GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND COST OF GAIN OF AWASSI AND KARADI LAMBS SLAUGHTERED AT DIFFERENT WEIGHT
Keywords:
growth, slaughter weight, carcass traits, Awassi, Karadi, Lambs
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of slaughter weights on growth performance, carcass characteristics and cost of gain of Awassi and Karadi ram lambs. Fifteen male lambs from either Karadi or Awassi were randomly blocked by live weight into three different slaughter weight groups (30, 40 and 50kg). Each lamb was kept in individual pen and offered an iso energetic and iso nitrogenous concentrate diet ad libitum. Lambs were slaughtered once they reached a target weight.
Results reported the weight at slaughter increased for both breeds, there were significant reductions in average daily gain, bone percent, lean: fat ratio and increase in rib eye area, feed conversion ratio, fat tail weight and fat thickness. Moreover, Awassi lambs had a higher (p<0.01) dressing percentage 1 (49.41±0.32vs.47.69±0.66%) and 2 (58.32±0.45 vs. 56.06±0.51%), fat thickness (3.10±0.24 vs. 2.46±0.15mm) and loin percentage (8.74±0.11 vs. 8.11±0.07%) than Karadi lambs. In contrast, Karadi lambs had a higher (p<0.01) proportion of bone and lean: fat ratio and lower (p<0.01) proportion of fat than Awassi lambs. There was no significant differences in daily weight gains, rib eye area, the empty body weight, fat tail weight and shrinkage percent between breeds.
In conclusion, the optimal slaughter weight is 40kg for both Awassi and Karadi lambs and cost of gain of Awassi lambs was lower than Karadi lambs and from economic trends lambs slaughtered at 30kg had higher profit potential
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References
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Aksoy, A. R. (1995). Farkli kesim a$irliklarinda Morkaraman ve Tuj erkek kuzularinin besi performansi, kesim ve karkas 62;llikleri. Ankara Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg..42: l5- 23.(Citedby Balci and KarakaS,2007).
Aksoy, Y., and Ulutaş, Z. (2015). Effect of different slaughter weights on the slaughter and carcass traits of male Karayaka lambs reared under intensive production system. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(6), 406-412.
Al-Jaryan, L. J. A., Alkass, J. E., and Juma, K. H., (1995), “Slaughter weight, feeding level and their relation to some fattening and carcass characteristics in Awassi lambs, BEASTCD, 1989-8/98, AN, 971412932.
Alkass, J. E., and Juma, K. H., (2005), “Small Ruminant Breeds of Iraq, In: Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia and North Africa”, (Luis Iniquezeded) Vol. 1, West Asia, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria, 63-101.
Alkass, J. E., Juma, K. H., and Aldoori, T. S., (1985), “Studies on some economic characteristic in Awassi and Arabi sheep, II. Some fattening and carcass traits”, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod., XXI, 61-64.
Alkass, J. E., Tahir, M. A., Alrawi, A. A., and Badawi, F. S., (1987), “Performance of crossbred lambs raised under two different feeding regimes”, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod. , XXIII, 21-25.
AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2 vols. 15th ed. Washington, DC.
Balci, F., and Karakaş, E. (2007). The effect of different slaughter weights on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of male Karayaka lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(1), 25-31.
Bicer, O., Güney, O., and Pekel, E. (1995). Effect of slaughter weight on carcass characteristics of Awassi male lambs. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 8(1), 85-90.
Cameron, M. R., Luo, J., Sahlu, T., Hart, S. P., Coleman, S. W., and Goetsch, A. L. (2001). Growth and slaughter traits of Boer× Spanish, Boer× Angora, and Spanish goats consuming a concentrate-based diet. Journal of Animal Science, 79(6), 1423-1430.
Chant, J.L. (1977). The effects of sex, energy level and weight on growth, composition and quality of lamb. Dissert. Abs. Int., B. 38: 2445.
Cloete, J. J. E., Hoffman, L. C., Cloete, S. W. P., and Fourie, J. E. (2004). A comparison between the body composition, carcass characteristics and retail cuts of South African Mutton Merino and Dormer sheepe/p. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(1), 44-51.
Dancun, D.B.(1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F. Test, Biometric.11: 1- 42.
