INFLUENCE OF SEEDS SOAKING PERIODS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HUMIC ACID IN IMPROVEMENT THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF BITTER ORANGE SEEDS (Citrus aurantium)
Keywords:
Bitter orange;, Soaking periods;, Germination;
Abstract
This investigation was carried out during the growing season of 2017 in the lath house belonged to the nursery of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture ⁄ University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The study aimed to the assess the positive influence of using humic acid in improving the growth of Bitter orange seeds (Citrus aurantium ) which soaked for 5, 10, and 15 hours in concentrations 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg·L–1 humic acid and the interactions between them. The obtained results showed that the soaked the bitter orange seeds were treated with for 15 hours recorded a significant increase stem diameter (mm), root length (cm), leaves number and leaves dry weight%, when seeds soaked 10 hours a significant increase seedling height(cm), leaf area(cm2), germination%, (leaves, shoot and root dry weight % ) while the seeds soaked for 5hours significantly increase leaf area(cm2), germination% and shoot dry weight% , for the interaction between the soaking periods (hr) and humic acid concentration shows that the seeds soaking in 10 hours with 1500 mg.L-1 gave the best results with the germination (%), leaves number, seedling height(cm) and (shoot , root dry weight %). Also the seeds soaking with humic acid at 1500 mg.L-1 at 15 hours improvement the chlorophyll (%), leaves dry weight (%) and root length (cm).
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References
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-Tang, W. and G. Eisenbrand, (1992) Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Use in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 931-943.
-Tatini, M.; Bertoni, P; A. Landi; M.L. Traversi (1991): Effect of humic acids on growth and biomass portioning of container-grown olive plants. Acta Horticulturae 294: 75-80.
-Yousef, A. R.M.; H. S. Emam and M. M. S. Saleh (2011). Olive seedlings growth as affected by humicand amino acids, macro and trace elements applications. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2(7): 1101-1107.
-Zhang, X. and E. H. Ervin (2004). Cytokinin-containing seaweed and humic acid extracts associated with creeping bent grass leaf cytokinins and drought resistance. Crop Science 44: 1737-1745.
-Agha, J.T. and D.A. Daoud (1991). Evergreen Fruit Production (Part 1), Mousl university , Iraq, (In Arabic).
-Alalaf, A. H. and A. T. Shayal-Alalam. (2014). Effect of addition organic fertilizer, Neutrogreen and foliar application of Salicylic acid in the growth and development of seedlings of two figs varietie. Journal of Mesopotamia, Mosul University.42: 21-30.
-Anonymous (2008). Yearbook of statistics of Ministry of Agriculture. (Agricultural Economical and Statistical Department, Arab Republic of Egypt: Cairo) [In Arabic].
-Asik, B.B.; M.A. Turan; H. Celik and A.V. Katkat, (2009). Effects of humic substances on plant growth and mineral nutrients uptake of wheat (Triticum durum cv. Salihli) under conditions of salinity. Asian J. Crop Sci., 1: 87-95.
-Aydin, A. ; C. Kant and Turan, M. (2012). Humic Acid Application Alleviate Salinity Stress of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Decreasing Membrane Leakage. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 1073-1086 .
- Cacco, G.; E. Attina`; A. Gelsomino and M. Sidari (2000). Effect of nitrate and humic substances of different molecular size on kinetic parameters of nitrate uptake in wheat seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 163: 313–320.
-Canellas, L.P.; F.L. Olivares; A.L. Facanha-Okorokova and A.R. Facanha (2002). Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and -plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in maize roorts, Plant Physiology. 30: 1951–1957.
-Castle, W.S. (1982). Commercial citrus rootstocks in the United States. Fruit varieties journal, 36: 74-79.
-Celil, T.; M. Kaplankran; T.H. Demirkeser and E. Yildiz (2008). The effects of citrus rootstocks on Valencia Late and Rhode Red Valencia oranges for some plant nutrient elements. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 7 (24):4441-4445.
-Chen, Y.; M. De Nobili and T. Aviad (2004). Stimulatory ef-fects of humic substances on plant growth. In: Mag-doff F., Weil R.R. (Eds.), Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 103–130.
-Cohen, A. (1956). Studies on the viability of citrus seeds and certain properties of their seed coats. Bull. Res. Council Israel Sec. D. 5:200-209.
