INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIETARY WITH VARYING LEVELS OF L-CARNITINE ON LAYING PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT LINES OF KURDISH QUAILS
Keywords:
L- carnitine, Lines, Laying performance, Egg quality traits, Kurdish quail.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the impacts of lines, L-carnitine, and their combination on laying performance and characteristics of egg quality. A total of 480 newly hatched birds in three lines (desert, brown and white) of Kurdish quail with four levels of L-carnitine (0, 150, 350 and 550 mg/kg)were randomly distributed into four treatments, with each treatment consisting of four replicates, each containing 10 quails and birds were raised from 1 to 12 weeks of age.The results showed that adding different levels of L-carnitine had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) impact on each quantity of eggs, daily egg production (HD%), and egg weight compared to the control group and affected some egg quality parameters. Furthermore, supplementation with 350 and 550 mg/kg L-carnitine throughout the experimental period significantly improved these characteristics compared with the other experimental treatments having the highest values. As well as for the interacted groups, the white lines with the diet of 350 mg/kg L-carnitine had a significant influence on (HD%), egg weight during 7 -12 weeks of age, and influenced several egg quality characteristics. Except for The addition of L-carnitine to the diet had no significant effect on shape index, yolk height, yolk percentage, shell weight, or shell percentage features. Based on the present results, it can be stated that supplementing the diet with L-carnitine at levels of 350 and 550 mg/kg improves laying performance and some exterior and interior egg quality in three lines of Kurdish quail.
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References
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Ahmed, L.S., and AL-Barzinji, Y.M.S.(2019). Genetic diversity among local quail using RAPD-DNA marker. Revista Cientifica-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 29, 3, 178-185.
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Barrett, N.W., Rowland, K., Schmidt, C.J., Lamont, S.J., Rothschild, M.F., Ashwell, C.M. and Persia, M.E. (2019). Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance, egg quality, body temperature, and blood gas parameters of laying hens. Poultry Science, 98,12, 6684-6692.
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Daikwo, S.I., Dim, N.I. and Momoh, O.M. (2014). Genetic parameters of some Egg Production traits in Japanese quail in a tropical Environment. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7, 9, 39-42.
Daşkıran, M., Önol, A.G., Cengiz, Ö., Tatlı, O. and Sarı, M. (2009). Effects of dietary methionine levels and L-carnitine supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of layers. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 18, 4, 650- 661.
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Ghods-Alavi, B., Samie, H. & Jahanian, R. (2017). Effects of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets different in fat level. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(1): e3.
Gropp, J.M., Schumacher, A. and Schweigert, F.J. (1994). Recent research in vitamin nutrition with special emphasis to vitamin A, β-carotene and L-carnitine. In proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference, 124-134.
Hamad, (2023). Polymorphism of three genes and their relations with productive and reproductive traits in kurdish quail. Doctoral dissertation, department of animal production, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil.Iraq.
Hassan, A. M., Mohammed, D. A., Hussein, K. N., and Hussen, S. H. (2017). Comparison among three lines of quail for egg quality characters. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 5,296-300.
Hrnčár, C., Hanusova, E., Hanus, A. and Bujko, J. (2014). Effect of genotype on egg quality characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 47, 1, 6-11.
Ibrahim, F.K., Hamid, S.M. and Younis, S.T. (2022). Effect of generations and feather color groups on productive and reproductive performance of female quail. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 22, 2, 78-85.
Inci, H., Sogut, B., Sengul, T., Sengul A.Y. and Taysi,M.R. (2015). Comparison of fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quails with different feather colors. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 44,11, 390–396.
Kazemi-Fard, M., Yousefi, S., Dirandeh, E. and Rezaei, M. (2015). Effect of different levels of L-carnitine on the productive performance, egg quality, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. Poultry Science Journal, 3, 2, 105-111.
Khawaja, T., Khan, S.H., Mukhtar, N., Parveen, A. and Ahmed,T.(2013). Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of three-way crossbred chickens with reciprocal F1 crossbred chickens in a subtropical environment. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41, 3, 300-308.
Khurshid, A., Farooq, M., Durrani, F.R., Sarbiland, K. and Manzoor, A. (2004). Hatching performance of Japanese quails. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 16,1, 2.
Kita, K., Nakajima, S.I. and Nakagawa, J. (2005). Dietary L-carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science, 42,1, 79-83.
Mast, J., Buyse, J. and Goddeeris, B.M. (2000). Dietary L-carnitine supplementation increases antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 2, 161-166.
Monira, K. N., Salahuddin, M. And Miah, G. (2003). Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2, 261-263
Neuman, S.L., Lin, T.L. and Heste, P.Y. (2002). The effect of dietary carnitine on semen traits of white Leghorn roosters. Poultry Science, 81, 4, 495-503,
NRC, (1994). Nutrient requierements of domestic animals. Nutrient requierements of poultry. 157P. 9th Rev. Edn., National Research Concil, National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
Parizadian, B., Ahangari, Y.J., Shargh, M.S. and Sardarzadeh, A. (2011). Effects of different levels of L-carnitine supplementation on egg quality and blood parameters of laying Japanese quail. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10, 8, 621-625.
