PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF CADMIUM OXIDES NANOPARTICLES BY CRUDE EXTRACT OF URTICA DIOICA
Keywords:
Cadmium oxides; HPLC; Nanoparticles; Phytosynthesis; Urtica dioica
Abstract
This study was identifying the flavonoids in Urtica dioica and using this extract to phytosynthesis of Cadmium oxides nanoparticles: CdO, CdO2 with characterization about them. The results obtained from the HPLC analysis found nine compounds, which included: Rutin 26.14 % was most abundant, followed by Chlorogenic acid 22.2 %, Naringin, Meyrecetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Vanallic acid, Ellagic acid and Isorhamantin.
Two procedures were used to phytosynthesis NPs. The results showed that their average size (calculated by AFM) were: (75.25 and 70.34) nm for procedure1and procedure 2, respectively. From SEM study, there were nanorods particles produced by procedure 1 with dimensions range less than 50 nm, in addition, to nano plate with one diminution lower than 50 nm. While in procedure 2, the particles were spherical nanoparticles crystals with nanorods their sizes were (˂ 25) nm. The same features were seen in TEM images. The FTIR results showed strong bands are observed at (524.6 and 501.5) cm-1 for procedure 1 and 2, respectively, which attributed to Cd-O stretching vibrations. The XRD patterns of each procedure produce a mixture of nanoparticles: CdO and CdO2. The average crystallite size of NPs was: (14.74 and 13.97) nm for procedure 1 respectively, and (16.8 and 13.9) nm, respectively. From UV visible spectral, the absorption spectra exhibit strong absorption at 290 nm and 300 nm for procedures (1 and 2), respectively. Their energy band gaps were: (3 and 4.4) eV, respectively
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References
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Shalaby, M. S., Kodous, A. S., & Yousif, N. M. (2022). Structural, Optical characteristics and Anti-Cancer Effect of Cd0. 99Ni0. 01O Nanoparticles on Human Neuroblastoma and Cervical Cancer Cell lines. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 109583.
Shreyash, N., Bajpai, S., Khan, M. A., Vijay, Y., Tiwary, S. K., & Sonker, M. (2021). Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: a review. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(11), 11428-11457.
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Akbarian, M., Mahjoub, S., Elahi, S. M., Zabihi, E., & Tashakkorian, H. (2018). Urtica dioica L. extracts as a green catalyst for the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: characterization and cytotoxic effects on fibroblast and MCF-7 cell lines. New Journal of Chemistry, 42(8), 5822-5833.
Aldeen, T. S., Mohamed, H. E. A., & Maaza, M. (2020). Bio-inspired Single Phase Mountpoint cdo nanoparticles via natural extract of phoenix roebelenii palm leaves. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 30(11), 4691-4701.
Al-Hada, N. M., Saion, E., Talib, Z. A., & Shaari, A. H. (2016). The impact of polyvinylpyrrolidone on properties of cadmium oxide semiconductor nanoparticles manufactured by heat treatment technique. Polymers, 8(4), 113.
Amiri, M., Pardakhti, A., Ahmadi-Zeidabadi, M., Akbari, A., & Salavati-Niasari, M. (2018). Magnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles: Green synthesis by Urtica and therapeutic effect of frequency magnetic field on creating cytotoxic response in neural cell lines. Colloids and Surfaces B: Bio interfaces, 172, 244-253.
Anitha, M., Amalraj, L., & Anitha, N. (2017). Influence of precursor concentration on physical properties of CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using nebulizer. Applied Physics A, 123(12), 1-15.
Askarinejad, A., & Morsali, A. (2008). Syntheses and characterization of CdCO3 and CdO nanoparticles by using a sonochemical method. Materials Letters, 62(3), 478-482.
Balamurugan, S., Balu, A. R., Usharani, K., Suganya, M., Anitha, S., Prabha, D., & Ilangovan, S. (2016). Synthesis of CdO Nano powders by a simple soft chemical method and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering, 18(3), 228-232.
Barabadi, H., Tajani, B., Moradi, M., Damavandi Kamali, K., Meena, R., Honary, S., ... & Saravanan, M. (2019). Penicillium family as emerging nano factory for biosynthesis of green nanomaterials: a journey into the world of microorganisms. Journal of Cluster Science, 30(4), 843-856.
Choudhary, M. A., Manan, R., Aslam Mirza, M., Rashid Khan, H., Qayyum, S., & Ahmed, Z. (2018). Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application as antifungal agents. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Eng, 4, 1-6.
