THE RESPONSE DIFFERENT APPLE TRANSPLANTS (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) CULTIVARS TO AUTUMN BUDDING DATES AND BALANCED FERTILIZERS IN REGARD OF BUD TAKING AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS
Keywords:
Apple, cultivars, budding, dates, balance fertilizer
Abstract
This experiment was conducted during 2021-2022 in the Duhok University nursery, Iraqi Kurdistan region, to study the effects of three different Apple cultivars (Super red, Scarlet and Royal caka), three different budding dates (28th August,18th September and 8th October of 2021) and three levels of balanced fertilizer N20%, P20% and K20 %; (0 g, 2g and 4g. l-1) on the budding successful percentage and some vegetative growth characteristics of apple transplants. The results indicated that the Royal caka cultivar had significant effect on the budding success percentage, transplant(scion) height, transplant (scion) diameter, lateral branches number, leaves number and single leaf area. On the other hand, the date (8th Oct.) give the highest significant effect on budding success, transplant(scion) height, leaves number, and single leaf area. However, the 3rd fertilization concentration (4 g. l-1) had a significant effect on the budding success percentage, transplant (scion) height and transplant (scion) diameter, lateral branches number, leaves number and single leaf area. The triple interaction among (Royal caka cultivar + 3rd budding date (8th Oct.) + 3rd fertilization concentration (4 g. l-1) significantly affected on budding successful percentage and most vegetative growth characteristics
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References
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Ahmad, S., Munir, M., Bostan, N., Rabi, F., 2015. Effects of budding methods and time interval on bud take success in seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.). ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 10, 146–51.
Akhtar, A., Bakhsh, A., Sumrah, M.A., 2018. Standardization of Optimum Budding Time for Peach Nursery in Soan Valley conditions. J Agric Res 56, 243–246.
Al-Allaf, A.H.I., Hadeed, N.N.F., 2020. Response of Local Orange Grafted to the Date of Grafting, Chemical, Organic and Bio-fertilizers. Middle East J 9, 444–454.
Al-Aokam, E.Sh., Turxan, muhamad, Hasan, jomhorya saade, 2017. Effect of budding, soil fertilization and spraying solution of humic acid on growth of Apricot seedlings and leaves mineral content of N, P, K. J. Kerbala Univ. 15.
Ali, J.J., Noori, I.M., Salieh, F.M.H., 2012. Utilization of wild pears rootstocks as a natural resource for loquat production under rainfed condition in Sulaimani governorate. Tikrit Univ. J. Humanit. 19, 1–11.
Al-Imam, N.M., Al-Brifkany, A.-A.M.A., 2010. Effect on nitrogen fertilization and foliar application of boron on fruit set, vegetative growth and yield of Anna Apple cultivar (Malus domestica Borkh). Mesop. J. Agric. 38, 9–18.
Al-Kayssi, N., 2019. Response of local Orange seedlings (Citrus sinensis L.) to budding date and foliar spraying of prosol fertilize on success budding percentage and vegetative growth characteristics. Mesop. J. Agric. 45, 61–70.
Al-Rawi, K., Khalafalla, A., 2000. Analysis of Experimental Agriculture Design. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing. University of Mosul. Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research. Iraq.
Al-Safi, S., Al-Djaili, J., 2000. The effect of three types apples rootstocks on bud survival percentage for three cvs. Iraq J. Agric. Sci. 31, 208–214.
Awad, S., Atawia, A., 1995. Effect of foliar sprays with some micronutrients on" Le Conte" pear trees. 1.-tree growth, flowering and leaf mineral contents. Ann. Agric. Sci. Egypt.
Aziz, R.R., Saleh, F.M.H., Ahmad, F.K., 2018. Effect of Kinetin and Budding Date on Top Working for Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.).
Bhat, M., Rasool, R., Ramzan, S., 2019. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. Acta Sci Agric 3, 23–25.
El-Sayed, A.E.-G.A., Darwesh, M.A., Nabih, A., Soliman, M.M., 2017. Effect of different types of fertilization on morphological characters and chemical constituents of three cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 44, 87–102.
Esekhade, T., Okore, I., Ogidi, E., Arasowan, J., 2013. Effect of weeding frequency and fertilizer rates on the growth performance and budding successes of Hevea rootstock seedling in a humid forest area of South Eastern Nigeria. Int’l J. Agric Rural Dev 16, 1421–1424.
FAOSTAT, 2020. FAOSTAT [WWW Document]. URL https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (accessed 4.11.22).
Hadi, A.A.A.-K., AL-Mageed, K.J.A., Najim, H.A., 2013. Scions Response of Apricot Cultivar" Zaniy" to Benzyl Adenine KNO3 and Autumn budding dates on Budding Success and Growth. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci. 5.
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Geneve, R.L., 2014. Hartmann & Kester’s plant propagation principles and practices. Prentice Hall.