Das, A. K., Das, G., and Singh, N. P. (2008). Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Muzaffarnagari lambs at various stages under intensive and semi-intensive management. Indian J. Anim. Sci, 78(5), 541-546.
Dosky, K. N., Sulaiman, N. H., and Hidayet, H. M. (2014). Fattening and some carcass characteristics of Karadi lambs raised on concentrate or pasture. J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare, 4(11), 1-4.
Esenbuga, N., Macit, M., Karaoglu, M., Aksakal, V., Aksu, M. I., Yoruk, M. A., and Gul, M. (2009). Effect of breed on fattening performance, slaughter and meat quality characteristics of Awassi and Morkaraman lambs. Livestock Science, 123(2-3), 255-260.
Fahmy, M. H. (1997). Carcass composition in Romanov and crossbred male lambs from 10 to 34 weeks of age and its association with testosterone concentration. Small ruminant research, 26(3), 267-276.
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Fuquay, J. W., McSweeney, P. L., and Fox, P. F. (2011). Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. Academic Press.
Gizaw, S., Komen, H., van Arendonk, J.A.M., (2010). Participatory definition of breeding objectives and selection indexes for sheep breeding in traditional systems. Livestock Science 128, 67–74.
Gohler, H. (1989). Fattening performance and carcass composition of lambs fattened to different weights. Tierzucht, 43(7), 308-309.
Gootwine, E., Bor, A., Braw-Tal, R., & Zenou, A. (1993). Inheritance of birthweight and growth traits in crosses between the Booroola Merino and Assaf sheep breeds. Livestock Production Science, 33(1-2), 119-126.
Gürsoy, O., (2005). Small ruminant breeds of Turkey. In: Iniguez, L. (Ed.), Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia, North Africa, vol. 1, West Asia, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 239–416.
Gürsoy, O., Pekel, E., Özcan, L., Torun, O., and Timon, V. (1993). Comparisons of production traits of Ceylanpınar Awassi sheep with top producing ewes of national flocks in the GAP area. II. Growh performance, carcass traits. Doğa Tr. J. Vet. Anim. SCi, 17(1), 65-72.
Gürsoy, O., Pekel, E., Özcan, L., Torun, O., Timon, V., (1992). Genetic selection for milk yield in Awassi sheep. I. Reproduction, lactation. Do˘ga Tr. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 16 (3), 535–546.7(2), 173-188.
Gürsu, G., and Aygün, T. (2014). Some characteristics of milk yield in Awassi ewes maintained at village conditions. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies Vol, 1(1).
Hailat, N., (2005). Small ruminant breeds of Jordan. In: Iniguez, L. (Ed.), Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia, North Africa, vol. 1. West Asia, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 30–61.
Hale, D. S., and Griffin, D. B. (1992). Merchandising the meat from goats: Palatability, cutability, and nutrient profile. In proc. Int. conf. on Meat Goat Production, Management and Marketing. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta., Texas AandM University, College station (pp. 76-84).
Hashem, A. L. S., Shaker, Y. M., Abdel-Fattah, M. S., and Ellamei, A. Z. (2013). Effect of weaning age on growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(7), 975-982.
Held, J. (1999). Lamb Growth Efficiency and Optimum Finished Weight. Animal Sceince, Report South Dakota, State University.
Hopkins, D. L., and Fogarty, N. M. (1998). Diverse lamb genotypes—1. Yield of saleable cuts and meat in the carcass and the prediction of yield. Meat Science, 49(4), 459-475.
Jawasreh, K. I., Al-Amareen, A. H., and Aad, P. Y. (2019). Growth performance and meat characteristics of the first filial Awassi-Rambouillet callipyge ram lambs. Veterinary World, 12(6), 783.
Jeremiah, L.E., Jones, S.D.M., Tong, A.K.W., Robertson, W.M., Gibson, L.L. (1997). The influence of lamb chronological age, slaughter weight and gender on yield and cutability. Sheep Goat Res. J. 13: 39-49.
Juma, K. H, and Alkass, J. E., (2000), “Sheep in Iraq”, ACSAD, AS, P232, 2000, ACSAD, Damascus, Syria.
Kashan, N. E. J., Azar, G. M., Afzalzadeh, A., and Salehi, A. (2005). Growth performance and carcass quality of fattening lambs from fat-tailed and tailed sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 60(3), 267-271.
