EFFECT OF TOPPING, HUMIC ACID, MULCHING COLOR AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF OKRA

GHURBAT HASSAN MOHAMMED; ABDULJEBBAR IHSAN SAEID

doi:10.26682/avuod.2017.20.1.7

GHURBAT HASSAN MOHAMMED Dept. Of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region –Iraq.
ABDULJEBBAR IHSAN SAEID Dept. Of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region –Iraq.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2017.20.1.7

Keywords: okra plants

Abstract

This study was carried out during 2016 growing season at the vegetative research farm of the College of Agriculture, Duhok University, Kurdistan region on okra plants, to study the effect of topping (after 4 leaves and 7 leaves), three levels of humic acid (0, 20 and 40 m.l-¹) and four mulching color (without mulch, black mulch, clear mulch and blue mulch) on okra (Clemson). The results showed that topping after 7 leaves significantly increased branch numbers, leaf area and dry pod . Humic acid at 40 m.l^-1 significantly increased leaf area, dry pod and seed weight, while humic acid at concentration 20 m.l^-1 increased number of seeds. Mulching significantly enhanced all studied traits. The interactions between topping after 7 leaves and 20 m.l^-1humic acid significantly increased brunch number, leaf area and seed number. The dual interaction between a topping after 7 leaves and clear mulch significantly enhanced brunch numbers, leaf area and dry pod. And the interactions between humic acid and mulching significantly increased most characteristics. The interactions between topping, humic acid and mulching caused positive significant differences in all vegetative and seed characteristics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

 Adekalu, K.O.; L.A.O. Ogunjimi; F.O. Olaosebikan and S.O. Afolayan, (2008). Response of okra to irrigationand mulching. Int. J. Veg. Sci., 14: 339–350
 Aniekwe, N.L. (2002). Effect of grass as black plastic mulches on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench in Abakiliki, SouthEast, Nigeria. Proceeding of the 20th Annual Conference of the Horticultural Society of Nigeria (HORTSON) held at the National Horticultural Institute for Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria, May 14-17th, 2002 pg. 46-47.
 Atif Y. Mahadeen (2014). Effect of Polyethylene black plastic mulch on growth and yield of tow summer vegetable crops under rain-fed conditions under semi-fed region conditions. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9 (2): 202-207
 Chen, Y.; C.E. Clapp and H. Magen, (2004). Mechanisms of plant growth stimulation by humic substances: The role of organo-iron complexes. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 50: 1089-1095.
 Elayaraja, D.;Vetrisel K. and Dhanasekaran (2010). Effect of NPK levels and different Humic acid formulation on the growth, yield and nutrients uptake by bhendi. international research journal of chemistry(IRJC) page 19-28
 El-Nemr, M.A.; El- Desuki M.; El- Bassiony A.M and Fawzi Z.F. (2012). Response of growth and yield of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) to different foliar application of humic acid and bio- stimulators. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6 (3): 630- 637.
 Gujar, K.D. & Srivastava, V.K.(1972). Effect of maleic hydrazide and apical nipping on okra. Indian. J. Hort 29(1), 86-88 .
 Jhon, A. Q and T.M. Paul. (1995). Influence of spacing and pinching treatments on growth and flower production in chrysanthemum (Chrysamthemummorifoliumcv. Flirt). Progressive Hort., 27(1-2): 57 – 61.
 Jimenez L. I.; Lira-Saldivar R. H.; Valdez-Aguilar L. A. and Del Rio J. L. (2011). Colord plastic mulches affect soil temperature and tuber production of potato. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B- Soil and plant Science 61(4):365-371.
 Kapoor P. (2012). Effect of Polythene studies in sweed pepper (Capsicum annum L.). M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Karnataka (India).
 Karakurt, Y.; H. Unlu and H. Padem (2009). The influence of foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid on yield and quality of pepper. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica Section B Plant Soil Science 59 (3): 233- 237. 5.
 Kaya M, Atak M, Ciftci CY, Unver S (2005). Effects of zinc and humic acid applications on yield and some yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Süleyman Demirel University J. Graduate School Natural Appl. Sci., 9(3), (in Turkish with English abstracts).
 Kirn A, Kashif SR, Yaseen M (2010). Using indigenous Humic from lignite to increase growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Soil Environ., 29(2): 187-191.
 Kittock, D.L. & Fry, K.E. (1977). Effect of topping pima cotton on pod yield and boll retention. Agron.J. 69(1), 65.
 Naveed, A., Khan, A.A., & Khan, I.A.( 2009). Generation mean analysis of water stress tolerance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Pak. J. Bot., 41: 195-205.
 Olasantan F.O. and Salau A.W. (2008). Effect of pruning on growth, leaf yield and pod yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 146: 93-102.
 Omer, E.A., Khattab, M.E. & Ibrahim, M.E. (1997). Effect of pinching and foliar application of some growth regulators on two new early mature varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Egypt J. Hort. 24, pp. 117-130.
 Omotosho, S. O. and Shittu, O.S. (2007). Effect of NPK fertilizer rates and method of application on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Research Journal of Agronomy 1(2):84-87.
 Parmar, H.N., N.D. Polara and R.R. Viradiya, (2013). Effect of mulching material on growth, yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thunb) Cv. Kiran. Univ. J. Agric. Res., 1: 30-37. DOI:10.13189/ujar.2013.010203
 Sajjan, A.S.; Shekaragouda, M. and Badanu V.P. (2002). Influence of apical pinching and pod picking on growth and seed yield of okra . Karnataka J. of Agric. Sci. 15 (2), 367-372 (India).
 Saruhan V, Kusvuran A, Babat S, (2011). The effect of different humic acid fertilization on yield and yield components performances of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L). Sci Res & Essays 6(3): 663-669
 SAS, SAS/STAT (2001). “User's Guide for Personal Computer”.Release 6.12. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC., U S A.
 Singh J.; Singh N.; Malik Y. S.; Nehra B. K.; Mehla C. P.; Singh J. and Singh N. (2002). Effects of spacing and pruning on seed crops of okra. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Science 31(1-2): 113-115.
 Stumpe, H.; Graz J.; Schliephake W.; Wittenmayer L. and Merbach W. (2000). Effect of humus content farmyard manuring and mineral N fertilization on yield and soil properties in a long term trial. J. Plant Nut. Soil Sci. 163 (6): 657- 662.
 Sudarshan, J.S. 2004. Influence of apical bud pinching, chemical spray and physiological maturity on seed yield and quality of fenugreek. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci., Dharwad.
 Vasudevan, S.N.; J.S. Sudarshan; M.B. Kurdikeri and P.R. Dharmatti. (2008). Influence of pinching of apical bud and chemical sprays on seed yield and quality of fenugreek. Karnataka. J. Agric. Sci., 21 (1): 26-29.
 Venkata reddy, D. M.; Bhat, P. Chandra Shekara and Chandrashekara, R. (1997). Effect of apical pinching and fruit thinning on yield and seed quality in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Seeds Research, 25(1) : 41 – 44.