PREVALENCE OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS IN  KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ

HAVAL ABDULLAH  KHUDHER; ZAINAB M.  ALZUBAIDY; JASEM M.  ABDO

doi:10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.2.16

HAVAL ABDULLAH KHUDHER Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
ZAINAB M. ALZUBAIDY Dept. of Biology, College of Sciences, Diyala University-Iraq
JASEM M. ABDO Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, college of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.2.16

Keywords: Antibiotics, Resistance, Vancomycin, Bacteria, Dairy Product

Abstract

The context highlights the importance of Staphylococcus aureus as a potential cause of foodborne illnesses, its capacity to become resistant to antibiotics such as vancomycin, and the possible dangers posed by dairy products contaminated with VRSA to public wellbeing. The main aim of the research is to gauge the prevalence of VRSA in dairy items within the Kurdistan Region, revealing potential risks to both food security and the well-being of consumers. So, in this study, the resistance of 69 of S. aureus bacteria isolated from 300 Kurdish locally cheese, hard cheese, soft cheese, yogurt, samples to six types of antibiotics (clindamycin, tetracycline, Rifampicin, erythromycin, vancomycin and Ampicillin) were evaluated. The 69 isolates were identified by Vitec system2, also confirmed by specific primer of 16SrRNA gene, those isolated both results are the same. Antimicrobial resistance of strains to six antibiotics was determined by using Vitec system2, and disc diffusion method. The antibacterial resistance among all the isolated were detected against Erythromycin 53(77%), clindamycin 65(94), vancomycin 25(36%), tetracycline 62(90%), Rifampicin 61(88%), ampicillin 69(100%). Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by polymer chain reaction and the following genes were detected, in totally 19 isolated present Van (A), and 16 isolated present Van(B) from 25 isolated they were resistance to vancomycin as antibacterial

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abebe, E., et al. (2020). "Review on major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens." Journal of tropical medicine 2020.
Abebe, E., et al. (2020). "Review on major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens." 2020.
Afshari, A., et al. (2022). "Methicillin-and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from hospital foods: Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns." 79(11): 326.
Alakbaree, M., et al. (2022). In-vitro characterization of thrombolytic activity of staphylokinase produced by Staphylococcus aureus S1. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC.
Becker, K., et al. (2015). "Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and other catalase‐positive cocci." 354-382.
Boukharouba, A. (2022). Isolation and Identification of Foodborne Pathogens of Special Interest in Food Safety, Universitat Politècnica de València.
Chesneau, O., et al. (2000). "Retrospective screening for heterogeneous vancomycin resistance in diverse Staphylococcus aureus clones disseminated in French hospitals." 45(6): 887-890.
Cong, Y., et al. (2020). "Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of case updating and clinical features." 21: 169-176.
Davies, J. and D. Davies (2010). "Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance." Microbiology and molecular biology reviews 74(3): 417-433.
Dizaj, S. M., et al. (2015). "Antimicrobial activity of carbon-based nanoparticles." Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin 5(1): 19.
Dugassa, J. and N. Shukuri (2017). "Review on antibiotic resistance and its mechanism of development." Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing 1(3): 1-17.
Dugassa, J., et al. (2017). "Review on antibiotic resistance and its mechanism of development." 1(3): 1-17.
Elbehiry, A., et al. (2016). "Performance of MALDI biotyper compared with Vitek™ 2 compact system for fast identification and discrimination of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis." 5(6): 1061-1070.
Hernández-Cortez, C., et al. (2017). "Food poisoning caused by bacteria (food toxins)." Poisoning: From specific toxic agents to novel rapid and simplified techniques for analysis 33.
Ishaq, A., et al. (2021). "Prospect of microbial food borne diseases in Pakistan: a review." 81: 940-953.
Lu, Y., et al. (2023). "Modulation of MRSA virulence gene expression by the wall teichoic acid enzyme TarO." 14(1): 1594.
Manukumar, H. and S. J. S. r. Umesha (2017). "MALDI-TOF-MS based identification and molecular characterization of food associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." 7(1): 11414.
Mushore, J. and M. Matuvhunye (2013). "Antibacterial properties of Mangifera indica on Staphylococcus
Oliveira, A. P. D. d., et al. (2020). "Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strains from milk and goat cheese and evaluation of their inhibition by gallic acid, nisin and velame of the Brazilian caatinga." 73(2): 345-356.
Patel, R., et al. (2018). "Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw cattle milk and their drug resistance pattern." 7(2): 836-840.
Thomas, S., et al. (2016). "Future challenges for vaccinologists." 41-55.
Uyttendaele, M., et al. (2015). "Microbial hazards in irrigation water: standards, norms, and testing to manage use of water in fresh produce primary production." 14(4): 336-356.
Yuan, Q., et al. (2020). "Subgingival Microbes." 145-210