Kemp, J. D., Mahyuddin, M., Ely, D. G., Fox, J. D., and Moody, W. C. (1981). Effect ol t'eeding systems, siaughter weight and sex on organoleptic propefties and thtty acid conrposition of lamb. J. Anim. Sci. 51:321.(Abstr).
Lambuth, T. R., Kemp, J. D., and Glimp, H. A. (1970). Effect of rate of gain and slaughter weight on lamb carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science, 30(1), 27-35.
Lloyd, W. R., Slyter, A. L., and Costello, W. J. (1980). Effect of breed, sex and final weight on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and meat palatability of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 51(2), 316-320.
Macit, M., Esenbuga, N., and Karaoglu, M. (2002). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs grazed on pasture and supported with concentrate. Small Ruminant
Mason, I. L. (1967). Sheep breeds of the Mediterranean. Sheep breeds of the Mediterranean.
Mtimet, N., Baker, D., Audho, J., Oyieng, E., Ojango, J., (2014). Assessing Sheep Traders’ Preferences in Kenya: A Best-worst Experiment from Kajiado County.Procedia 1, 63–73.
Nakev, S., Marinova, P., Boikovski, S., and Grigorov, I. (1987). Fattening performance of lambs fattened to different slaughter weights 3. Caucasian sheep in Bulgaria. BEASTCD, 1973, 1982.
Official Iraq Ministry of Agriculture. (2009). Persistent Animal Feed Shortage Taxes Livestock Producers, Baghdad, Iraq. USDA foreign agriculture services.
Oramari, R. A., Alkass, J. E., and Mahmud, K. I. (2014). A comparative study on growth, carcass traits and tissue distribution of Awassi and Hamdani lambs. J. Biol. Agri. And Heal, 4, 36-43.
Pálsson, H., and Verges, J. B. (1952). Effects of the plane of nutrition on growth and the development of carcass quality in lambs part I. The effects of high and low planes of nutrition at different ages. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(1-2), 1-92.
Polidori, P., Pucciarelli, S., Cammertoni, N., Polzonetti, V., and Vincenzetti, S. (2017). The effects of slaughter age on carcass and meat quality of Fabrianese lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 155, 12-15.
Prasad, V. S. S., & Sinha, N. K. (1992). Carcass and non-carcass traits of Muzaffarnagri lambs at different maturity levels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 62(2), 159-164.
Rajkumar, V., and Agnihotri, M. K. (2005). Carcass and meat quality attributes of Muzaffarnagari lambs reared under intensive and semi-intensive management system. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 75(10), 1196.
Rajkumar, V., Dass, G., Verma, A. K., and Das, A. K. (2014). Slaughter weight effect on carcass and meat quality of Muzaffarnagari lambs in intensive production system. Indian J. Anim. Sci, 84(5), 569-574.
Rashid, N. H., Alkass, J. E., Aldorri, A. A., and Alwan, L. H., (1987), “Growth rate, offals and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs slaughtered at different weights”, J. Agric. Water Reso. Res., 6, 27-40.Research, 44(3), 241-246.
Ríos, F. G., Gómez-Vázquez, A., Pinos-Rodríguez, J. M., García-López, J. C., Estrada-Angulo, A., Hernández-Bautista, J., and Portillo, J. J. (2011). Effect of breed on performance and carcass characteristics of Mexican hair sheep. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41(3), 276-279.
Rodríguez, A. B., Bodas, R., Landa, R., López-Campos, Ó., Mantecón, A. R., and Giráldez, F. J. (2011). Animal performance, carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and Merino× Assaf growing lambs. Livestock Science, 138(1-3), 13-19.
SAS/ STAT. (2002). User’s Guide for Personal Computers. Release 6.12 SAS. Institute Inc., Cary, NC.U.S.A.
Sefdeen, S. M., and Alkass, J. E. (2009). Effect of castration and slaughter weight on some fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Karadi lambs. J. Duhok Univ, 12, 95-101.
Sen, A. R., Santra, A., & Karim, S. A. (2004). Carcass yield, composition and meat quality attributes of sheep and goat under semiarid conditions. Meat science, 66(4), 757-763.
