EFFECT OF MULCHING AND LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT ON GROWTH OF TWO BROCCOLI CULTIVARS (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. ITALICA.)
Keywords:
Cultivars, Mulching, Licorice root extract, Broccoli
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivars, mulching, foliar application of licorice root extract, on broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea var. italica). The findings demonstrated that both cultivars Wisdom and Agassi have significant differences in terms of vegetative growth characters, All studied traits in both cultivars were significantly increased by the wisdom cultivar during the study seasons. It was also observed that plastic mulch significantly increased all investigated traits in both cultivars. The interactions between licorice root extract and straw were marked by the elevation of most detected traits. Black plastic mulch significantly impacted most measures, whereas 18g.L-1 and black plastic mulch together produced the greatest overall result in all vegetative growth parameters (Number of leaf. plant-1, plant high (cm), stem length (cm) , branch number. Plant-1 and chlorophyll contents (SPAD). Regarding nutrients contents, significant differences were showed. The combination among three factures was significant enhanced all studied traits
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References
REFERENCES
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-Abdel–Moniam S., Khalel Elias, K. and Hado, T. (2011).The effect of applaying extract of garlic, liquoric root and algaren on growth and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). 5th Scientific Conference of College of Agriculture -Tikrit University from 27 to 28 April 2011
-AL-Marsoumi H. G. K.,(1999).Effect of some factors in recipes vegetative growth and flowering and holds seed in three varieties of onion (Allium cepaL.), Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
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-Arshad A., Y, & Ahmed S., J., (2017). Interaction effect of planting date and foliar application on some vegetative growth characters and yield of broccoli (Brassica olerasea var italica) grown under unheated plastic tunnel. In 5th International conference on Basic science. DOI:10.24271/garmian.151
-Awodoyin R.O., Ogbeide F.I., Oluwole O. (2007): Effects of three mulch types on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and weed suppression in Ibadan, rainforest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria. Tropical Agricultural Re¬search and Extension, 10: 53–60.
-Capsicum frutescens L. production. Emirate Journal of Agricultural Science. 17(10):10-22. Chege, C. G. (2017). Plant variety protection.
-Björkman T., Pearson K.J. (1998): High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 101–106.
-Chalker-Scott L. (2007). Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment—a review. J Environ Hortic; 25: 239.
-Choudhary S. K. (2011). Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.) to Fertility levels and mulching. MSc. Thisis Department of Agronomys K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303329. http://14.139.51.37/centrallibrary/admin/book/bbef5c931dsk_choudhary.pdf
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EP APPROVES FPR: A GIANT LEAP FOR BIOSTIMULANTS Available online: http://www.biostimulants.eu/2019/03/ep-approves-fpr-a-giant-leap-for-biostimulants.
Fabek, S., Toth, N., Redovnikovic, I.R., Custic, M.H., Benko, B. & Zutic, I. (2012). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate accumulation, and the content of minerals and glucosinolates in broccoli cultivars. Food Technology Biotechnology. 50(2) : 183-186. https://hrcak.srce.hr/83860
Feldman R.S., Holmes C.E., Blomgren T.A. (2000): Use of fabric and compost mulches for vegetable production in a low till¬age, permanent bed system: Effects on crop yield and labor. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15: 146–153.
-Gleason ML, Iles JK.(1998). Mulch matters: The proper use of organic mulch offers numerous benefits for your woody landscape plants. Am Nurseryman.; 187: 24−31.
Greenly KM, Rakow DA.(1998). The effect of wood mulch type and depth on weed and tree growth and certain soil parameters. J Arboric. 1995; 21: 225–225.
-Hamadah, M. M., Saad, A. M., & Ahmad, F. R. (2012). Effect of the treatment by gibberelic acid and liquorice extract on growth and yield of potato. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 4(1).
-Kar G., Kumar A. (2007): Effects of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agri¬cultural Water Management, 94: 109–116.
-Kirsh, V. A., Peters, U., Mayne, S. T., Subar, A. F., Chatterjee, N., Johnson, C. C., & Hayes, R. B. (2007). A prospective study of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99(15), 1200-1209. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm065
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-Moses; T. N.; A. wheeb,W. ; AL-Hadithy,Z. andEllewy, A. N. (2002). Studying some components of the local licorice root powder Glyrrhizaglabra- L Journal of Agricultural Sciences Iraqi 38-30 -: (4) 34.
-Olfati J.A., Peyvast Gh., Nosrati-Rad Z. (2008): Organic mulching on carrot yield and quality. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14: 362–368.
