MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND PHYLOGENIC TREE OF SARCOCYSTIS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM SHEEP IN ERBIL PROVINCE- KURDISTAN REGION/ IRAQ
Keywords:
Epidemiology, Sarcocystis species, Molecular identification
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A group of cyst-forming parasites known as Sarcocystis species infect both people and animals worldwide. Some of these species affect the host with clinical and subclinical illnesses that can cause financial losses. The diversity and importance of Sarcocystis spp. are poorly studied.
METHODS: One hundred ninety tissue sheep samples (esophagus and tongue) were collected from the new Erbil slaughterhouse. The PCR method was used to amplify the 18S ribosomal RNA gene to differentiate Sarcocystis spp.
RESULTS: Out of 190 sheep that were examined macroscopically and microscopically using tissue squash preparation, 36.32% were infected with Sarcocystis spp. in Erbil Province. Statistically, there was no significant difference between sexes and the highest rates were found among 1-3 years 40 (57.97%), and the lowest rate of infection was revealed in the less than one year 12 (17.39%) age group. The sequence comparisons showed the highest similarity (99.6-100%) between S. tenella (ON645286- ON645288) obtained from sheep in Erbil Province and S. tenella from Egypt (MG515220) and Iran (MT565493 and KF489419) due to nucleotide changes in the sequences alignments.
CONCLUSION: Multiple alignments revealed some differences between the consensus sequences of the isolates identified in this investigation and those of previously published isolates. A phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene was used to find new Sarcocystis spp
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References
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Nasr, S., Hussen, E., & Mekawy, S. (2013). PREVALENCE OF SARCOCYSTIS SPP. IN SHEEP AND GOATS AND ITS EFFECT ON SOME BLOOD CONSTITUENTS IN SHARKIA PROVINCE. Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal, 11(2), 69-84.
Ng, Y. H., Fong, M. Y., Subramaniam, V., Shahari, S., & Lau, Y. L. (2015). Genetic variants of Sarcocystis cruzi in infected Malaysian cattle based on 18S rDNA. Research in Veterinary Science, 103, 201-204.
Pestechian, N., Yousefi, H. A., Kalantari, R., Jafari, R., Khamesipour, F., Keshtkar, M., & Esmaeilifallah, M. (2021). Molecular and microscopic investigation of sarcocystis species isolated from sheep muscles in Iran. Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 1-6.
Prakas, P., Rehbein, S., Rudaitytė-Lukošienė, E., & Butkauskas, D. (2021). Molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in diaphragm muscle tissue of European mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) from Austria. Parasitology research, 120, 2695-2702.
Rahdar, M., & Kardooni, T. (2017). Molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and cattle by PCR-RFLP from southwest of Iran. Jundishapur journal of microbiology, 10(8).
Salehi, M., Spotin, A., Rostamian, M., & Adami, M. (2022). Prevalence and molecular assessment of Sarcocystis infection in livestock in northeast Iran. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 80, 101738.
Swar, S. O., & Shnawa, B. H. (2020). Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq. World's Veterinary Journal, 10(4), 540-550.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic acids research, 25(24), 4876-4882.
Whaeeb, S. T., & Khalaf, A. (2016). Molecular study of four species of sarcocystis isolated from sheeps esophagus and inter skeleton muscle in baghdad. Wjpr, 5(8), 158-165.
Zainalabidin, F. A. (2021). Detection of sarcocystis in carcasses of small ruminant slaughtered in abattoir in Perak, Malaysia. Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 6(3), 86-90.
Zangana, I. K., & Hussein, S. N. (2017). Prevalence of Sarcocystis species (Sarcocystis ovicanis and Sarcocystis capricanis) in tongue muscle of sheep and goats in Duhok province, Kurdistan region, north Iraq. ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 5(1), 36-40.
Zhu, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, X., Wang, L., Liu, Q., & Liu, J. (2022). Molecular detection and identification of three intracellular parasites of retail mutton products in Beijing, China. Frontiers in veterinary science, 9.
Alhayali, N. S., Hasan, M. H., & Al-Mallah, K. Y. (2020). Natural heavy infection with immature sarcocysts of Sarcocytis spp. in sheep in Mosul city: A case report. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 34(2), 373-376.
Amairia, S., Amdouni, Y., Rouatbi, M., Rjeibi, M., Awadi, S., & Gharbi, M. (2018). First detection and molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. in small ruminants in North‐West Tunisia. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 65(2), 441-446.
Atashparvar, N., Soukhtezari, A., & Amir Asalani, A. (2001). Survey of Sarcocystis in sheep and goats in Khoram Abad. Paper presented at the 3rd national congress of medical parasitology, Sari, Iran.
Bahari, P., Salehi, M., Seyedabadi, M., & Mohammadi, A. (2014). Molecular identification of macroscopic and microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis in sheep in North Khorasan province, Iran. International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, 3(1), 51.
Bittencourt, M. V., Meneses, I. D. S., Ribeiro-Andrade, M., de Jesus, R. F., de Araújo, F. R., & Gondim, L. F. P. (2016). Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and goats: frequency of infection and species identification by morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular tests in Bahia, Brazil. Parasitology research, 115, 1683-1689.
Dessì, G., Tamponi, C., Pasini, C., Porcu, F., Meloni, L., Cavallo, L., . . . Varcasia, A. (2022). A survey on Apicomplexa protozoa in sheep slaughtered for human consumption. Parasitology research, 121(5), 1437-1445.
