IMAGING EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTED TEETH BY USING AN ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHY IN KURDISTAN REGION –IRAQ
Keywords:
OPG, Canine Impaction, Impacted Teeth, Molar Impaction, Radiographic Study
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and etiology of teeth impaction in OPG images, focusing on the third molars and canines.
Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, encompassing the three major cities of Duhok, Erbil, and Sulimanyia. The study included 6374 patients who underwent OPG for impaction assessment, including 2819 (44.23%) males and 3555 (55.77%) females. The angulation of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars (IMTMs) (Winter, 1926) was used to analyze independent variables in this study. Results. Molar impaction was the most common type of impaction, affecting 1498 (87.04%) of the 1721 impacted teeth, with a higher proportion of females (909, 60.68%) than males (589, 39.32%). Class 2 level B (32.58%), class 3 level C (32.15%), and class 2 level A (10.50%) were the most prevalent Pell types and levels for left LM (p-value = 0.0001 for all, p value = 0.2946 for class 3 levels B). Class 2 levels B (30.91%), class 3 Level C (26.20%), and Class 2 Level A (11.78%) for right LM showed a statistically significant difference between male and female patients for the left DM.
Conclusion: The most frequent types of impacted LM were the maxillary and canine teeth. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on the factors that influence impaction and provide insights for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies
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References
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Afify & Zawawi. (2012). The prevalence of dental anomalies in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. ISRN Dentistry., 5. doi:10.5402/2012/837270.837270
Ahmet & Yildiray. (2014). Comparison between panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography findings for assessment of the relationship between impacted mandibular third molars and the mandibular canal. Oral Radiol., 30, 170-8.
AITASALO, et al. (1972). An orthopantomographic study of prevalence of impacted teeth. Iltt. J. oral Surg., 1, 117-120.
Al Fawzan, et al. (2017). Prevalence of maxillary canine impaction in orthodontics at Eastern Riyadh specialized dental center. IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci. 16,, 16, 72–74.
Alamri et al. (2020). Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in Saudi Patients Attending Dental Clinics in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Retrospective Study. The Scientific World Journal, 2020, 6.
Al-Faleh. (2009). Completely impacted teeth in dentate and edentulous jaws. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, 29, 255-260.
Alrwuili,et al. (2016). Prevalence and localization of impacted canine among Al-Qurayyat orthodontic patients: a study conducted over the period of 4 years,”. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, 36(1).
Alyami, et al. (2020). Prevalence and pattern of impacted canines in Najran, South Western Saudi Arabian population. Saudi Dental Journal, 32, 300-305.
Al-Zoubi et al. (2017). Frequency of impacted teeth and categorization of impacted canines: A retrospective radiographicstudy using orthopantomograms. Eur J Dent, 11, 117-21. doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_308_16
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Aydin, et al. (2004). Multiple impacted permanent and deciduous teeth. Dentomaxillofac Radiol., 33(2), 133-135.
Bishara. (1992). Impacted maxillary canines: A review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 101(2), 159-171.
Büyükkurt MC, T. S. (2010). Simulation of sinus floor augmentation with symphysis bone graft using three-dimensional computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg , 39(8):788–792. .
Celikoglu, et al. (2010). Investigation of Transmigrated and Impacted Maxillary and Mandibular Canine Teeth in an Orthodontic Patient Population. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,, 68(5), 1001-1006,.
Chu et al. (2003). Prevalence of impacted teeth and associated pathologies – a radiographic study of the Hong Kong Chinese population. Hong Kong Med J, 9, 158–163.
Dachi & Howell. (1961). A survey of 3874 routine full-mouth radiographs. II. A study of impacted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 14, 1165–1169.
Ericson & Kurol. (1986). Longitudinal study and analysis of clinical supervision of maxillary canine eruption. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 14, 112–6.
Ericson & Kurol. (1988). Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. Eur J Orthod., 10, 283–95.
Fardi et al. (2011). Incidence of impacted and supernumerary teeth-a radiographic study in a North Greek population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 16, e56-e61.
Gisakis, et al . (2011). Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Greek population Ioannis. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 2, 102–109.
Grover & Lorton. (1985). the incidence of unenrepted permenant teeth and related clinical cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 59(4), 420-425.
Haq. (2002). A Survey of reasons for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular third Molar in Armed Forces Personnel at AFID Rawalpindi. Pak Oral Dent J., 22, 137-9.
