TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN POPULATIONS AGED 20-40 YEARS ATTENDED DUHOK EYE HOSPITAL
Keywords:
refractive errors,myopia,hypermetropia(hyperopia),astigmatism
Abstract
Background
One of the most common eye problemsare refractive errors. They occurwhen the eye cannot clearly focus the images. Which result in a blurred vision,sometimesthey are so severe that they causevisual impairment.
Aim
The study is to resolute refractive error types in 20-40 years-old population.
Methodology
300 patients aged from20 to 40 years old who attend Duhok Eye Hospital;Duhok governorate;Kurdistan including from 1st April 2022 to 1st October 2022 are included in thiscross-sectional study. Examinations of visual acuity,anterior and posterior segments were done for theparticipants and were categorized into myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
Results
Myopia with astigmatism were most common type (46.50%),followed by astigmatism (26.8%) for the right eye,Myopia with astigmatism were most common type (48.3%),followed by astigmatism(26.7%) for the left eye;(59.9%) were females while (40.1%) were males;22% of patients were newly diagnosed while 78%were following up visits.
Conclusions
Decrease visual acuity due to refractive errors in young age group people has a very important impact on their lives and productivity,and also great burden on their financial status;early diagnosis and correction must be done to avoid such effects and impacts
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References
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Allison CL. Proportion of refractive errors in a Polish immigrant population in Chicago. Optom Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;87(8):588-92. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e61beb.
Jiang X, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Stram D, Katz J, Friedman DS, Tielsch JM, Matsumura S, Saw SM, Mitchell P, Rose KA, Cotter SA, Varma R., Population-Based Pediatric Eye Disease Study Consortium. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Moderate or High Hyperopia among Multiethnic Children 6 to 72 Months of Age: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jul;126(7):989-999
Dandona R, Dandona L, John RK, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Awareness of eye diseases in an urban population in southern India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001 ;79(2):96-102.
Sheeladevi S, Seelam B, Nukella PB, Modi A, Ali R, Keay L. Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review. Clin Exp Optom. 2018 Jul;101(4):495-503. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12689.
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Dr. Suhas Shripad Kulkarni Dr. Deepak Shashikant KhismatraoCorneal Astigmatism in Adults Attending Eye Clinic ,Volume : 4 | Issue : 7 | July 2014 | ISSN - 2249-555X Indian journal of applied research
Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Feagan CW, Crouse WL, Shrestha S, Kemper AR, Hoerger TJ, Saaddine JB; Vision Cost-Effectiveness Study Group. The economic burden of vision loss and eye disorders among the United States population younger than 40 years. Ophthalmology. 2013 Sep;120(9):1728-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.
Wikipedia, 2022;Refractive Errors
Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error
Denniston, Alastair K. O., and Philip I. Murray (eds), Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology, 4 edn, Oxford Medical Handbooks (Oxford, 2018; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Mar. 2018), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198804550.001.0001, accessed 14 Oct. 2022.
Hashemi H, Fotouhi A, Yekta A, Pakzad R, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M. Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J CurrOphthalmol. 2017 ;30(1):3-22. doi: 10.1016.
Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease StudyLancet Glob Health. 2021;9(2):e130-e143. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30425-3.
-Yang, Z., Jin, G., Li, Z. et al. Global disease burden of uncorrected refractive error among adolescents from 1990 to 2019. BMC Public Health 21, 1975 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12055-2
Foster PJ, Jiang Y. Epidemiology of myopia. Eye (Lond). 2014 ;28(2):202-8. doi: 10.1038/eye.2013.280.
Moore BD, Augsburger AR, Ciner EB, Cockrell DA, Fern KD, HarbE;. Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline: Care of the Patient with Hyperopia. St. Louis, MO: American Optometric Association:,approved by the AOA Board of Trustees August 9, 1997; Reviewed February 2001, 2006; Revised 2008P1-29
Bope ET, Kellerman RD. Conn’s Current Therapy. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders;2013:323-326.
Article initiated by:Nathan Carpenter, A. Paula Grigorian, MDAll authors and contributors:A. Paula Grigorian, MDAssignededitor:Alain Saad, MDReview:Assigned status Update Pending by A. Paula Grigorian, MD on January 6, 2015.eyewiki aaa hyperopia
Jun Zhang; Mukesh Dhariwal; yifeiwu; Mark,,ABullimoreEpidemiology and burden of astigmatism ,ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract,2022,doi:June 2022., Vol.63, 3538 – A0118
Joanne Katz,* James M. Tielsch* and Alfred SommevPrevalence and Risk Factors for Refractive Errors in an Adult Inner City PopulationDownloaded from iovs.arvojournals.org on 06/29/2019
Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors. Ann Acad Med Stetin.;2007;53(2):5-7.