Izadi, M., Shahsavar, A.R., Mirsoleimani, A., 2016. Relation between leaf and stem biochemical constituents and rooting ability of olive cuttings. Int. J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 3, 231–242.
Janick, J., 1986. Horticultural science. Macmillan.
Jawad, D. hashim, Al-Wahab, S.A.A.-S.A., 2014. Effect of scion cultivar, rootstock type and spry by foliar nutrition on growth characteristics of budded Apple seedling Malus pumila Mill. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci. 6.
Jody, A.T., Al-Hadethy, E.A., Al-Naemy, J.H., 2012. Effect of budding autumn date, rootstock and cultivars on budtake and some growth characteristics of japanese plum prunus salicina. J. Kerbala Univ.
Kako, S.M., Al-Douri, E.F., Mahmud, P.J., 2015. Effect of budding date, kinetin and IBA on success percentage and produced saplings characteristics of peach cv.Dixired. Tikrit J. Agric. Sci. 15, 1–8.
Kako, S.M., Karo, S.-A.M., Tawfik, S.I., 2012. Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Different Peach (prunus persica Batsch) Cultivars Budding. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol. 12.
Kalil, Q.J.T.H., Abdul-Kadhem, S.J., (Q.J.A.-M., 2010. Influence of scion cultivar and foliar application of Prosol on growth of budded apricot seedlings (Prunus Armeniaca L.). J. Tech. 23.
Kumar, G., 2011. Propagation of plants by grafting and budding. Pac. Northwest Ext. Publ. Pullman Wash. USA 19.
Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants Academic Press London 889.
Mészáros, M., Bělíková, H., Čonka, P., Náměstek, J., 2019. Effect of hail nets and fertilization management on the nutritional status, growth and production of apple trees. Sci. Hortic. 255, 134–144.
Mir, M., Shameem, R., Pandit, A., Bhat, K., Wani, W., Jan, A., Hassan, S., Majid, S., Hussain, S., 2016. Propagation of almond through budding under temperate conditions of north western Himalaya. Appl. Biol. Res. 18, 299–304.
Mirabdulbaghi, M., Pishbeen, M., 2012. Effect of Different Forms and Levels of Nitrogen on Vegetative Growth and Leaf Nutrient Status of Nursery Seedling Rootstocks of. Am. J. Plant Nutr. Fertil. Technol. 2, 32–44.
Mng’omba, S.A., Akinnifesi, F.K., Sileshi, G., Ajayi, O.C., 2010. Rootstock growth and development for increased graft success of mango (Mangifera indica) in the nursery. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9.
Mohammed, A.A., 2022. Budding of Current Season Seedlings of Pistacia vera L. During Different Times in Late Summer. Turk. J. Agric.-Food Sci. Technol. 10, 191–193.
Nafees, M., Muhammad, AL, Muhammad, A, Muhammad, S., 2007. Effect of simple and compounds fertilizers application on flushing and malformation of inflorescence in mango. Presented at the International Symposium on Prospects of Horticulture Industry in Pakistan, pp. 220–225.
Pilbeam, D.J., Barker, A.V., 2007. Handbook of plant nutrition. Florida, US: CRC Press.
Polito, V.S., Micke, W.C., Kester, D.E., 1996. Bud development, pollination and fertilization. Almond Prod. Man. Univ. Calif. Publ. 98–102.
Poni, S., Quartieri, M., Tagliavini, M., 2003. Potassium nutrition of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by shoot trimming. Plant Soil 253, 341–351.
Power, J.F., Prasad, R., 1997. Soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture. CRC press.
Saeed, S., Hamad, A., 2021. Effect of Spraying with Nutrition Solution and Organic Fertilizer in Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Peach Seedlings Cv. Red June. Presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, p. 012062.
SAS, 2002. Statistical Analysis System. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, Nc. USA.
Shafi, S.M., Sheikh, M., Nabi, S., Mir, M., Ahmad, N., Mir, J., Raja, W., Rasool, R., Masoodi, K., 2019. An overview of apple scab, its cause and management strategies. EC Microbiol. 15, 0–1.
Shafiei, M., Asadi-Gharneh, H.A., Karimi, S., 2020. Improving Growth and Performance of Young Almond Trees in Nursery by Optimizing Mineral Nutrition. J. Nuts 11, 47–62.
Westwood, M.N., 1978. Temperate-zone pomology. WH Freeman San Francisco.
Williamson, J., Castle, W., Koch, K., 1992. Growth and 14C-photosynthate allocation in citrus nursery trees subjected to one of three bud-forcing methods. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 117, 37–40.
Published
2022-11-10
How to Cite
NAAMAN, Z. S., & KAKO, S. M. (2022). THE RESPONSE DIFFERENT APPLE TRANSPLANTS (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) CULTIVARS TO AUTUMN BUDDING DATES AND BALANCED FERTILIZERS IN REGARD OF BUD TAKING AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS. Journal of Duhok University, 25(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.2.14
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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