Dixit, A., Bala, R., Pareek, B., Chaudhary, A., Arora, S., Singh, D., ... & Jaswal, V. S. (2022). Green Synthesis of Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles with Various Plant Extracts and their Use as an Anticancer Agent. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(1):4.2022
Dong, Y.; Chui, Y.-S.; Yang, X.; Ma, R.; Lee, J. M. and Zapien, J. A. (2015). Facile synthesis of hollow mesoporous CoFe2O4 nanospheres and graphene composites as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, Chem ElectroChem 2, 1010e1018
El Haouari, M., & Rosado, J. A. (2019). Phytochemical, anti-diabetic and cardiovascular properties of Urtica dioica L.(Urticaceae): A Review. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 19(1), 63-71.
El-Seedi, H. R., El-Shabasy, R. M., Khalifa, S. A., Saeed, A., Shah, A., Shah, R., ... & Guo, W. (2019). Metal nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry using natural extracts: Biosynthesis, mechanisms, and applications. RSC advances, 9(42), 24539-24559.
Ghotekar, S. (2019). A review on plant extract mediated biogenic synthesis of CdO nanoparticles and their recent applications. Asian Journal of Green Chemistry, 3(2), 187-200.
Hasan,S.(2015). A Review on Nanoparticles: Their Synthesis and Types Biosynthesis: Mechanism . Research Journal of Recent Sciences ,Vol.4,1-3.
Hashem, A. H., & Salem, S. S. (2022). Green and ecofriendly biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) leaf extract: Antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Biotechnology Journal, 17(2), 2100432.
Asgarpanah, J. and Mohajerani, R. (2012). Phytochemistry and pharmacologic properties of Urtica dioica L. Journal of medicinal plants research, 6(46), 5714-5719.
Jyoti, K., Baunthiyal, M., & Singh, A. (2016). Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 9(3), 217-227.
Kaviyarasu, K., Manikandan, E., Paulraj, P., Mohamed, S. B., & Kennedy, J. (2014). One dimensional well-aligned CdO nanocrystal by solvothermal method. Journal of alloys and compounds, 593, 67-70.
Kondawar, S., Mahore, R., Dahegaonkar, A., & Agrawal, S. (2011). Electrical conductivity of cadmium oxide nanoparticles embedded polyaniline nanocomposites. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(4), 401-406.
Koul, B., Poonia, A. K., Yadav, D., & Jin, J. O. (2021). Microbe-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Applications and future prospects. Biomolecules, 11(6), 886.
Kuppusamy, P., Yusoff, M. M. and Govindan, N. (2014). Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications - An updated report SAUDI Pharm. J.
Laskowska, A., Zaborski, M., Boiteux, G., Gain, O., Marzec, A., & Maniukiewicz, W. (2014). Ionic elastomers based on carbonylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide (hydrotalcite). Express Polymer Letters, 8(6).
Mahdi, R. R., & Makki, S. A. (2019). Synthesis and Properties of Cadmium Oxide Thin Films Prepared By Simple Chemical Method. Energy Procedia, 157, 261-269.
Majedi, S., Abdulsattar Faraj, T., Jalal Ahmed, H., & HS Hussain, F. (2021). A review of biochemical structures of Urtica dioica metabolites and their pharmaceutical effects. Chemical Review and Letters. Tishk International University Repository. Volume 4_Issue 4_Pages 206-212.
Małecka, B., & Łącz, A. (2008). Thermal decomposition of cadmium format in inert and oxidative atmosphere. Thermochemical acta, 479(1-2), 12-16.
Mareedu, T., Poiba, V., & Vangalapati, M. (2021). Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by green tea and black tea leaves extract. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 1498-1501.
Mazaheritehrani, M., Asghari, J., Orimi, R. L., & Pahlavan, S. (2010). Microwave-assisted synthesis of nano-sized cadmium oxide as a new and highly efficient catalyst for solvent free acylation of amines and alcohols. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22(4), 2554.
Mohammad, S. G., Ahmed, S. M., Badawi, A. F. M., & El-Desouki, D. S. (2015). Activated carbon derived from Egyptian banana peels for removal of cadmium from water. Journal of Applied life sciences International, 3(2), 77-88.
Mohanraj, K., Balasubramanian, D., Jhansi, N., Bakkiyaraj, R., & Chandrasekaran, J. (2017). Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Green Synthesis CdO Nanoparticles and Its Ag/CdO/P-Si Junction Diode Fabricated Via JNS Pyrolysis Technique. International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology, 6(2), 7.91.
