EVALUATION OF SOME UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENTS FOR PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE (IRAQI KURDISTAN)
Abstract
The study was conducted in May–October 2021 within the Duhok University, Iraq, the study was carried out on the land adjacent to the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, in the fields of the “Seajay” village latitude 360 55’ 28’’N, longitude 420 52’ 36’’E and 640 (m.a.s.l), the objective of the study was focus on evaluating different uniformity coefficients proposed on investigating the effects of run time and field conditions on the results obtained utilizing those coefficients, a layout of 144 m2 was designed according to the length of lateral lines, 36 catch cans were positioned in a grid of 2 m apart. determining water distribution efficiency affected by different weather conditions during two- daily runs (morning &evening), and two time periods (May & June-July 2021) under operating pressures of (1.0 - 2.0) bar and riser heights of (1.0 - 2 m), solid site sprinkler with a single nozzle type (5mm) was used. The water caught in Cans was subjected to a three-way (ANOVA) table using (LSD) test, the study concluded that riser heights of 1 m had the optimum (CU & DU%) at 2 bar (operating pressure) to reduce water losses, and the results showed that highly significant differences between the means of (CU & DU%) coefficients in (May 2021) at various run times (morning & evening), in time it was shown highly significant differences between the means of all parameters with (PELQ %) coefficients in the (June –July 2021) period. It is not suggested to run the sprinkler irrigation system at wind speeds of (2.6 - 3.6 ms-1)
Downloads
References
Al-Ghobari H.M. (2006): Effect of maintenance on the performance of sprinkler irrigation systems and irriga¬tion water conservation. Food Science & Agricultural Research Center, Research Bulletin, 141: 1–16.
Abdelmoneim E M, Abdelrhman M H, Asma A M1 and Mohmed A.M, 2019Effect of Weather Conditions, Operating Pressure and Riser Height on the Performance of Sprinkler Irrigation System. University of Khartoum,Sudan Volume 12, Issue 1Ver. I (January 2019).
Anyoji H and Wu I. (1994): Normal distribution water ap¬plication for drip irrigation schedules. Transactions of the ASAE, 37: 159–164.
Burt CM, Clemmens AJ, Strelkoff TS, S olomon KH, Bliesner RD, Howell TA & Eisenhauer DE (1997). Irrigation performance measures: Efficiency and uniformity‟, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 123, (6), 423–442
Christiansen J.E. (1942): Irrigation by Sprinkling. California Agriculture Experiment. Station Bulletin, No. 670
Dechmi F., Playan E., Faci J.M., Tejero M., Bercero A. (2003): Analysis of an irrigation district in north¬eastern Spain. II. Irrigation evaluation, simulation and scheduling. Agricultural Water
Management, 61: 93–109.
Doorenbos. J. and Pruitt,W.O. (1984). Crop Water Requirements, Irrigation and Drain. Paper 24,FAO.
Rome. Italy.
Draper, N.R. and Smith, H. (1966) Applied regression analysis. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, 407 p.
FAO (2000). Yearbook. Production Vol. 55. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Natiunited nations.
Kay. M. (1983). Sprinkler irrigation: equipment and practice. Batsford, UK. 7
Keller, J. and Bliesner, R.D. (1990).] Sprinkler and Trickle Irrigation. Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York.
Kincaid, D.C.; Solomon, K.H. and Oliph,ant J.C. (1996). Drop size distribution for irrigation sprinklers. Transactions of the ASAE
Kohl, R. A. and Wright, J.L. (1974). Air temperature and vapor pressure changes caused by sprinkler irrigation, Agron. 1, (66) 85-87.
Kohl K.D.; Kohl R.A. and De Boer D.W. (1987). Measurement of low-pressure sprinkler evaporation loss, Transactions of the ASAE (30) 107 1-1074.
Li J. (1998): Modeling crop yield as affected By uniform¬ity irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 38: 135–146.
Mantovani E.C., Villalobos F.J., Orgaz F., Fereres E. (1995): Modelling the effects of sprinkler irrigation uniformity on crop yield. Mana-gement, 27: 243–257.
Merkley, G.P. and Allen, R.G. (2004). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation Lecturer Notes, Utah State University, U.S.A. Accessed on 3th August 2007 from: hup://.www.myoops.orgSprinkleTriclde. Irritation/ usufiles/LO1 Course Introduction.pdf. 1 0-43
Merriam J.L., Keller J. 1978. Farm irrigation system evaluation: A guide for management. 3rd ed. Utah State University. ISBN 0317347799 pp. 271
Michaeil, A.M. (1978). Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Viskas Publishing House, PVT. LTD. New
Delhi, India.
Okasha, EM. and Pibars, SK. 2016. Investigation of riser height and operating pressure on sprinkler irrigation performance under different wind condition. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 9(7): 292-299.
Solomon K. (1979): Variability of sprinkler coefficient of uniformity test results. Transactions of the ASAE, 22: 1078–1086.
Solomon, K.H.; Kincaid, D.C. and Bezdek, J.C. (1985). Drop size distribution for irrigation spray nozzles. Transactions of the ASAE, 2 8(6), l966- 1974.
Thompson. AL; Gilley, J.R. and Norman, J.M. (1993) A sprinkler water droplet evaporation and plant canopy model: II. Model application. Transaction of the ASAE, 36(3), 743-750.
Topak R., Suheri S., Ciftci N., Acar B. (2005): Per-formance evaluation of sprinkler irrigation in a semi-arid area. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8: 97– 103.
Yazar, A. (1984). Evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler irrigation system under various operating conditions. Agricultural Water management, (8): 439-449. Elsevier Science Publishers,
Amsterdam-Netherlands.
Yazar, A., Howell, TA., Dusek, DA., and Copeland, KS. 1999. Evaluation of crop water stress index for LEPA irrigated corn. Irrigation Science,18(4):171-180.
It is the policy of the Journal of Duhok University to own the copyright of the technical contributions. It publishes and facilitates the appropriate re-utilize of the published materials by others. Photocopying is permitted with credit and referring to the source for individuals use.
Copyright © 2017. All Rights Reserved.