Sents, A. E., Walters, L. E., and Whiteman, J. V. (1982). Performance and carcass characteristics of ram lambs slaughtered at different weights. Journal of Animal Science, 55(6), 1360-1369.
Shelton, M., and Carpenter, Z. L. (1972). Influence of sex, stilbestrol treatment and slaughter weight on performance and carcass traits of slaughter lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 34(2), 203-207.
Shukor, E. V. (1989). A comparative study for some growth characteristics of Karadi and Hamdani sheep. MS. thesis. College of agriculture and forestry. University of Mosul. in Arabic
Snowder, G. D., Glimp, H. A., and Field, R. A. (1994). Carcass characteristics and optimal slaughter weights in four breeds of sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 72(4), 932-937.
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Aksoy, Y., and Ulutaş, Z. (2015). Effect of different slaughter weights on the slaughter and carcass traits of male Karayaka lambs reared under intensive production system. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(6), 406-412.
Al-Jaryan, L. J. A., Alkass, J. E., and Juma, K. H., (1995), “Slaughter weight, feeding level and their relation to some fattening and carcass characteristics in Awassi lambs, BEASTCD, 1989-8/98, AN, 971412932.
Alkass, J. E., and Juma, K. H., (2005), “Small Ruminant Breeds of Iraq, In: Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia and North Africa”, (Luis Iniquezeded) Vol. 1, West Asia, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria, 63-101.
Alkass, J. E., Juma, K. H., and Aldoori, T. S., (1985), “Studies on some economic characteristic in Awassi and Arabi sheep, II. Some fattening and carcass traits”, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod., XXI, 61-64.
Alkass, J. E., Tahir, M. A., Alrawi, A. A., and Badawi, F. S., (1987), “Performance of crossbred lambs raised under two different feeding regimes”, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod. , XXIII, 21-25.
AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2 vols. 15th ed. Washington, DC.
Balci, F., and Karakaş, E. (2007). The effect of different slaughter weights on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of male Karayaka lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(1), 25-31.
Bicer, O., Güney, O., and Pekel, E. (1995). Effect of slaughter weight on carcass characteristics of Awassi male lambs. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 8(1), 85-90.
Cameron, M. R., Luo, J., Sahlu, T., Hart, S. P., Coleman, S. W., and Goetsch, A. L. (2001). Growth and slaughter traits of Boer× Spanish, Boer× Angora, and Spanish goats consuming a concentrate-based diet. Journal of Animal Science, 79(6), 1423-1430.
Chant, J.L. (1977). The effects of sex, energy level and weight on growth, composition and quality of lamb. Dissert. Abs. Int., B. 38: 2445.
Cloete, J. J. E., Hoffman, L. C., Cloete, S. W. P., and Fourie, J. E. (2004). A comparison between the body composition, carcass characteristics and retail cuts of South African Mutton Merino and Dormer sheepe/p. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(1), 44-51.
Dancun, D.B.(1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F. Test, Biometric.11: 1- 42.
Das, A. K., Das, G., and Singh, N. P. (2008). Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Muzaffarnagari lambs at various stages under intensive and semi-intensive management. Indian J. Anim. Sci, 78(5), 541-546.
Dosky, K. N., Sulaiman, N. H., and Hidayet, H. M. (2014). Fattening and some carcass characteristics of Karadi lambs raised on concentrate or pasture. J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare, 4(11), 1-4.
Esenbuga, N., Macit, M., Karaoglu, M., Aksakal, V., Aksu, M. I., Yoruk, M. A., and Gul, M. (2009). Effect of breed on fattening performance, slaughter and meat quality characteristics of Awassi and Morkaraman lambs. Livestock Science, 123(2-3), 255-260.
Fahmy, M. H. (1997). Carcass composition in Romanov and crossbred male lambs from 10 to 34 weeks of age and its association with testosterone concentration. Small ruminant research, 26(3), 267-276.
Fahmy, M.H., Shrestha, J.N.B., (2001). Sheep breeds. In: Roginski, Fox, Fuquay (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Dairy Sciences (Sheep Breeds). Academic Press, UK, pp. 598–612, 2002.
Fuquay, J. W., McSweeney, P. L., and Fox, P. F. (2011). Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. Academic Press.
