STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH-INTO-KURDISH AND ARABIC TRANSLATION ADOPTED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE TRANSLATION QUALITY
Keywords:
Translation strategy; Quality assessment; Cognitive process; Think-aloud protocols; Undergraduate translation students
Abstract
This paper examines the strategies used by 4th year students in translating a literary text into Kurdish and Arabic and the difficulties they face and how they overcome them and generate a quality final output. Think-aloud Protocols are used as a tool for investigating what is in the students' minds during the process. The study is designed as a series of experiments using five fourth-year translation students, at the University of Duhok. To process the data, the qualitative analysis was adopted. Regarding the findings, prior reading of the text was often applied by the participants as a starting point of the process. The two main problems encountered during the process were: text comprehension and the translation of references and symbols located in the text. Regarding the strategies, employing Google Translate, reading the text and the translation repetitively, and offering a literal translation to challenging items were applied. Rendering a mistranslation, and skipping a word/phrase for a while and moving to the next for connectivity were the least used strategies found among the study sample. Relying on an effective translation quality assessment model (Waddington, 2001), the influence of these strategies on the final product, was also examined by a qualified jury. It is hoped that the paper findings can shed light on the translation strategy teaching and improving students’ translation competence
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References
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Zhou, Y. & Lin, Y. (2012). Probe into translation process based on think-aloud protocols. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(7), 1376-1386. http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol02/07/07.pdf
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 22(6), 64-77. https://www.academia.edu/5340038/Investigating_theDifficulties_and_Problems_Faced_by_the_English_Language_Students_of_Al_Quds_Open_University_inLegal_Translation_Process_Ahmed_Maher_Mahmoud_Al_Nakhalah_Palestine
Aly, M. (2004). Translation strategies of EFL student teachers: A think aloud protocol-based case study. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED490356.pdf
Al-Ma’ani, M., Salman, A., & Kharus, N.S.(2014). Reading and translation: Suggestions for integration. International Journal of English Linguistics, 4(5), 35-41. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267453674Reading_and_Translation_Suggestions_for_Integration
Daghough, S. & Hashemian, M. (2016). Analysis of culture-specific items and translation strategies applied in translating Jalal Al-Ahmad’s by the Pen. English Language Teaching, 9(4), 171-185. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339916373Analysis_of_Culture-Specific_Items_and_Translation_Strategies_Applied_in_Translating_Jalal_Al-Ahmad's_By_the_Pen
Deeb, Z. A. (2005). A taxonomy of translation problems in translating from English into Arabic [Doctoral dissertation, Newcastle University]. Newcastle University Library. https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/229
Đorđević, J. P. (2017). Translation techniques revisited: The applicability of existing
solutions in non-literary translation. Facta Universitatis, Series: Linguistics and Literature,
15(1), 35-47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319852039Translation_techniques_revisited_The_applicability_of_existing_solutions_in_non-literary_translation
Eftekhary, A. & Aminizadeh, S. (2012). Investigating the use of thinking aloud protocols in translation of literary texts. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(5), 1039-1047. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Investigating-the-Use-of-Thinking-Aloud-Protocols-Eftekhary-Aminizadeh/cac3ac6d831fbe2a99947077918c117ae73bf6c9
Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ericsson, K. A. & Simon, H. A. (1993). Protocol analysis: Verbal reports a data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/4763/Protocol-AnalysisVerbal-Reports-as-Data
Fox, M. C., Ericsson, K. A., & Best, R. (2011). Do procedures for verbal reporting of thinking have to be reactive?: A meta-analysis and recommendations for best reporting methods. Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), 316–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021663
Garipova, A. & Latypov, N. (2019). Think-aloud protocols, eye-tracking and key-logging in identification and addressing translation challenges. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,7(6), 98-101. https://mgesjournals.com/hssr/article/download/2034/2093
Jakobsen, A. L. (2003). Effects of think aloud on translation speed, revision and segmentation. In F. Alves (Ed.), Triangulating Translation. Perspective in Process Oriented Research (pp. 69-95). Amesterdam & Phiadelphia: John Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.45.08jak
