KURDISH EFL UNIVERSITY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN SPEAKING CLASSES
Keywords:
Teaching speaking classes, Authentic materials, EFL teachers, EFL students
Abstract
Instructional materials have a crucial role in EFL classrooms. Using authentic materials is supported by many professionals and scholars in the filed of language pedagogy. This study tries to examine the attitudes of Kurdish EFL teachers and students towards using authentic materials in teaching speaking classes at university. To achieve this goal, the study adopted a mixed method that includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The participnts of the current study included 184 second-year students and 12 teachers at the English Department from three public universities in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The data were collected through two instruments, including a questionnaire and an interview.The findings indicated that both teachers and students had a positive attitude towards using authentic materials in speaking classes. The participants preferred using these materials in the class and regarded them as effective teaching tools for enhancing students’ speaking skills. Moreover, the results showed that the use of authentic materials expose EFL learners to the real-life language, create an enjoyable learning environment, boost students motivation and interest, and develop their cultural awareness. The respondents agreed that videos, songs, movies, and the internet were the most appealing types of authentic materials
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References
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Al-Musallam, E.I. (2009).College Instructors’ and Learners’ Attitudes to Authentic EFL Reading Materials in Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal (A published master’s thesis form the University of King Saud), 1-150.
Allag, B. (2017) Investigating EFL Students’ and Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Use of Authentic Materials in EFL the Listening Classrooms (A published master thesis by the Larbi Ben M’hidi University), 1-129
Brinton, D.M. (2001). The Use of Media in Language Teaching. In M. Celce-Murcia (3rd ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, (pp. 459-476). Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bacon, S. M., & Finnemann, M. D. (1990). A Study of the Attitudes, Motives, and Strategies of University Foreign Language Students and Their Disposition to Authentic Oral and Written Input. The Modern Language Journal, 74, 459-473.
Barzani, S. H., Barzani, I. H., & Meena, R. S. (2022). Investigating Kurdish EFL Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of Authentic Materials in Learning English. Canadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 2(1), 1-13.
Berardo, S. A. (2006). The use of authentic materials in the teaching of reading. The Reading Matrix, 6, 60-69.
Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of Sampling in Research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5, 157-163.
Brown, J. D., & Rodgers, T. S. (2002). Doing second language research (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Byrne, D. (1998). Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. London ; New York: Routledge.
Chaney, A. L., & Burk, T. L. (1998). Teaching oral communication in grades K-8 (1st ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded Theory Research: Procedures,Canons, and Evaluative Criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13, 3-21.
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies, 2, 25-36.
Garajayev, A., Rochsantiningsih, D., & Siswantoro. (2018). Improving Students’ Speaking Competence Using Authentic Materials. English Education Journal, 6, 201-209.
Gebhard, J. G. (1996). Teaching English As A Foreign or Second Language A Self-Development and Methodology Guide (3rd ed.). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Gilmore, A. (2007). Authentic materials and authenticity in foreign language learning. Language teaching, 40, 97-118.
Guariento, W., & Morley, J. (2001). Text and task authentic in the EFL classroom. ELT journal, 55, 347-353.
Harmer, J. (1990). The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Longman Press.
Haines, S. (1995). For & against authentic materials. Modern English Teacher, 60-64.
Halima, B., & Karima, B. (2016).The Effect of Using Authentic Materials on EFL Students’ Speaking Skill. The Case of: First Year LMD Students at the University of 08 Mai 1945, Guelma. Thèses-Algérie. (A published master’s thesis by the university of 8 mai 1945. Guelma), 1-126
Islam, T. (2015). A Comparative Study on the Use of Authentic and Non-Authentic Material for Language Classroom at Tertiary Level. (A bachelor's thesis published by the University of Brac ), 1-45
Keong, Y. C., Ali, A. I., & Hameed, F. W. (2015). Speaking Competence of Iraqi EFL Undergraduates of Garmiyan University. International Journal of Education and Research, 3, 157-170.
Kilickaya, F. (2004). Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms. The Internet ELT Journal, 7, 10.
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language. Pergamon Press Inc: Oxford.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lingzhu, J., & Zhang, Y.(2010). The use of authentic materials in teaching EFL listening. Humanizing language teaching. ISSN 1755-9715. Retrieved from, http//www.hl.co.uk/.htm#top):
Martinez, A. G. (2002). Authentic Materials: An Overview. Free Resources for Teachers and Students of English. Karen’s Linguistics Issues, 1-7.