-Parmar, H. N.; N. D. Polara and R. R. Viradiya (2013). Effect of mulching material on growth, yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thunb) Cv. Kiran. Universal J. of Agric. Res. 1: 30-37.
-Patil Shirish, S., Kelkar Tushar, S., and Bhalerao Satish, A. (2013). Mulching: A soil and water conservation practice. Res. J. Agric. Forestry Sci., ISSN, 2320, 6063.
-Rana, M.K. (2008). Olericulture in India. Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi. 301p. 18-https://www.amazon.in/Olericulture-India-M-K Rana/dp/B014UO0EPW
-Rathinasabapathi B, Ferguson J, Gal M..(2005) Evaluation of allelopathic potential of wood chips for weed suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience ; 40: 711–713.
SAS Institute, Inc . (2007). Statistical analysis system. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA. suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience 2005; 40: 711–713.
Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Thanaa, Sh.M., Nabila, E.K., AbouRayya, M.S. & Eisa, R.A. (2016). Response of nonpareil seedlings almond to foliar application of licorice root extract and bread yeast suspend under south Sinai conditions. J. of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sci. 3, 123-132. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330834199_Response_of_Nonpareil_seedlings_almond_to_foliar_application_of_liquorice_root_extract_and_bread_yeast_suspend_under_South_Sinai_conditions
U.S.A.: 464p. http://www.personal.psu.edu/drd10/Site/Textbooks.html
-Vankar, R.R. and Shinde, P. P. (2007). Effect of micro-irrigation systems and polythene mulches on yield and yield attributes of okra. The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 35(1): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.108.
-Yoldas,F, S, Ceylan, & N. Mordogan. (2008). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, quality and nitrogen content in Broccoli . Journal of plant Nutrition 31: 1333-1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802135118
Zhao, H.; Lin, J.; Barton, G.H.; Hernandez, L.M.; Dinney, C.P. & Wu, X. (2007). Dietary isothiocyanates, GSTMI, GSTTI, NAT2 polymorphisms, and bladder cancer risk, International Journal of Cancer, 120(10): 2208- 2213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22549 ition Washington D.C. Association of official analysischemist.
-Abd al ameer. A.; Ghaloom, Faraj. & Faraj M. A. (2012). Effect of liquorice extract on growth and yield in onion plants cv. Texas Grano, Journal of Diyala of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1), 140-147. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/47591
-Abdel–Moniam S., Khalel Elias, K. and Hado, T. (2011).The effect of applaying extract of garlic, liquoric root and algaren on growth and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). 5th Scientific Conference of College of Agriculture -Tikrit University from 27 to 28 April 2011
-AL-Marsoumi H. G. K.,(1999).Effect of some factors in recipes vegetative growth and flowering and holds seed in three varieties of onion (Allium cepaL.), Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
-AL-MOHMADI, S. Y. A.; AL-ANI, M. H. I. Effect of spraying with different concentration of licorice extract and plant densities in growth and yield of sorghum bicolor l. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences, [s.l.], v.50, n.6, p.1478–1485, 2019. Available from:. Accessed: Oct. 09, 2020. doi: 10.36103/ijas.v50i6.835.
-Arshad A., Y, & Ahmed S., J., (2017). Interaction effect of planting date and foliar application on some vegetative growth characters and yield of broccoli (Brassica olerasea var italica) grown under unheated plastic tunnel. In 5th International conference on Basic science. DOI:10.24271/garmian.151
-Awodoyin R.O., Ogbeide F.I., Oluwole O. (2007): Effects of three mulch types on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and weed suppression in Ibadan, rainforest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria. Tropical Agricultural Re¬search and Extension, 10: 53–60.
-Awodoyin RO, Ogunyemi S. 2005. Use of sickle pod, Senna obtusifolia (L) Irwin and Barneby, as mulch interplant in cayenne pepper, Capsicum frutescens L. production. Emirate Journal of Agricultural Science. 17(10):10-22. Chege, C. G. (2017). Plant variety protection.
-Björkman T., Pearson K.J. (1998): High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 101–106.
-Chalker-Scott L. (2007). Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment—a review. J Environ Hortic; 25: 239.
-Choudhary S. K. (2011). Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.) to Fertility levels and mulching. MSc. Thisis Department of Agronomys K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303329. http://14.139.51.37/centrallibrary/admin/book/bbef5c931dsk_choudhary.pdf
-Decoteau, D.R. (2000). Vegetable Crops. Prentice Rever, Upper Rever Company. New Jersey,
-Derek M.L., Rowell A.B., Snyder J.C., Williams M.A. (2006): Weed control efficacy of organic mulches in two organically managed bell pepper production systems. HortTechnology, 16: 225–232.