Dong, H., Su, R., Wang, Y., Tong, Z., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., & Hu, J. (2018). Sarcocystis species in wild and domestic sheep (Ovis ammon and Ovis aries) from China. BMC veterinary research, 14(1), 1-7.
El-Morsey, A., Abdo, W., Zaid, A. A. A., & Sorour, S. S. G. (2021). Morphologic and molecular identification of three macroscopic Sarcocystis species infecting domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and cattle (Bos taurus) in Egypt. Parasitology research, 120, 637-654.
Elmishmishy, B., Al-Araby, M., Abbas, I., & Abu-Elwafa, S. (2018). Genetic variability within isolates of Sarcocystis species infecting sheep from Egypt. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 13, 193-197.
Gjerde, B. (2013). Phylogenetic relationships among Sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. International Journal for Parasitology, 43(7), 579-591.
Gjerde, B., De la Fuente, C., Alunda, J. M., & Luzón, M. (2020). Molecular characterisation of five Sarcocystis species in domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from Spain. Parasitology research, 119, 215-231.
Greenfield, H. J., & Arnold, E. R. (2008). Absolute age and tooth eruption and wear sequences in sheep and goat: determining age-at-death in zooarchaeology using a modern control sample. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(4), 836-849.
Hall, T. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Paper presented at the Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.
Hassan, Z. I. (2021). Molecular Phylodiagnosis of Taenia hydatigena from Stray Dogs in Erbil Province-Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Polytechnic Journal, 11(2), 26-30.
Hu, J.-J., Huang, S., Wen, T., Esch, G. W., Liang, Y., & Li, H.-L. (2017). Sarcocystis spp. in domestic sheep in Kunming City, China: prevalence, morphology, and molecular characteristics. Parasite, 24.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular biology and evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874.
Mahran, O. (2009). Sarcocystis infection in sheep and goats slaughtered in Shalatin Abattoir, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 55(121), 1-15.
Maky, M. A., & Mohammed, E. S. (2021). Molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. In meat and meat products in Qena, Upper Egypt. J. Anim. Health Prod, 9(1), 88-93.
Marandykina-Prakienė, A., Butkauskas, D., Gudiškis, N., Juozaitytė-Ngugu, E., Januškevičius, V., Rudaitytė-Lukošienė, E., & Prakas, P. (2022). Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis Species in Sheep from Lithuania. Animals, 12(16), 2048.
Metwally, D. M., Al-Damigh, M. A., Al-Turaiki, I. M., & El-Khadragy, M. F. (2019). Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis species isolated from sheep and goats in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Animals, 9(5), 256.
Mirzaei, M., & Rezaei, H. (2016). The role of sheep in the epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in Tabriz area northwest of Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40, 285-288.
Nasr, S., Hussen, E., & Mekawy, S. (2013). PREVALENCE OF SARCOCYSTIS SPP. IN SHEEP AND GOATS AND ITS EFFECT ON SOME BLOOD CONSTITUENTS IN SHARKIA PROVINCE. Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal, 11(2), 69-84.
Ng, Y. H., Fong, M. Y., Subramaniam, V., Shahari, S., & Lau, Y. L. (2015). Genetic variants of Sarcocystis cruzi in infected Malaysian cattle based on 18S rDNA. Research in Veterinary Science, 103, 201-204.
Pestechian, N., Yousefi, H. A., Kalantari, R., Jafari, R., Khamesipour, F., Keshtkar, M., & Esmaeilifallah, M. (2021). Molecular and microscopic investigation of sarcocystis species isolated from sheep muscles in Iran. Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 1-6.
Prakas, P., Rehbein, S., Rudaitytė-Lukošienė, E., & Butkauskas, D. (2021). Molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in diaphragm muscle tissue of European mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) from Austria. Parasitology research, 120, 2695-2702.
Rahdar, M., & Kardooni, T. (2017). Molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and cattle by PCR-RFLP from southwest of Iran. Jundishapur journal of microbiology, 10(8).
Salehi, M., Spotin, A., Rostamian, M., & Adami, M. (2022). Prevalence and molecular assessment of Sarcocystis infection in livestock in northeast Iran. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 80, 101738.
Swar, S. O., & Shnawa, B. H. (2020). Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq. World's Veterinary Journal, 10(4), 540-550.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic acids research, 25(24), 4876-4882.
Whaeeb, S. T., & Khalaf, A. (2016). Molecular study of four species of sarcocystis isolated from sheeps esophagus and inter skeleton muscle in baghdad. Wjpr, 5(8), 158-165.
Zainalabidin, F. A. (2021). Detection of sarcocystis in carcasses of small ruminant slaughtered in abattoir in Perak, Malaysia. Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 6(3), 86-90.
Zangana, I. K., & Hussein, S. N. (2017). Prevalence of Sarcocystis species (Sarcocystis ovicanis and Sarcocystis capricanis) in tongue muscle of sheep and goats in Duhok province, Kurdistan region, north Iraq. ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 5(1), 36-40.
Zhu, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, X., Wang, L., Liu, Q., & Liu, J. (2022). Molecular detection and identification of three intracellular parasites of retail mutton products in Beijing, China. Frontiers in veterinary science, 9.
Published
2023-10-24
How to Cite
HASSAN, Z. I. (2023). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND PHYLOGENIC TREE OF SARCOCYSTIS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM SHEEP IN ERBIL PROVINCE- KURDISTAN REGION/ IRAQ. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.2.29
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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