%2FCwFjvLRE8gTL4qxS%2F62ZWKIlm4Z2WjqaHRFJGViP4OY9r7qbXJqO2REKGA%3D%3D&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=494df27c5064be13904790bc65570751be0e74e1e9449dd980734d52825a4620 [Accessed: 17 June 2019].
Carstens, W. A. M. (1999). Text linguistics: Relevant linguistics? In I. Biermann & A. Combrink (Eds.), Poetics, linguistics and history: Discourses of war and conflict (pp. 588-595). South Africa: Oxford Text Archive. Retrieved from: https://www.pala.ac.uk/uploads/2/5/1/0/25105678/carstens.pdf
De Beaugrande, R. & Dressler, W. (1981). Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. Essex: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Intertextuality in critical discourse analysis. Linguistics and education, 4(3-4), 269-293.
Fairclough, N. (1995b). Media Discourse. London: Arnold.
French, J. R. & Ravem, B. (1959) The bases of social power. In J. M. Shafritz & J. S. Ott (Eds.), Classics of Organization Theory, 5th ed., pp. 319-328. Orlando, Fl.: Harcourt College Publishers.
Gee, J. P. (2011). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Gee, J. P. (2014a). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
Gee, J. P. (2014b). How to Do a Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Gordon, C. (2009). Making meaning, creating family: Intertextuality and framing in family interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Keep, C., McLaughlin, T., & Parmar, R. (2000). Intertextuality. Retrieved from http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0278.html [Accessed: 13 November 2018].
Ludewig, J. (2017). TED Talks as an emergent genre. CLCWEB-Comparative Literature and Culture, 19(1), 1-9. Retrieved from https://dspace.allegheny.edu/bitstream/handle/10456/42646/Ludewig_2017_CLCWeb_TED%20Talks.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Accessed: 6 September 2018].
McHoul, A. & Grace, W. (2002). A Foucault primer: Discourse, power, and the subject. London: Routledge.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman Group Limited.
Robinson, K. (2006, Feb.). Do schools kill creativity? Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity/up-next?referrer=playlist-the_most_popular_talks_of_all [Accessed: 9 December 2018].
Taher, M. D. (2016). Implicitness and intertextuality in media discourse: A Pragmatic-discourse study (MA thesis, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq).
TED. (n.d.a). Conferences. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/about/conferences [Accessed: 12 February 2019].
TED. (n.d.b). Our organization. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization [Accessed: 12 February 2019].
TED. (n.d.c). TED science standards. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-science-standards [Accessed: 12 February 2019].
Tenorio, E. H. (2011). Critical discourse analysis, an overview. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 10(1), 183-210. Retrieved from http://ub016045.ub.gu.se/ojs/index.php/njes/article/viewFile/658/609 [Accessed: 6 September 2018].
Theunissen, G. (2014). Analysis of the visual channel of communication in a corpus of TED Talks presentations. (Master's thesis, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium). Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/162/185/RUG01-002162185_2014_0001_AC.pdf [Accessed: 6 September 2018].
Trask, R. L. & Stockwell, P. (2007). Language and Linguistics: The key concepts (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and Power. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wang, W. (2006). Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia: A contrastive genre study (Doctoral thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney, Astralia). Retrieved from https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/1701/5/05chapter4.pdf [Accessed: 9 June 2019].
Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about: A summary of its history, important concepts and its development. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, pp. 1-13. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Published
2021-03-02
How to Cite
SARKISIAN, A. K. T., & AL-RUBAI’I, A. M. H. A. (2021). TYPES OF POWER IN INTERTEXTUALITY: SIR KEN ROBINSON’S TED TALK ’DO SCHOOLS KILL CREATIVITY?’ AS A SAMPLE. Journal of Duhok University, 23(2), 576-590. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2020.23.2.31
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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