Miller, M. (2005). Improving aural comprehension skills in EFL, using authentic materials: an experiment with university students in Nigata, Japan. Unpublished Masteral thesis, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Mahi, A. (2017).Teachers’ Attitudes towards Authentic and Non- Authentic Materials in Speaking Classrooms: Case of first year EFL Teachers at the University of Tlemcen. Thèses-Algérie (A published master’s thesis by the University of Tlemcen), 1-67.
Masgoret, A.–M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta–Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associate. Language Learning, 53, 123-163.
McGrath, I. (2002). Materials Evaluation and Design for Language Teaching (1st ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McNeill, A. (1994). What Makes Authentic Materials Different? The Case of English Language Materials for Educational Television. In Annual International Language in Education Conference. Hong Kong.
Mishan, F. (2005). Designing authenticity into language learning materials. UK: Portland or, USA: Bristol: Intellect Books.
Muh.Syafei, Nuraeningsih, & Rusiana. (2015). Students’ Perception on the Implementation of Authentic Materials in Teaching Speaking. PROMINENT Journal, 1-18.
Nunan, D., & Carter, R. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Nunan, D., & Carter, R. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Noble, H., & Mitchell, G. (2016). What is grounded theory? Evidence-Based Nursing, 19(2), 34-35. doi:10.1136/eb-2016-102306
Omar, F. R., & Husen Fooad Mekael. (2020). Investigating EFL Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Use of Authentic Materials in Teaching English in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. European Scientific Journal, 16, 131-150.
Peacock, M. (1997). The effect of authentic materials on the motivation of EFL learners. ELT Journal, 51, 144-156.
Polio, C. (2014). Using authentic materials in the beginning language classroom. Clear News, 18, 3-7.
Richards, J. (2001). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
Samimy, K. K. (1992). Affective Variables and a Less Commonly Taught Language: A Study in Beginning Japanese Classes. ResearchGate, 42, 377 - 398.
Sanderson, P. (1999). Using Newspapers in the Classroom (Cambridge Handbooks for Language Teachers) (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge University Press.
Scrivener, J. (2011). Learning Teaching (3rd ed.). Macmillan Education.
Sherman, J. (2003). Using authentic video in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, A. N. (1971). The Importance of Attitude in Foreign Language Learning. The Modern Language Journal, 55, 82-88.
Underwood, M. (1989). Teaching listening. London:: Longman.
Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching: Practice and theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Vandergrift, L. (1997). The Comprehension Strategies of Second Language (French) Listeners: A Descriptive Study. Foreign Language Annals, 30, 387-409.
Amel, B. (2019). Developing Students’ Oral Performances through the Use of Authentic Materials the Case of Second Year LMD Students of English at Batna-2 University. Thèses en ligne de l'Université Batna 2(A published PhD thesis by the Batna-2 University), 1-330.
Al-Musallam, E.I. (2009).College Instructors’ and Learners’ Attitudes to Authentic EFL Reading Materials in Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal (A published master’s thesis form the University of King Saud), 1-150.
Allag, B. (2017) Investigating EFL Students’ and Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Use of Authentic Materials in EFL the Listening Classrooms (A published master thesis by the Larbi Ben M’hidi University), 1-129
Brinton, D.M. (2001). The Use of Media in Language Teaching. In M. Celce-Murcia (3rd ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, (pp. 459-476). Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bacon, S. M., & Finnemann, M. D. (1990). A Study of the Attitudes, Motives, and Strategies of University Foreign Language Students and Their Disposition to Authentic Oral and Written Input. The Modern Language Journal, 74, 459-473.
Barzani, S. H., Barzani, I. H., & Meena, R. S. (2022). Investigating Kurdish EFL Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of Authentic Materials in Learning English. Canadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 2(1), 1-13.
Berardo, S. A. (2006). The use of authentic materials in the teaching of reading. The Reading Matrix, 6, 60-69.
Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of Sampling in Research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5, 157-163.
Brown, J. D., & Rodgers, T. S. (2002). Doing second language research (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Byrne, D. (1998). Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. London ; New York: Routledge.
Chaney, A. L., & Burk, T. L. (1998). Teaching oral communication in grades K-8 (1st ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded Theory Research: Procedures,Canons, and Evaluative Criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13, 3-21.
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies, 2, 25-36.
Garajayev, A., Rochsantiningsih, D., & Siswantoro. (2018). Improving Students’ Speaking Competence Using Authentic Materials. English Education Journal, 6, 201-209.