Petek, M., Çavuşoğlu, E., Odabaşi, F. And Yeşilbağ, D. (2022). Comparison of egg quality characteristics of different quail lines. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine. 41,1, 27-31.
Rabie, M.H., Szilágyi, M.and Gippert, T. (1997). Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. British Journal of Nutrition, 78, 615- 623.
Rabie, M.H. and Szilágyi, M. (1998). Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. British Journal of Nutrition, 80, 4, 391-400.
Rizk, Y.S., Beshara, M.M., Hanan, S.M., and Hassan, A.L. (2022). Impact of supplementing l-carnitine on productive and reproductive performance of mamoura chicken during the winter season. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 42, 2, 171-185.
Sari, M., Serpil, I., Önk, K., Tilki, M., and Kırmızıbayrak, T. (2012). Effects of layer age and different plumage colors on external and internal egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Arch. Geflügelk, 76, 4, 254-258
Sato, M., Tachibana, T. and Furuse, M. (2006). Heat production and lipid metabolism in broiler and layer chickens during embryonic development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 143, 3, 382-388.
Thiemel, J.and Jelinek, P. (2004). The effect of carnitine on hatching rate and metabolic profile of blood in breeding layers. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 49, 517–523.
Walter, P., Schaffhauser, A.O., Zurbriggen, E., Siebrecht, S., Fuhrmann, M., Krähenbühl, S., Löster, H., Maggini, S., Bänziger, K.R., Kraemer, W.J. and Volek, J.S. (2000). L-Carnitine, a vitamin-like substancefor functional food. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 44, 2, 75-95.
Xu, Z.R., Wang, M.Q., Mao, H.X., Zhan, X.A. and Hu, C.H. (2003). Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry Science, 82, 3, 408-413.
Yalçin, S., Ergün, A., Erol, H., Yalcin, S. & Özsoy, B. (2005). Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 53, 3, 361-370.
Zelaya, R.L., Ríos, J.J., Paz, P., López, S., Valdiivié, M. and Martínez, Y., 2022. Effect of the inclusion of L-carnitine on egg quality and productivity of Hy-Line Brown® laying hens. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 56, 1, e02.
Zhai, W., Neuman, S.L., Latour, M.A. and Hester, P.Y. (2008). The effect of male and female supplementation of L-carnitine on reproductive traits of white leghorns. Poultry Science, 87, 6, 1171-1181.
Ahmed, L.S., and Al-Barzinji, Y.M.S. (2020). Comparative study of hatchability and fertility rate among local quails. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 51, 3, 744-751.
Ahmed, L.S. (2021). Repeatability estimates of egg number and egg weight under various production periods in three lines of local quail. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Science, 9,12, 2216-2220.
Ahmed, L.S. (2022). Impact of egg shell and spots colour on the quality of hatching eggs derived from three lines of local quail. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53,6, 1256-1269.
Ahmed, L.S., and AL-Barzinji, Y.M.S.(2019). Genetic diversity among local quail using RAPD-DNA marker. Revista Cientifica-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 29, 3, 178-185.
Ahmed, L.S., and Al-Barzinji,Y.M.S. (2020). Three candidate genes and its association with quantitative variation of egg production traites of local quail by using pcr-rflp. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 51,124-131.
Ahmed, L.S., and Al-Barzinji, Y.M.S. (2022). Detection of quantitative loci correlation with growth traites in local quail using PCR-RFLP technique. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53,1, 16-26.
Akinokun, O., and Dettmers, A. (1977). Repeatability of egg production and egg weight of exotic and local breeds and strains of chickens. Nigerian Journal of Genetics, 1, 96-100.
Al-Kafajy, F.R., Al-Shuhaib, M.B.S., AlJashami, G.S., and Al-Thuwaini,T.M. (2018). Comparison of three lines of Japanese quails revealed a remarkable role of plumage color in the productivity performance determination. The Journal of World's Poultry Research, 8,4, 111-119.
Barrett, N.W., Rowland, K., Schmidt, C.J., Lamont, S.J., Rothschild, M.F., Ashwell, C.M. and Persia, M.E. (2019). Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance, egg quality, body temperature, and blood gas parameters of laying hens. Poultry Science, 98,12, 6684-6692.
Carroll, M.C., and Cote, E. (2001). Carnitine: a review. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 23,1, 45-52.
Celik, L.B., Tekeli, A. and Öztürkcan, O. (2004). Effects of supplemental l‐carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 88,6, 229-233.