Kramer and Williams, . (1970). The incidence of impacted teeth,. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology,, 29(2), 237–241,.
Lapin. (1951). Practical management of the impacted maxillary cuspid. . Am J Orthod, 37, 769-78.
Lindauer et al. (1992). Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs. JADA, 123, 91-7.
Melha, et al. (2017). Canine impaction among Riyadh population: a single center experience,”. International Journal of Oral Health Sciences, 7(2), 93.
Msagati, et al . (2013). Pattern of occurrence and treatment of impacted teeth at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania. BMC Oral Health, 13, 37.
Othman. (2009). Impacted mandibular third molars among patients attending Hospital University Sains Malaysia. Archives of Orofacial Sciences , 4, 7-12.
Patil & Maheshwari . (2014). Prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth in the North Indian population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry., 6(2), e116–e20. doi:10.4317/jced.51284.
Pedro et al. . (2014). Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Brazilian subpopulation. . J Contemp Dent Pract., 15, 209–13.
Pell and Gregory. (1942). Report on a ten-year study of a tooth division technique for the removal of impacted teeth. American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, 28(11), B660–B666,.
Reddy. (2012). “Distribution of third molar impactions among rural and urban dwellers in the age group of 22–30 years in South India: a comparative study,”. Journal ofMaxillo- facial and Oral Surgery,, 11(3), 271–275.
Rózsa et al . (2003). Prevalence of impacted permanent upper canine and its treatment in 11-18-year-old orthodontic patients]. Fogorv Sz, 96, 65-69.
Stahl & Grabowski. (2003). Maxillary canine displacement and genetically determined predisposition to disturbed development of the dentition. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics /. Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie, 64(3), 167-177.
Stivaros & Mandall. (2000). Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines. . British Journal of Orthodontics, 27(2), 169-173.
Takahama & Aiyama. (1982, November). Maxillary canine impaction as a possible microform of cleft lip and palate. European Journal of Orthodontics,, 4(4), 275–277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/4.4.275
Tang. (2006). Impactions in adult dentition. Hong Kong Dental Journal 2006, 1, 7-13.
Winter. (1926). principles of exodontias as applied to the impacted third molar. In A. M. book, Management of Impacted Teeth (1st ed., pp. 241–279,). MO, USA: St. Louis.
Yemitan. (2018). Pattern of permanent canine impaction and associated retained deciduous canine of a Nigerian orthodontic patient population,”. Annals of Clinical Sciences, , 3(2), 34–38.
Zahrani. (1993). Impacted cuspids in a Saudi population: prevalence, etiology and complications. Egyptian Dental Journal, 39(1), 367–374,.
Afify & Zawawi. (2012). The prevalence of dental anomalies in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. ISRN Dentistry., 5. doi:10.5402/2012/837270.837270
Ahmet & Yildiray. (2014). Comparison between panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography findings for assessment of the relationship between impacted mandibular third molars and the mandibular canal. Oral Radiol., 30, 170-8.
AITASALO, et al. (1972). An orthopantomographic study of prevalence of impacted teeth. Iltt. J. oral Surg., 1, 117-120.
Al Fawzan, et al. (2017). Prevalence of maxillary canine impaction in orthodontics at Eastern Riyadh specialized dental center. IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci. 16,, 16, 72–74.
Alamri et al. (2020). Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in Saudi Patients Attending Dental Clinics in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Retrospective Study. The Scientific World Journal, 2020, 6.
Al-Faleh. (2009). Completely impacted teeth in dentate and edentulous jaws. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, 29, 255-260.
Alrwuili,et al. (2016). Prevalence and localization of impacted canine among Al-Qurayyat orthodontic patients: a study conducted over the period of 4 years,”. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, 36(1).
Alyami, et al. (2020). Prevalence and pattern of impacted canines in Najran, South Western Saudi Arabian population. Saudi Dental Journal, 32, 300-305.
Al-Zoubi et al. (2017). Frequency of impacted teeth and categorization of impacted canines: A retrospective radiographicstudy using orthopantomograms. Eur J Dent, 11, 117-21. doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_308_16
Arabion, et al . (2017.). “Prevalence of impacted teeth among young adults: a retrospective radiographic study,”. Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques, vol. 6, no. 3, pp., 6(3), 131–137,.
Aydin, et al. (2004). Multiple impacted permanent and deciduous teeth. Dentomaxillofac Radiol., 33(2), 133-135.