Janaviciene, I. (2016). Translation of culture-specific items from English into Lithuanian: The case of O. Henry’s short stories. Eurpean Acdemic Research, 4(5), 4832-4845. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327580278_Translation_of_Culture-Specific_Items_from_English_into_Lithuanian_the_Case_of_O_Henry's_Short_Stories
Khorasani, S. R. & Yousefi, M. (2016). Uncertainty and uncertainty management in EFL translators. English language Pedagogy and Practice, 14, 120-145. https://www.noormags.ir/view/ar/articlepage/66636/139/text
Khudaybergenova, Z. (2021). About the concept of "Translation Strategies" in the translation studies. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 1369-1385. https://www.google.com/search?q=About+the+concept+of+%22Translation+Strategies%22+in+the+translation+studies&sxsrf=AJOqlzXlwcBjf0DtrtaqqtEgCr
Kussmaul, P. & Tirkkonen-Condit, S. (1995). Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis in Translation Studies. TTR: Traduction, terminologie, redaction, 8(1), 177-199. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291411954Think-Aloud_Protocol_Analysis_in_Translation_Studies
Kussmaul, P. (2005). Translation through visualization. Meta,50(2). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Translation-through-Visualization-Kussmaul/c68fd4551311bd0fb3f525d5bb486e8e2bec83ce
Lucito, M. (2020). The analysis of students’ difficulties and strategies used in English translation process. Journal of English Teaching and Linguistics, 1(1), 15-27. https://ejournal.unida-aceh.ac.id/index.php/jetli/article/view/6
Lörscher, W. (1991). Translation performance, translation process, and translation strategies. A psycholinguistic investigation. Meta, 38(2), 353–355. https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/meta/1993-v38-n2-meta340/003339ar/
Machida, S. (2011). Translation in teaching a foreign (Second) Language: A methodological perspective. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2(4), 740-746. http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol02/04/02.pdf
Munday, J. (2010). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Neveu, A. (2019). Reading for and about translation in translator training. inTRAlinea, Special Issue: New Insights into Translator Training. http://www.intralinea.org/specials/article/reading_forand_about_translation_in_translator_training
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
Omolu, F. A. & Mappewali, A. (2020). Thinking aloud protocol for smart translation.
Premise: Journal of English Education and Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 42-60.
https://fkip.ummetro.ac.id/journal/index.php/english
Owji, Z. (2013). Translation strategies: A review and comparison of theories. Translation Journal, 17(1), 1-8. https://translationjournal.net/Featured-Article/translation-strategies-a-review-and-comparison-of-theories.html
Pavlović, T. (2013). The role of collaborative translation protocols (CTPs) in translation studies. Jezikoslovlje. 14, 549-563.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287198087The_role_of_collaborative_translation_protocols_CTPs_in_translation_studies
Waddington, C. (2001). Different methods of evaluating student translations: The question of validity. Meta, 46(2), 311–325. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336104830Translation_product_quality_A_conceptual_analysis
Wirantaka, A. & Fijanah, M. S. (2021). Effective use of Google Translate in writing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation Track Humanities Education and Social Sciences. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icsihess-21/125967882
Yanti, M. & Meka, L. M. C. (2019). The students’ perception in using Google Translate as a media in translation class. Proceedings of the 3rd INACELT (International Conference on English Language Teaching). https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/JELTS/article/download/12016/8392
Zhao, H. (2019). A Quantitative and qualitative analysis of strategy of translation based on TAPs. International Journal of Language and Linguistics,7(5), 182-187. https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=501&doi=10.11648/j.ijll.20190705.11
Zhou, Y. & Lin, Y. (2012). Probe into translation process based on think-aloud protocols. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(7), 1376-1386. http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol02/07/07.pdf
Published
2023-06-25
How to Cite
AL-MUFTI, Z. M., & AL-RUBAI’I, A. M. H. (2023). STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH-INTO-KURDISH AND ARABIC TRANSLATION ADOPTED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE TRANSLATION QUALITY. Journal of Duhok University, 26(1), 677-689. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2023.26.1.42
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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