-EP APPROVES FPR: A GIANT LEAP FOR BIOSTIMULANTS Available online: http://www.biostimulants.eu/2019/03/ep-approves-fpr-a-giant-leap-for-biostimulants.
-Fabek, S., Toth, N., Redovnikovic, I.R., Custic, M.H., Benko, B. & Zutic, I. (2012). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate accumulation, and the content of minerals and glucosinolates in broccoli cultivars. Food Technology Biotechnology. 50(2) : 183-186. https://hrcak.srce.hr/83860
-Feldman R.S., Holmes C.E., Blomgren T.A. (2000): Use of fabric and compost mulches for vegetable production in a low till¬age, permanent bed system: Effects on crop yield and labor. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15: 146–153.
-Gleason ML, Iles JK.(1998). Mulch matters: The proper use of organic mulch offers numerous benefits for your woody landscape plants. Am Nurseryman.; 187: 24−31.
-Greenly KM, Rakow DA.(1998). The effect of wood mulch type and depth on weed and tree growth and certain soil parameters. J Arboric. 1995; 21: 225–225.
-Kar G., Kumar A. (2007): Effects of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agri¬cultural Water Management, 94: 109–116.
-Kirsh, V. A., Peters, U., Mayne, S. T., Subar, A. F., Chatterjee, N., Johnson, C. C., & Hayes, R. B. (2007). A prospective study of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99(15), 1200-1209. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm065
-Liakatas, A.; J. A. Clark & J. L. Monteith . (1986). Measurements of the heat balance under plastic mulches part I. Radiation balance and soil heat flux. Agri For Meteorology. 36(3): 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(86)90037-7
-Moses; T. N.; A. wheeb,W. ; AL-Hadithy,Z. andEllewy, A. N. (2002). Studying some components of the local licorice root powder Glyrrhizaglabra- L Journal of Agricultural Sciences Iraqi 38-30 -: (4) 34.
-Olfati J.A., Peyvast Gh., Nosrati-Rad Z. (2008): Organic mulching on carrot yield and quality. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14: 362–368.
-Parmar, H. N.; N. D. Polara and R. R. Viradiya (2013). Effect of mulching material on growth, yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thunb) Cv. Kiran. Universal J. of Agric. Res. 1: 30-37.
-Patil Shirish, S., Kelkar Tushar, S., and Bhalerao Satish, A. (2013). Mulching: A soil and water conservation practice. Res. J. Agric. Forestry Sci., ISSN, 2320, 6063.
-Rana, M.K. (2008). Olericulture in India. Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi. 301p. 18-https://www.amazon.in/Olericulture-India-M-K Rana/dp/B014UO0EPW
-Rathinasabapathi B, Ferguson J, Gal M..(2005) Evaluation of allelopathic potential of wood chips for weed suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience ; 40: 711–713.
-SAS Institute, Inc . (2007). Statistical analysis system. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA. suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience 2005; 40: 711–713.
-Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Thanaa, Sh.M., Nabila, E.K., AbouRayya, M.S. & Eisa, R.A. (2016). Response of nonpareil seedlings almond to foliar application of licorice root extract and bread yeast suspend under south Sinai conditions. J. of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sci. 3, 123-132. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330834199_Response_of_Nonpareil_seedlings_almond_to_foliar_application_of_liquorice_root_extract_and_bread_yeast_suspend_under_South_Sinai_conditions
U.S.A.: 464p. http://www.personal.psu.edu/drd10/Site/Textbooks.html
-Vankar, R.R. and Shinde, P. P. 2007. Effect of micro-irrigation systems and polythene mulches on yield and yield attributes of okra. The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 35(1): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.108.
-Yoldas,F, S, Ceylan, & N. Mordogan. (2008). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, quality and nitrogen content in Broccoli . Journal of plant Nutrition 31: 1333-1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802135118
-Zhao, H.; Lin, J.; Barton, G.H.; Hernandez, L.M.; Dinney, C.P. & Wu, X. (2007). Dietary isothiocyanates, GSTMI, GSTTI, NAT2 polymorphisms, and bladder cancer risk, International Journal of Cancer, 120(10): 2208- 2213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22549
-A.O.A.C. (2000).Official methods of analysis 11thed A.O.A.C. (2000).Official methods of analysis 11thedition Washington D.C. Association of official analysischemist.