Bishara. (1992). Impacted maxillary canines: A review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 101(2), 159-171.
Büyükkurt MC, T. S. (2010). Simulation of sinus floor augmentation with symphysis bone graft using three-dimensional computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg , 39(8):788–792. .
Celikoglu, et al. (2010). Investigation of Transmigrated and Impacted Maxillary and Mandibular Canine Teeth in an Orthodontic Patient Population. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,, 68(5), 1001-1006,.
Chu et al. (2003). Prevalence of impacted teeth and associated pathologies – a radiographic study of the Hong Kong Chinese population. Hong Kong Med J, 9, 158–163.
Dachi & Howell. (1961). A survey of 3874 routine full-mouth radiographs. II. A study of impacted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 14, 1165–1169.
Ericson & Kurol. (1986). Longitudinal study and analysis of clinical supervision of maxillary canine eruption. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol., 14, 112–6.
Ericson & Kurol. (1988). Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. Eur J Orthod., 10, 283–95.
Fardi et al. (2011). Incidence of impacted and supernumerary teeth-a radiographic study in a North Greek population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 16, e56-e61.
Gisakis, et al . (2011). Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Greek population Ioannis. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 2, 102–109.
Grover & Lorton. (1985). the incidence of unenrepted permenant teeth and related clinical cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 59(4), 420-425.
Haq. (2002). A Survey of reasons for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular third Molar in Armed Forces Personnel at AFID Rawalpindi. Pak Oral Dent J., 22, 137-9.
Kramer and Williams, . (1970). The incidence of impacted teeth,. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology,, 29(2), 237–241,.
Lapin. (1951). Practical management of the impacted maxillary cuspid. . Am J Orthod, 37, 769-78.
Lindauer et al. (1992). Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs. JADA, 123, 91-7.
Melha, et al. (2017). Canine impaction among Riyadh population: a single center experience,”. International Journal of Oral Health Sciences, 7(2), 93.
Msagati, et al . (2013). Pattern of occurrence and treatment of impacted teeth at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania. BMC Oral Health, 13, 37.
Othman. (2009). Impacted mandibular third molars among patients attending Hospital University Sains Malaysia. Archives of Orofacial Sciences , 4, 7-12.
Patil & Maheshwari . (2014). Prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth in the North Indian population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry., 6(2), e116–e20. doi:10.4317/jced.51284.
Pedro et al. . (2014). Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Brazilian subpopulation. . J Contemp Dent Pract., 15, 209–13.
Pell and Gregory. (1942). Report on a ten-year study of a tooth division technique for the removal of impacted teeth. American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery, 28(11), B660–B666,.
Reddy. (2012). “Distribution of third molar impactions among rural and urban dwellers in the age group of 22–30 years in South India: a comparative study,”. Journal ofMaxillo- facial and Oral Surgery,, 11(3), 271–275.
Rózsa et al . (2003). Prevalence of impacted permanent upper canine and its treatment in 11-18-year-old orthodontic patients]. Fogorv Sz, 96, 65-69.
Stahl & Grabowski. (2003). Maxillary canine displacement and genetically determined predisposition to disturbed development of the dentition. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics /. Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie, 64(3), 167-177.
Stivaros & Mandall. (2000). Radiographic factors affecting the management of impacted upper permanent canines. . British Journal of Orthodontics, 27(2), 169-173.
Takahama & Aiyama. (1982, November). Maxillary canine impaction as a possible microform of cleft lip and palate. European Journal of Orthodontics,, 4(4), 275–277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/4.4.275
Tang. (2006). Impactions in adult dentition. Hong Kong Dental Journal 2006, 1, 7-13.
Winter. (1926). principles of exodontias as applied to the impacted third molar. In A. M. book, Management of Impacted Teeth (1st ed., pp. 241–279,). MO, USA: St. Louis.
Yemitan. (2018). Pattern of permanent canine impaction and associated retained deciduous canine of a Nigerian orthodontic patient population,”. Annals of Clinical Sciences, , 3(2), 34–38.
Zahrani. (1993). Impacted cuspids in a Saudi population: prevalence, etiology and complications. Egyptian Dental Journal, 39(1), 367–374,.
Published
2023-10-01
How to Cite
HANA, S. A., & SAEED, M. S. (2023). IMAGING EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTED TEETH BY USING AN ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHY IN KURDISTAN REGION –IRAQ. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.2.17
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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