Gizaw, S., Komen, H., van Arendonk, J.A.M., (2010). Participatory definition of breeding objectives and selection indexes for sheep breeding in traditional systems. Livestock Science 128, 67–74.
Gohler, H. (1989). Fattening performance and carcass composition of lambs fattened to different weights. Tierzucht, 43(7), 308-309.
Gootwine, E., Bor, A., Braw-Tal, R., & Zenou, A. (1993). Inheritance of birthweight and growth traits in crosses between the Booroola Merino and Assaf sheep breeds. Livestock Production Science, 33(1-2), 119-126.
Gürsoy, O., (2005). Small ruminant breeds of Turkey. In: Iniguez, L. (Ed.), Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia, North Africa, vol. 1, West Asia, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 239–416.
Gürsoy, O., Pekel, E., Özcan, L., Torun, O., and Timon, V. (1993). Comparisons of production traits of Ceylanpınar Awassi sheep with top producing ewes of national flocks in the GAP area. II. Growh performance, carcass traits. Doğa Tr. J. Vet. Anim. SCi, 17(1), 65-72.
Gürsoy, O., Pekel, E., Özcan, L., Torun, O., Timon, V., (1992). Genetic selection for milk yield in Awassi sheep. I. Reproduction, lactation. Do˘ga Tr. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 16 (3), 535–546.7(2), 173-188.
Gürsu, G., and Aygün, T. (2014). Some characteristics of milk yield in Awassi ewes maintained at village conditions. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies Vol, 1(1).
Hailat, N., (2005). Small ruminant breeds of Jordan. In: Iniguez, L. (Ed.), Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia, North Africa, vol. 1. West Asia, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 30–61.
Hale, D. S., and Griffin, D. B. (1992). Merchandising the meat from goats: Palatability, cutability, and nutrient profile. In proc. Int. conf. on Meat Goat Production, Management and Marketing. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta., Texas AandM University, College station (pp. 76-84).
Hashem, A. L. S., Shaker, Y. M., Abdel-Fattah, M. S., and Ellamei, A. Z. (2013). Effect of weaning age on growth performance and carcass traits of Barki lambs in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(7), 975-982.
Held, J. (1999). Lamb Growth Efficiency and Optimum Finished Weight. Animal Sceince, Report South Dakota, State University.
Hopkins, D. L., and Fogarty, N. M. (1998). Diverse lamb genotypes—1. Yield of saleable cuts and meat in the carcass and the prediction of yield. Meat Science, 49(4), 459-475.
Jawasreh, K. I., Al-Amareen, A. H., and Aad, P. Y. (2019). Growth performance and meat characteristics of the first filial Awassi-Rambouillet callipyge ram lambs. Veterinary World, 12(6), 783.
Jeremiah, L.E., Jones, S.D.M., Tong, A.K.W., Robertson, W.M., Gibson, L.L. (1997). The influence of lamb chronological age, slaughter weight and gender on yield and cutability. Sheep Goat Res. J. 13: 39-49.
Juma, K. H, and Alkass, J. E., (2000), “Sheep in Iraq”, ACSAD, AS, P232, 2000, ACSAD, Damascus, Syria.
Kashan, N. E. J., Azar, G. M., Afzalzadeh, A., and Salehi, A. (2005). Growth performance and carcass quality of fattening lambs from fat-tailed and tailed sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research, 60(3), 267-271.
Kemp, J. D., Mahyuddin, M., Ely, D. G., Fox, J. D., and Moody, W. C. (1981). Effect ol t'eeding systems, siaughter weight and sex on organoleptic propefties and thtty acid conrposition of lamb. J. Anim. Sci. 51:321.(Abstr).
Lambuth, T. R., Kemp, J. D., and Glimp, H. A. (1970). Effect of rate of gain and slaughter weight on lamb carcass composition. Journal of Animal Science, 30(1), 27-35.
Lloyd, W. R., Slyter, A. L., and Costello, W. J. (1980). Effect of breed, sex and final weight on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and meat palatability of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 51(2), 316-320.
Macit, M., Esenbuga, N., and Karaoglu, M. (2002). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin lambs grazed on pasture and supported with concentrate. Small Ruminant
Mason, I. L. (1967). Sheep breeds of the Mediterranean. Sheep breeds of the Mediterranean.