- Donnell, R.W. (1973). The auxin-like effects of humic preparations from leonardite. Soil Sci., 116: 106- 1129.
-El-Ghamry A.M.; K.M. Abd El-Hai and K.M. Ghoneem (2009). Amino and humic acids promote growth, yield and disease resistance of faba bean cultivated in clayey soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Ap-plied Sciences 3: 731–739.
-Fernandez-Escobar R.; M. Benlloch; D. Barranco; A. Duenas and J.A. Gutérrez Ganan (1999). Response of olive trees to foliar application of humic substances extracted from leonardite. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 66, (3-4), 191-200.
-Ferrara, G, and G. Brunetti (2010). Effects of the times of application of a soil humic acid on berry quality of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Italia. Spanish J. Agric., Res. 8(3): 817 – 822.
-Gobara, A. A. (1998). Response of Lecont Pear trees of foliar application of some nutrients, Egypt. J. Hort. 25: 55-70.
-Hagagg, L.F.; M. F. M. Shahin and M. M. M. El-Migeed (2011). Effect of NPK and humic substance applications on vegetative growth of Egazy olive seedlings. Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 11(6):807 – 811.
-Hassan, H.S.A. ; M. Abou Rawash ; F. Laila; H. El-Wakeel and A. Abdel-Galel (2010). Response of Klamata olive young trees to mineral, organic nitrogen fertilization and some other treatments. Nature and Science, 8(11): 59-65.Senesi,
-Katkat A.V.; H. Celik and M.A. Turan (2009). Effects of Soil and Foliar Applications of Humic Substances on Dry Weight and Mineral Nutrients Uptake of Wheat under Calcareous Soil Conditions. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 1266-1273, 2009.
-Khaled, H., and H. Fawy (2011). Effect of Different Levels of Humic acids on the Nutrient Content, Plant Growth, and Soil Properties under Conditions of Salinity. Soil and Water Res. 1: 21-29.
-Mansour, E.R. (2007). Effect of some culture practices on cauliflower tolerance to salinity under Ras Suder conditions. M. Sc. Thesis. Fac. of Agric., Horticulture Dept. Ain Shams Univ.
-Mart, I. (2007). Fertilizers, organic fertilizers, plant and ag-ricultural fertilizers. Agro and Food Business Newsletter, i–iv.
-Nardi, S.; D. Pizzeghello; A. Muscolo and A. Vianello (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 34:1527 – 1536.
-Patil R. (2010). Effect of potassium humate and depro-teinised juice (DPJ) on seed germination and seed-ling growth of wheat and jowar. Annals of Biolog-ical Research 1: 148–151.
-Preuss, H.G.; D. DiFerdinando; M. Bagchi and D. Bagchi (2002).Citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an overview. J. Med. 33, 247–264.
-Salman S.R;, S.D. Abou-hussein, ; Abdel-Mawgoud and M. A. El-Nemr.( 2005). Fruit yield and quality of watermelon as affected by hybrids and humic acid application. J App Sci Res;1(1): 51-58.
-Stephen (2008). http://www.employees. csbsju.edu /ssaupe/index.html
-Suryawanshi, J. and A. Saonere (2011). Overview of Citrus aurantium used in Treatment of Various Diseases, African Journal of Plant Science., 391-395.
-Tang, W. and G. Eisenbrand, (1992) Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Use in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 931-943.
-Tatini, M.; Bertoni, P; A. Landi; M.L. Traversi (1991): Effect of humic acids on growth and biomass portioning of container-grown olive plants. Acta Horticulturae 294: 75-80.
-Yousef, A. R.M.; H. S. Emam and M. M. S. Saleh (2011). Olive seedlings growth as affected by humicand amino acids, macro and trace elements applications. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2(7): 1101-1107.
-Zhang, X. and E. H. Ervin (2004). Cytokinin-containing seaweed and humic acid extracts associated with creeping bent grass leaf cytokinins and drought resistance. Crop Science 44: 1737-1745.
Published
2019-01-01
How to Cite
ABDULRHMAN, A. S. (2019). INFLUENCE OF SEEDS SOAKING PERIODS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HUMIC ACID IN IMPROVEMENT THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF BITTER ORANGE SEEDS (Citrus aurantium). Journal of Duhok University, 21(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.21.1.8
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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