- Abd al ameer. A.; Faraj M. A Ghaloom. (2012). Effect of liquorice extract on growth and yield in onion plants cv. Texas Grano, Journal of Diyala of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1), 140-147. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/47591
-Abdel–Moniam S., Khalel Elias, K. and Hado, T. (2011).The effect of applaying extract of garlic, liquoric root and algaren on growth and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). 5th Scientific Conference of College of Agriculture -Tikrit University from 27 to 28 April 2011
-AL-Marsoumi H. G. K.,(1999).Effect of some factors in recipes vegetative growth and flowering and holds seed in three varieties of onion (Allium cepaL.), Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
-AL-MOHMADI, S. Y. A.; AL-ANI, M. H. I. (2019).Effect of spraying with different concentration of licorice extract and plant densities in growth and yield of sorghum bicolor l. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences, [s.l.], v.50, n.6, p.1478–1485, 2019. Available from:
-Arshad A., Y, & Ahmed S., J., (2017). Interaction effect of planting date and foliar application on some vegetative growth characters and yield of broccoli (Brassica olerasea var italica) grown under unheated plastic tunnel. In 5th International conference on Basic science. DOI:10.24271/garmian.151
-Awodoyin R.O., Ogbeide F.I., Oluwole O. (2007): Effects of three mulch types on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and weed suppression in Ibadan, rainforest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria. Tropical Agricultural Re¬search and Extension, 10: 53–60.
-Capsicum frutescens L. production. Emirate Journal of Agricultural Science. 17(10):10-22. Chege, C. G. (2017). Plant variety protection.
-Björkman T., Pearson K.J. (1998): High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 101–106.
-Chalker-Scott L. (2007). Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment—a review. J Environ Hortic; 25: 239.
-Choudhary S. K. (2011). Response of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.) to Fertility levels and mulching. MSc. Thisis Department of Agronomys K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303329. http://14.139.51.37/centrallibrary/admin/book/bbef5c931dsk_choudhary.pdf
-Decoteau, D.R. (2000). Vegetable Crops. Prentice Rever, Upper Rever Company. New Jersey,
-Derek M.L., Rowell A.B., Snyder J.C., Williams M.A. (2006): Weed control efficacy of organic mulches in two organically managed bell pepper production systems. HortTechnology, 16: 225–232.
EP APPROVES FPR: A GIANT LEAP FOR BIOSTIMULANTS Available online: http://www.biostimulants.eu/2019/03/ep-approves-fpr-a-giant-leap-for-biostimulants.
Fabek, S., Toth, N., Redovnikovic, I.R., Custic, M.H., Benko, B. & Zutic, I. (2012). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate accumulation, and the content of minerals and glucosinolates in broccoli cultivars. Food Technology Biotechnology. 50(2) : 183-186. https://hrcak.srce.hr/83860
Feldman R.S., Holmes C.E., Blomgren T.A. (2000): Use of fabric and compost mulches for vegetable production in a low till¬age, permanent bed system: Effects on crop yield and labor. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15: 146–153.
-Gleason ML, Iles JK.(1998). Mulch matters: The proper use of organic mulch offers numerous benefits for your woody landscape plants. Am Nurseryman.; 187: 24−31.
Greenly KM, Rakow DA.(1998). The effect of wood mulch type and depth on weed and tree growth and certain soil parameters. J Arboric. 1995; 21: 225–225.
-Hamadah, M. M., Saad, A. M., & Ahmad, F. R. (2012). Effect of the treatment by gibberelic acid and liquorice extract on growth and yield of potato. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 4(1).
-Kar G., Kumar A. (2007): Effects of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agri¬cultural Water Management, 94: 109–116.
-Kirsh, V. A., Peters, U., Mayne, S. T., Subar, A. F., Chatterjee, N., Johnson, C. C., & Hayes, R. B. (2007). A prospective study of fruit and vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99(15), 1200-1209. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm065
-Liakatas, A.; J. A. Clark & J. L. Monteith . (1986). Measurements of the heat balance under plastic mulches part I. Radiation balance and soil heat flux. Agri For Meteorology. 36(3): 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(86)90037-7
-Moses; T. N.; A. wheeb,W. ; AL-Hadithy,Z. andEllewy, A. N. (2002). Studying some components of the local licorice root powder Glyrrhizaglabra- L Journal of Agricultural Sciences Iraqi 38-30 -: (4) 34.
-Olfati J.A., Peyvast Gh., Nosrati-Rad Z. (2008): Organic mulching on carrot yield and quality. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14: 362–368.