Mtimet, N., Baker, D., Audho, J., Oyieng, E., Ojango, J., (2014). Assessing Sheep Traders’ Preferences in Kenya: A Best-worst Experiment from Kajiado County.Procedia 1, 63–73.
Nakev, S., Marinova, P., Boikovski, S., and Grigorov, I. (1987). Fattening performance of lambs fattened to different slaughter weights 3. Caucasian sheep in Bulgaria. BEASTCD, 1973, 1982.
Official Iraq Ministry of Agriculture. (2009). Persistent Animal Feed Shortage Taxes Livestock Producers, Baghdad, Iraq. USDA foreign agriculture services.
Oramari, R. A., Alkass, J. E., and Mahmud, K. I. (2014). A comparative study on growth, carcass traits and tissue distribution of Awassi and Hamdani lambs. J. Biol. Agri. And Heal, 4, 36-43.
Pálsson, H., and Verges, J. B. (1952). Effects of the plane of nutrition on growth and the development of carcass quality in lambs part I. The effects of high and low planes of nutrition at different ages. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 42(1-2), 1-92.
Polidori, P., Pucciarelli, S., Cammertoni, N., Polzonetti, V., and Vincenzetti, S. (2017). The effects of slaughter age on carcass and meat quality of Fabrianese lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 155, 12-15.
Prasad, V. S. S., & Sinha, N. K. (1992). Carcass and non-carcass traits of Muzaffarnagri lambs at different maturity levels. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 62(2), 159-164.
Rajkumar, V., and Agnihotri, M. K. (2005). Carcass and meat quality attributes of Muzaffarnagari lambs reared under intensive and semi-intensive management system. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 75(10), 1196.
Rajkumar, V., Dass, G., Verma, A. K., and Das, A. K. (2014). Slaughter weight effect on carcass and meat quality of Muzaffarnagari lambs in intensive production system. Indian J. Anim. Sci, 84(5), 569-574.
Rashid, N. H., Alkass, J. E., Aldorri, A. A., and Alwan, L. H., (1987), “Growth rate, offals and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs slaughtered at different weights”, J. Agric. Water Reso. Res., 6, 27-40.Research, 44(3), 241-246.
Ríos, F. G., Gómez-Vázquez, A., Pinos-Rodríguez, J. M., García-López, J. C., Estrada-Angulo, A., Hernández-Bautista, J., and Portillo, J. J. (2011). Effect of breed on performance and carcass characteristics of Mexican hair sheep. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41(3), 276-279.
Rodríguez, A. B., Bodas, R., Landa, R., López-Campos, Ó., Mantecón, A. R., and Giráldez, F. J. (2011). Animal performance, carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and Merino× Assaf growing lambs. Livestock Science, 138(1-3), 13-19.
SAS/ STAT. (2002). User’s Guide for Personal Computers. Release 6.12 SAS. Institute Inc., Cary, NC.U.S.A.
Sefdeen, S. M., and Alkass, J. E. (2009). Effect of castration and slaughter weight on some fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Karadi lambs. J. Duhok Univ, 12, 95-101.
Sen, A. R., Santra, A., & Karim, S. A. (2004). Carcass yield, composition and meat quality attributes of sheep and goat under semiarid conditions. Meat science, 66(4), 757-763.
Sents, A. E., Walters, L. E., and Whiteman, J. V. (1982). Performance and carcass characteristics of ram lambs slaughtered at different weights. Journal of Animal Science, 55(6), 1360-1369.
Shelton, M., and Carpenter, Z. L. (1972). Influence of sex, stilbestrol treatment and slaughter weight on performance and carcass traits of slaughter lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 34(2), 203-207.
Shukor, E. V. (1989). A comparative study for some growth characteristics of Karadi and Hamdani sheep. MS. thesis. College of agriculture and forestry. University of Mosul. in Arabic
Snowder, G. D., Glimp, H. A., and Field, R. A. (1994). Carcass characteristics and optimal slaughter weights in four breeds of sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 72(4), 932-937.
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Published
2021-11-16
How to Cite
KHALAF , F. M., & ORAY, K. A. D. (2021). GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND COST OF GAIN OF AWASSI AND KARADI LAMBS SLAUGHTERED AT DIFFERENT WEIGHT. Journal of Duhok University, 24(2), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2021.24.2.13
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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