COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH TO COLLECTION OF ORAL HISTORY FOR DOCUMENTATION OF KELAAKRÈ, AN ANCIENT CITADEL IN KURDISTAN
Keywords:
Oral history, , Kela Akrè, ancient citadel , Kurdistan, community based approach, cultural heritage
Abstract
Many archaeological sites particularly in the mountainous areas of Kurdistan Region of Iraq have limited archaeological documentary records despite their historic significance. Among these is KelaAkrè, a local term for an ancient rocky hillfort dating back to the Assyrian Empire period. This pilot study aimed to document the history of Kela Akrè and its connection to the lower historical Akre town through collection of oral history from the local people in an attempt to establish a historical background research for this monument. Rare availability of literature about this site necessitates collection of oral history from the living memories especially of the elderly local people who have witnessed or remember the past events. Two approaches of oral history interviewing (rifle and shotgun) were used for collection of rich historical information that will serve as a helpful tool for documenting KelaAkrè. Narratives about this site and the historical Akre town explored not only the physical structures but also their functions and uses in addition to the relationships among the existing historical monuments. The community-based approach to collection of oral history about Kela Akrè has proved to be instrumental in compiling useful information that can be documented for future documentation purpose
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References
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Akrei, F. A. (1999).Akre Tourist Guide (1st ed.). Erbil: Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism, Kurdistan Regional Government.
Al San'ani, M. B. I. (1987). Subel Alsalam Shareh Belugh Almaram. Part 4. Review: Alkhawli, Mohammed Abdulaziz. Beirut: Dar Aljeel.
Al Sayegh, S. (1928). History of Mosul. Beirut: Al-Salafiyah Printhouse
Al-Badlisi, S. (2007). Sharafname (2nd ed.). Translated by Mala Jameel Alrudjbayani. Baghdad: Almada
Al-Hamawi, Y. B. (1957). Encyclopedia of Countries (1st ed.). Beirut: Sadir Publishing. pp. 104106.
Rawoof, I. A. (2006). Voyage of Kurdish Taha Balistani to Iraq, Levant, Anatolian, Egypt, and Hejaz. Erbil: Mukiryani Establishment for Research and Publication
Niebuhr, C. (1792). Travels through Arabia and Other Countries in the East. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son.
Caunce, S. (1994). Oral History and the Local Historian. London: Longman.
Eroğlu, C., Babuçoğlu, M., and Özdil, O. (5thed.) (2012). Mosul in the Ottoman Vilâyet Salnâmes. Translated by İldan, Ümit. Ankara: ORSAM (Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies). ISBN: 978-605-5330-94-1.
Fraser, J. B. (1964). Voyage of Fraser to Baghdad in 1834. Translated into Arabic by Al-Khayat, J. Baghdad: Ma’Aref Printhouse.
History of Kurdish (2018). History of Akre city. Retrieved December 5, 2020, from
https://www.historyofkurdish.com/archives/1173
Jabo, Y. (2013). Analytical study: Mosul counties and biographies in Qalaa'id Al-Juman by Ibn Al-Sha'aar Al-Mousilli (654 H/1256 A.D.). Mosoloiya Studies, 39, 1-44. ISSN: 18158854.
Judith, M. (1993). Step-by-Step Guide to Oral History. Retrieved August 14, 2021, from https://dohistory.org/on_your_own/toolkit/oralHistory.html
Kaki, H. (2011). Kurdistan and Kurdish Nation. Baghdad: Ministry of Culture.
http://www.gilgamish.org/docs/kurdistan_and_kurdish.doc
Khalil, I. (1985). Imadedin Al-Zengi. Mosul: Dar Ibn Al-Atheer.