Moreno, O. P., Rojas, A. V., Tecorralco, J. H., Plata, B. R., Portillo, M. C., Castillo, S. R., ... & Juárez, J. M. (2011). Transformation on CdS→ CdCO3 thin films by chemical bath and CdCO3→ CdO annealing thermal in atmosphere air. J. of Mat. Sci. and Engin, A, 1, 991-999.
Nande, A., Raut, S., Michalska-Domanska, M., & Dhoble, S. J. (2021). Green synthesis of nanomaterials using plant extract: a review. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 22(13), 1794-1811.
Naser, D. K., Abbas, A. K., & Aadim, K. A. (2020). Zeta potential of Ag, Cu, ZnO, CdO and Sn nanoparticles prepared by pulse laser ablation in liquid environment. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2570-2581.
Nasrullah, M., Gul, F. Z., Hanif, S., Mannan, A., Naz, S., Ali, J. S., & Zia, M. (2020). Green and chemical syntheses of CdO NPs: a comparative study for yield attributes, biological characteristics, and toxicity concerns. ACS omega, 5(11), 5739-5747.
Naveen, H.K.S., Kumar, G., Karthik, L., et al.(2010). ‘Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the filamentous fungus Penicillium sp.’, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 2, (6), pp. 161–167
Parveen, A., & Rao, S. (2015). Mechanistic Approach of Functionalized Noble Metal Nanoparticles Synthesis From Cassia auriculata L. Journal of Cluster Science, 26(4), 1295-1303.
Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. A. (2014). Introduction to spectroscopy. Cengage learning.
Qamar, S. U. R., & Ahmad, J. N. (2021). Nanoparticles: Mechanism of biosynthesis using plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, and their applications. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 334, 116040.
Rahim Molaei, Khalil Farhadi, Mehrdad Forough & Atefeh Pourhossein (2015). Biosynthetic Route for the Preparation of Nonregular Gold Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracted of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Plant, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 45:10, 1489-1494.
Rani, S., & Bhatia, D. (2021). A Literature Review on Urtica dioica: An Ordinary Creature with Extraordinary Features.
Sadhukhan, S., Ghosh, T. K., Roy, I., Rana, D., Bhattacharyya, A., Saha, R., ... & Chattopadhyay, D. (2019). Green synthesis of cadmium oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and its electrical and antibacterial properties. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 99, 696-709.
Sagadevan, S., Vennila, S., Muthu Krishnan, L., Murugan, B., Lett, J. A., Hossain, M. A., ... & Fatimah, I. (2021). Facile fabrication of Au-loaded CdO Nano constructs with tuned properties for photocatalytic and biomedical applications. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 11(4), 561-572.
Salem, S. S., & Fouda, A. (2021). Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their prospective biotechnological applications: an overview. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(1), 344-370.
Selvi, K. T., & Sagadevan, S. (2022). Recent developments in optoelectronic and photonic applications of metal oxides. Metal Oxides for Optoelectronics and Optics-Based Medical Applications, 33-57.
Shalaby, M. S., Kodous, A. S., & Yousif, N. M. (2022). Structural, Optical characteristics and Anti-Cancer Effect of Cd0. 99Ni0. 01O Nanoparticles on Human Neuroblastoma and Cervical Cancer Cell lines. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 109583.
Shreyash, N., Bajpai, S., Khan, M. A., Vijay, Y., Tiwary, S. K., & Sonker, M. (2021). Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: a review. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(11), 11428-11457.
Singh, A., Gautam, P. K., Verma, A., Singh, V., Shivapriya, P. M., Shivalkar, S., ... & Samanta, S. K. (2020). Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles as effective alternatives to treat antibiotics resistant bacterial infections: A review. Biotechnology Reports, 25, e00427.
Sivakumar,S.,Venkatesan,A.,Soundhirarajan,P.&Khatiwada,C.P.(2015).Synthesis, characterizations and anti-bacterial activities of pure and Ag doped CdO nanoparticles by chemical precipitationmethod.Spectrochemical Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136, 1751-1759.
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Published
2023-10-09
How to Cite
ABDULHADI, B. H., GALILL, R. D. A., & ABD, A. N. (2023). PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF CADMIUM OXIDES NANOPARTICLES BY CRUDE EXTRACT OF URTICA DIOICA. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 236-248. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.2.20
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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