-Parmar, H. N.; N. D. Polara and R. R. Viradiya (2013). Effect of mulching material on growth, yield and quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus thunb) Cv. Kiran. Universal J. of Agric. Res. 1: 30-37.
-Patil Shirish, S., Kelkar Tushar, S., and Bhalerao Satish, A. (2013). Mulching: A soil and water conservation practice. Res. J. Agric. Forestry Sci., ISSN, 2320, 6063.
-Rana, M.K. (2008). Olericulture in India. Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi. 301p. 18-https://www.amazon.in/Olericulture-India-M-K Rana/dp/B014UO0EPW
-Rathinasabapathi B, Ferguson J, Gal M..(2005) Evaluation of allelopathic potential of wood chips for weed suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience ; 40: 711–713.
SAS Institute, Inc . (2007). Statistical analysis system. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA. suppression in horticultural production systems. HortScience 2005; 40: 711–713.
Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Sinkevičienė A., Jodaugienė D., Pupalienė R., Urbonienė M. (2009): The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agronomy Research, 7: 485–491.
-Thanaa, Sh.M., Nabila, E.K., AbouRayya, M.S. & Eisa, R.A. (2016). Response of nonpareil seedlings almond to foliar application of licorice root extract and bread yeast suspend under south Sinai conditions. J. of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sci. 3, 123-132. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330834199_Response_of_Nonpareil_seedlings_almond_to_foliar_application_of_liquorice_root_extract_and_bread_yeast_suspend_under_South_Sinai_conditions
U.S.A.: 464p. http://www.personal.psu.edu/drd10/Site/Textbooks.html
-Vankar, R.R. and Shinde, P. P. (2007). Effect of micro-irrigation systems and polythene mulches on yield and yield attributes of okra. The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 35(1): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.108.
-Yoldas,F, S, Ceylan, & N. Mordogan. (2008). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, quality and nitrogen content in Broccoli . Journal of plant Nutrition 31: 1333-1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802135118
Zhao, H.; Lin, J.; Barton, G.H.; Hernandez, L.M.; Dinney, C.P. & Wu, X. (2007). Dietary isothiocyanates, GSTMI, GSTTI, NAT2 polymorphisms, and bladder cancer risk, International Journal of Cancer, 120(10): 2208- 2213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22549 ition Washington D.C. Association of official analysischemist.
-Abd al ameer. A.; Ghaloom, Faraj. & Faraj M. A. (2012). Effect of liquorice extract on growth and yield in onion plants cv. Texas Grano, Journal of Diyala of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1), 140-147. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/47591
-Abdel–Moniam S., Khalel Elias, K. and Hado, T. (2011).The effect of applaying extract of garlic, liquoric root and algaren on growth and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). 5th Scientific Conference of College of Agriculture -Tikrit University from 27 to 28 April 2011
-AL-Marsoumi H. G. K.,(1999).Effect of some factors in recipes vegetative growth and flowering and holds seed in three varieties of onion (Allium cepaL.), Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
-AL-MOHMADI, S. Y. A.; AL-ANI, M. H. I. Effect of spraying with different concentration of licorice extract and plant densities in growth and yield of sorghum bicolor l. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences, [s.l.], v.50, n.6, p.1478–1485, 2019. Available from:
-Arshad A., Y, & Ahmed S., J., (2017). Interaction effect of planting date and foliar application on some vegetative growth characters and yield of broccoli (Brassica olerasea var italica) grown under unheated plastic tunnel. In 5th International conference on Basic science. DOI:10.24271/garmian.151
-Awodoyin R.O., Ogbeide F.I., Oluwole O. (2007): Effects of three mulch types on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and weed suppression in Ibadan, rainforest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria. Tropical Agricultural Re¬search and Extension, 10: 53–60.
-Awodoyin RO, Ogunyemi S. 2005. Use of sickle pod, Senna obtusifolia (L) Irwin and Barneby, as mulch interplant in cayenne pepper, Capsicum frutescens L. production. Emirate Journal of Agricultural Science. 17(10):10-22. Chege, C. G. (2017). Plant variety protection.
-Björkman T., Pearson K.J. (1998): High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 101–106.
-Chalker-Scott L. (2007). Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment—a review. J Environ Hortic; 25: 239.
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Published
2022-10-25
How to Cite
YOUSIF , K. H., & SAEID, A. J. I. (2022). EFFECT OF MULCHING AND LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT ON GROWTH OF TWO BROCCOLI CULTIVARS (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. ITALICA.). Journal of Duhok University, 25(2), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.2.7
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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