Koliński, R. (2013a). Report on the field activities of the Upper Greater Zab Archaeological Reconnaissance Project in year 2013. Adam Mickiewicz University. Retrieved December 2, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/4914222/UGZAR_Report_2013
Koliński, R. (2013b). UGZAR Project: Catalogue of the sites. Sectors A1-A4, B1-B5, C1-C5. Retrieved
December 2, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/5709670/UGZAR_The_site_catalogue_2013_part_1_Sectors_A1_C5
Koliński, R. (2014). Report on the field activities of the Upper Greater Zab Archaeological Reconnaissance Project for the 2014 season. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://archeo.amu.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/116177/UGZAR-Report-2014cor.pdf Layard, A. H. (1920). Nineveh and Babylon. New York: Auburn Seminary Library.
Lombardi, A., Mohammed, J., and Abdulkareem, S. (2015). Applying Geographical Information System for Documenting and Managing Iraqi Archaeological Heritage: The Case Study of Akre in Kurdistan. Proceedings of La Scuola di Pitagora: International Forum, Le vie dei Mercanti, Mind, Knowledge, Experience (pp. 1748-1757). Aversa-Capri, Napoli, 11-12-13 June 2015. ISBN 9788865424162.
Mahdi, S. (1986). Scientific series. Baghdad: Hilhal Office and House.
Marcus, B. (2008). Oral History and the Documentation of Historic Sites: Recording Sense of Place. Proceedings of the 16th ICOMOS General Assembly and International Symposium:
‘Finding the spirit of place – between the tangible and the intangible’, 29 sept – 4 oct 2008, Quebec, Canada. http://www.international.icomos.org/quebec2008/cd/toindex/77_pdf/77-auDd-142.pdf
Mary, B. (1982). A History of Zoroastrianism (2nd ed.) (Handbuch der Orientalistik Series). Leiden, Holland: Brill. Repr. 1996 as "A History of Zoroastrianism: Vol 2, Under the Achaemenians"
Moss, W. and Mazikana, P. (1986). Archives, oral history, and oral tradition: a RAMP study. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)
Neely, J. A. (2011). Sasanian period drop-tower gristmills on the Deh Luran Plain, southwestern Iran. Journal of Field Archaeology, 36, 232-254.
Nevins, A. (1938). The Gateway to History. Boston: Appleton-Century
“Oil Search” (2014). Kurdistan Investor Field Trip: Kurdistan Region Overview. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from http://www.oilsearch.com/data/assets/pdf_file/0014/2291/1403-Kurdistan-InvestorField-Trip-Final-e8d29958-ced7-4b03-a220-470bbc7210ef-0.pdf
Portelli, A. (1991). The Death of Luigi Trastulli, and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral History. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Reed, P. S. (1982). Documentation of Historic Structures. In Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, 14, 19-22.
Rich, C. (2014). Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan, and on the Site of Ancient Nineveh: With Journal of a Voyage down the Tigris to Bagdad and an Account of a Visit to Shirauz and Persepolis (Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139923408
Shakir, F. (1957). Akre. Hewa Journal. 3
Shengo, R. (2013). UNESCO and Akre archaeological sites. Sipa Cultural Magazine, 41
Shukri, J. (2008). Akre in the royal period (1921-1958). Duhok: Spirez printhouse
Thompson, P. R. (1988). The Voice of the Past: Oral History. New York: Oxford University Press
Wigram, W. A., and Wigram, E. T. A. (1922). The Cradle of Mankind. Life in Eastern Kurdistan. London: Adam and Charles Black
Worthington, J. (2003). Preservation of oral sources: An analysis of the methods employed by the Sinomlando Project, University of Natal, for the preservation of oral sources. S.A. Archives
Zebari, M. (2013). Geometry and evolution of fold structures within the high folded zone: Zagros foldthrust belt, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved December 16, 2020, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geoscidiss/41
Published
2022-05-19
How to Cite
MOHAMMED , J. A., & JAMAL, A. (2022). COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH TO COLLECTION OF ORAL HISTORY FOR DOCUMENTATION OF KELAAKRÈ, AN ANCIENT CITADEL IN KURDISTAN . Journal of Duhok University, 25(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2022.25.1.1
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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