Chia EM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Smith W, Cumming RR, Mitchell P. Impact of bilateral visual impairment on health-related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(1):71–76
D. Pascolini and S. P. Mariotti, “Global estimates of visualimpairment:,” British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2012;vol. 96, pp. 614–618,.
K. S. Naidoo, J. Leasher, R. R. Bourne et al,, “Global visionimpairment and blindness due to uncorrected refractive error,1990–2010,” Optometry and Vision Science, vol. 93, no 3,2016.,pp. 227–234, ,
Gomez-Salazar F, Campos-Romero A, Gomez-Campaña H, Cruz-Zamudio C, Chaidez-Felix M, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Muro-Amador S, Guadron-Llanos AM, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Murillo-Llanes J, Sanchez-Cuen J, Llausas-Vargas A, Alapizco-Castro G, Irineo-Cabrales A, Graue-Hernandez E, Ramirez-Luquin T, Canizalez-Roman A. Refractive errors among children, adolescents and adults attending eye clinics in Mexico. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017 May 18;10(5):796-802. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.23.
IgnasiJürgens,2020,Myopia affects more and more young people and adolescents
https://icrcat.com/en/,accessed 1st. oct .2022
Prema R, George R, SathyamangalamVe R, Hemamalini A, Baskaran M, Kumaramanickavel G, Catherine M, Vijaya L. Comparison of refractive errors and factors associated with spectacle use in a rural and urban South Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar-Apr;56(2):139-44. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.39119.
Sayed Farooq Hosaini ,Abdul Subhan Seddiqi , Mohammad Naser Nabizada , Khairullah Karimi,,Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among Students of Faculty of Medicine, Herat University,Afghanistan Afghanistan Research Journal,2021, Volume 1, Issue 1,pp. 31-37
Tanie Natung,1 Trishna Taye,1 Laura Amanda Lyngdoh,1 Begonia Dkhar,1 and Ranendra Hajong2, . J Family Med Prim Care,2017,. Volume 6(3), 10.4103/2249-4863.222023, 543–548
Lee, D.C., Lee, S.Y. & Kim, Y.C. An epidemiological study of the risk factors associated with myopia in young adult men in Korea. Sci Rep 8, 511 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18926-2
Megreli, J., Barak, A., Bez, M. et al. Association of Myopia with cognitive function among one million adolescents. BMC Public Health 20, 647 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08765-8
Saw SM, Hong CY, Chia KS, Stone RA, Tan D. Nearwork and myopia in young children. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):390. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71520-8.
Sharon Yu Lin Chua, Paul J. Foster ,The Economic and Societal Impact of Myopia and High Myopia,Updates on Myopia, 2020,ISBN : 978-981-13-8490-5
Majumdar S, Tripathy K. Hyperopia. 2022 Feb 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 .
Allison CL. Proportion of refractive errors in a Polish immigrant population in Chicago. Optom Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;87(8):588-92. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e61beb.
Jiang X, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Stram D, Katz J, Friedman DS, Tielsch JM, Matsumura S, Saw SM, Mitchell P, Rose KA, Cotter SA, Varma R., Population-Based Pediatric Eye Disease Study Consortium. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Moderate or High Hyperopia among Multiethnic Children 6 to 72 Months of Age: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jul;126(7):989-999
Dandona R, Dandona L, John RK, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Awareness of eye diseases in an urban population in southern India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001 ;79(2):96-102.
Sheeladevi S, Seelam B, Nukella PB, Modi A, Ali R, Keay L. Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review. Clin Exp Optom. 2018 Jul;101(4):495-503. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12689.
Wajuihian SO, Mashige KP. Gender and age distribution of refractive errors in an optometric clinical population. J Optom. 2021 Oct-Dec;14(4):315-327. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.09.002.
Dr. Suhas Shripad Kulkarni Dr. Deepak Shashikant KhismatraoCorneal Astigmatism in Adults Attending Eye Clinic ,Volume : 4 | Issue : 7 | July 2014 | ISSN - 2249-555X Indian journal of applied research
Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Feagan CW, Crouse WL, Shrestha S, Kemper AR, Hoerger TJ, Saaddine JB; Vision Cost-Effectiveness Study Group. The economic burden of vision loss and eye disorders among the United States population younger than 40 years. Ophthalmology. 2013 Sep;120(9):1728-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.
Published
2023-05-04
How to Cite
MASOUD, N. M. (2023). TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN POPULATIONS AGED 20-40 YEARS ATTENDED DUHOK EYE HOSPITAL. Journal of Duhok University, 26(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.23.1.9
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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