BASEMENT FAULT REACTIVATION IN THE ZAKHO– SILOPI REGION, IRAQI KURDISTAN – TURKEY BORDER
Keywords:
Iraqi Kurdistan, Zagros fold-thrust belt, Reactivation,, Seismic lineaments
Abstract
The nature and orientation of underlying Late Precambrian basement structures, and their relationships to the seismic distribution and surface linear structures has provided a basis for studying the basement fault reactivation in the Zakho – Silopi region. This border region between Iraqi Kurdistan and Turkey is located in the north-eastern boundary of the Arabian plate and covers some parts of the Zagros fold-thrust belt as well as the high folded and foothill zones of Iraq. The Zakho – Silopi region is characterized by moderate-sized earthquakes of shallow-focus that caused mostly by the neotectonic reactivation of Late Precambrian thrust and strike-slip basement faults due to the on-going active continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia. Four potential NE- and NW-trending seismic lineaments were identified, based on the epicentral alignments of major earthquake and the orientation of nodal fault planes, to be the most seismically active basement faults in the Zakho - Silopi region. Any potential for the future damaging earthquakes throughout this region will be more likely associated with the reactivation of the basement faults along these active seismic lineaments. Therefore, a detailed seismic hazard assessment is recommended for the major cities and urban localities. The present-day stress-field orientation inferred from the inversion of fault plane solutions and lineament analysis indicates that the Zakho – Silopi region is undergoing a continuous state of nearly N-S (N05°E) compression. The trend analysis of lineament patterns and seismic lineaments reveals three dominant basement fault trends in the Zakho - Silopi region; roughly N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE. These basement faults were probably initiated in Late Precambrian as normal faults, and subsequently inverted into thrust faults with a significant strike-slip component, and reactivated continuously from Late Cretaceous to present-day.
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References
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Jackson, J.A., Fitch, T.J., and McKenzie, D.P. (1981). Active thrusting and the evolution of the Zagros fold belt. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 9, 371-379.
Jacobi, R.D. (2002). Basement faults and seismicity in the Appalachian basin of New York State. Tectonophysics 353, 75-113.
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Jassim, S.Z., and Goff, J.C. (2006). Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 341 p.
Kent, W.N. (2010). Structures of the Kirkuk embayment, northern lraq: Foreland structures or Zagros fold belt structures?. GeoArabia 15 (4), 147-188.
Ketin, I. (1966). Tectonic Units of Anatolia (Asia Minor). Bulletin of the Mineral Research Exploration, Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition 66, 23-34.
La Pointe, P.R., Cladouhos, T., and Follin, S. (1999). Calculation of displacements on fractures intersecting canisters induced by earthquakes: Aberg, Beberg and Ceberg examples. Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, SKB TR-99-03, 103 p.
Lattman, L.H. (1958). Technique of mapping geologic fracture traces and lineaments on aerial photographs: Photogrammetric Engineering 24 (4), 568-576.
Mandl, G. (2005). Rock joints, the mechanical genesis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 221 p.
McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., et al. (2000). Global positioning system constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (B3), 5695-5719.
McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., et al. (2003). GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophysical Journal International 155 (1), 126–138.
Medina, F., and El Alami, S.O. (2006). Focal Mechanisms and state of stress in the Al Hoceima area (Central Rif, Morocco). Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences de la Terre 28, 19-30.
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Published
2018-04-27
How to Cite
Doski, J. A. (2018). BASEMENT FAULT REACTIVATION IN THE ZAKHO– SILOPI REGION, IRAQI KURDISTAN – TURKEY BORDER. Journal of Duhok University, 20(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2017.20.1.3
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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