SAPROPHYTIC COMPETITION OF SOIL MICROFLORA AND Rhizoctonia Solani IN THE ROTATING AMENDED COMPOSTS PLANTED BY TOMATO

ASMAR, A. YOUSEF; WAZEER A. HASSAN; KHADEEJA A. SAIDO; IBRAHIM E. TAHER

doi:10.26682/avuod.2019.21.1.7

ASMAR, A. YOUSEF Dept. Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
WAZEER A. HASSAN Dept. Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
KHADEEJA A. SAIDO Dept. Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
IBRAHIM E. TAHER Dept. Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.21.1.7

Keywords: T. harzianum., microbial activity., compost;

Abstract

The succession competitiveness of predominant saprophytic fungi, and bacteria colonized different amended composts, inoculated with propagules of Rhizoctonia solani were investigated after 20 and 40 days of the first and second rotation of tomato seedlings. Fungal communities of Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium sp., Penicillium spp., and a bacterium of Bacillus subtilis were isolated from substrates of pine leaf litter, mushroom^'s compost1, and control of (sandy loam soil). Microbial population occurred in a range of 1.88-2.4×10 ⁴cfu gm ^-1, this density decline in the mushcom 2 to 0.52 and 0.75×10 ⁴cfu gm ^-1during both rotations, respectively.

Amended composts with formulation of T. harzianum (T.h) and B. subtilis 10% at 10gm/kg tomato seeds were instigated the saprobes competition during both rotations when insulated with 2.3 and 2.4×10 ⁴cfu gm^-1. T. viride which was also heartening a comparable development of competitive saprobes particularly in the second rotation which observed with 1.87 and 2.15×10 ⁴cfu gm ^-1. The highest frequency for each of Penicillium spp.,with 16.3 ×10 ⁴cfu gm ^-1and B. subtilis with 18.7 ×10 ⁴cfu gm ^-1 were detected in the first rotation colonizing substrates of pine leaf litter and ( mushcom 1 ) amended with T. h. & B. sublilis. Therefore, these species are capable to develop and compete the pathogen in space and nourishment even under conditions of nutrient deficiency, hence, colonized of Penicillium spp in non-amended sandy loam soil remarkably with 5.33×10⁴ cfu gm^-1.

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