Gebhard, J. G. (1996). Teaching English As A Foreign or Second Language A Self-Development and Methodology Guide (3rd ed.). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Gilmore, A. (2007). Authentic materials and authenticity in foreign language learning. Language teaching, 40, 97-118.
Guariento, W., & Morley, J. (2001). Text and task authentic in the EFL classroom. ELT journal, 55, 347-353.
Harmer, J. (1990). The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Longman Press.
Haines, S. (1995). For & against authentic materials. Modern English Teacher, 60-64.
Halima, B., & Karima, B. (2016).The Effect of Using Authentic Materials on EFL Students’ Speaking Skill. The Case of: First Year LMD Students at the University of 08 Mai 1945, Guelma. Thèses-Algérie. (A published master’s thesis by the university of 8 mai 1945. Guelma), 1-126
Islam, T. (2015). A Comparative Study on the Use of Authentic and Non-Authentic Material for Language Classroom at Tertiary Level. (A bachelor's thesis published by the University of Brac ), 1-45
Keong, Y. C., Ali, A. I., & Hameed, F. W. (2015). Speaking Competence of Iraqi EFL Undergraduates of Garmiyan University. International Journal of Education and Research, 3, 157-170.
Kilickaya, F. (2004). Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms. The Internet ELT Journal, 7, 10.
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language. Pergamon Press Inc: Oxford.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lingzhu, J., & Zhang, Y.(2010). The use of authentic materials in teaching EFL listening. Humanizing language teaching. ISSN 1755-9715. Retrieved from, http//www.hl.co.uk/.htm#top):
Martinez, A. G. (2002). Authentic Materials: An Overview. Free Resources for Teachers and Students of English. Karen’s Linguistics Issues, 1-7.
Miller, M. (2005). Improving aural comprehension skills in EFL, using authentic materials: an experiment with university students in Nigata, Japan. Unpublished Masteral thesis, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Mahi, A. (2017).Teachers’ Attitudes towards Authentic and Non- Authentic Materials in Speaking Classrooms: Case of first year EFL Teachers at the University of Tlemcen. Thèses-Algérie (A published master’s thesis by the University of Tlemcen), 1-67.
Masgoret, A.–M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta–Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associate. Language Learning, 53, 123-163.
McGrath, I. (2002). Materials Evaluation and Design for Language Teaching (1st ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McNeill, A. (1994). What Makes Authentic Materials Different? The Case of English Language Materials for Educational Television. In Annual International Language in Education Conference. Hong Kong.
Mishan, F. (2005). Designing authenticity into language learning materials. UK: Portland or, USA: Bristol: Intellect Books.
Muh.Syafei, Nuraeningsih, & Rusiana. (2015). Students’ Perception on the Implementation of Authentic Materials in Teaching Speaking. PROMINENT Journal, 1-18.
Nunan, D., & Carter, R. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Nunan, D., & Carter, R. (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Noble, H., & Mitchell, G. (2016). What is grounded theory? Evidence-Based Nursing, 19(2), 34-35. doi:10.1136/eb-2016-102306
Omar, F. R., & Husen Fooad Mekael. (2020). Investigating EFL Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Use of Authentic Materials in Teaching English in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. European Scientific Journal, 16, 131-150.
Peacock, M. (1997). The effect of authentic materials on the motivation of EFL learners. ELT Journal, 51, 144-156.
Polio, C. (2014). Using authentic materials in the beginning language classroom. Clear News, 18, 3-7.
Richards, J. (2001). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
Samimy, K. K. (1992). Affective Variables and a Less Commonly Taught Language: A Study in Beginning Japanese Classes. ResearchGate, 42, 377 - 398.
Sanderson, P. (1999). Using Newspapers in the Classroom (Cambridge Handbooks for Language Teachers) (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge University Press.
Scrivener, J. (2011). Learning Teaching (3rd ed.). Macmillan Education.
Sherman, J. (2003). Using authentic video in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, A. N. (1971). The Importance of Attitude in Foreign Language Learning. The Modern Language Journal, 55, 82-88.
Underwood, M. (1989). Teaching listening. London:: Longman.
Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching: Practice and theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Vandergrift, L. (1997). The Comprehension Strategies of Second Language (French) Listeners: A Descriptive Study. Foreign Language Annals, 30, 387-409.
Published
2023-07-04
How to Cite
AWLA , D. J., & SADIQ, H. M. (2023). KURDISH EFL UNIVERSITY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN SPEAKING CLASSES. Journal of Duhok University, 26(1), 1059-1077. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2023.26.1.64
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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