Chimezie, V.O., Fayeye, T.R., Ayorinde, K.L. and Adebunmi, A. (2017). Phenotypic correlations between egg weight and some egg quality traits in three varieties of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Agrosearch, 17, 1, 44-53
Corduk, M.,and Sarica, S. (2008). Effects of L-carnitine in layer diets containing different fat sources and energy levels on hen performance and egg quality. South African Journal of Animal Science, 38, 260-270.
Daikwo, S.I., Dim, N.I. and Momoh, O.M. (2014). Genetic parameters of some Egg Production traits in Japanese quail in a tropical Environment. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7, 9, 39-42.
Daşkıran, M., Önol, A.G., Cengiz, Ö., Tatlı, O. and Sarı, M. (2009). Effects of dietary methionine levels and L-carnitine supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of layers. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 18, 4, 650- 661.
El-Sheikh, T.M., Essa, N.M., Abdel-Kareem, A.A.A. and Elsagheer, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of productive and reproductive performance of Japanese quails in floor pens and conventional cages with different stocking densities. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 36, 2, 669 -683.
Förster, L., Indra, D., Rosenberger, K., Zver, L. and Hofbauer, R. (2021). L-carnitine exerts a nutrigenomic effect via direct modulation of nuclear receptor signaling in adipocytes, hepatocytes and SKMC, demonstrating its nutritional impact. Nutrition Research, 85, 84-98.
Ghods-Alavi, B., Samie, H. & Jahanian, R. (2017). Effects of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets different in fat level. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 9(1): e3.
Gropp, J.M., Schumacher, A. and Schweigert, F.J. (1994). Recent research in vitamin nutrition with special emphasis to vitamin A, β-carotene and L-carnitine. In proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference, 124-134.
Hamad, (2023). Polymorphism of three genes and their relations with productive and reproductive traits in kurdish quail. Doctoral dissertation, department of animal production, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil.Iraq.
Hassan, A. M., Mohammed, D. A., Hussein, K. N., and Hussen, S. H. (2017). Comparison among three lines of quail for egg quality characters. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 5,296-300.
Hrnčár, C., Hanusova, E., Hanus, A. and Bujko, J. (2014). Effect of genotype on egg quality characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 47, 1, 6-11.
Ibrahim, F.K., Hamid, S.M. and Younis, S.T. (2022). Effect of generations and feather color groups on productive and reproductive performance of female quail. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 22, 2, 78-85.
Inci, H., Sogut, B., Sengul, T., Sengul A.Y. and Taysi,M.R. (2015). Comparison of fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quails with different feather colors. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 44,11, 390–396.
Kazemi-Fard, M., Yousefi, S., Dirandeh, E. and Rezaei, M. (2015). Effect of different levels of L-carnitine on the productive performance, egg quality, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. Poultry Science Journal, 3, 2, 105-111.
Khawaja, T., Khan, S.H., Mukhtar, N., Parveen, A. and Ahmed,T.(2013). Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of three-way crossbred chickens with reciprocal F1 crossbred chickens in a subtropical environment. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 41, 3, 300-308.
Khurshid, A., Farooq, M., Durrani, F.R., Sarbiland, K. and Manzoor, A. (2004). Hatching performance of Japanese quails. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 16,1, 2.
Kita, K., Nakajima, S.I. and Nakagawa, J. (2005). Dietary L-carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science, 42,1, 79-83.
Mast, J., Buyse, J. and Goddeeris, B.M. (2000). Dietary L-carnitine supplementation increases antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 2, 161-166.
Monira, K. N., Salahuddin, M. And Miah, G. (2003). Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2, 261-263
Neuman, S.L., Lin, T.L. and Heste, P.Y. (2002). The effect of dietary carnitine on semen traits of white Leghorn roosters. Poultry Science, 81, 4, 495-503,
NRC, (1994). Nutrient requierements of domestic animals. Nutrient requierements of poultry. 157P. 9th Rev. Edn., National Research Concil, National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
Parizadian, B., Ahangari, Y.J., Shargh, M.S. and Sardarzadeh, A. (2011). Effects of different levels of L-carnitine supplementation on egg quality and blood parameters of laying Japanese quail. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10, 8, 621-625.
Petek, M., Çavuşoğlu, E., Odabaşi, F. And Yeşilbağ, D. (2022). Comparison of egg quality characteristics of different quail lines. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine. 41,1, 27-31.
Rabie, M.H., Szilágyi, M.and Gippert, T. (1997). Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. British Journal of Nutrition, 78, 615- 623.
Rabie, M.H. and Szilágyi, M. (1998). Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. British Journal of Nutrition, 80, 4, 391-400.
Rizk, Y.S., Beshara, M.M., Hanan, S.M., and Hassan, A.L. (2022). Impact of supplementing l-carnitine on productive and reproductive performance of mamoura chicken during the winter season. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 42, 2, 171-185.
Sari, M., Serpil, I., Önk, K., Tilki, M., and Kırmızıbayrak, T. (2012). Effects of layer age and different plumage colors on external and internal egg quality characteristics in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Arch. Geflügelk, 76, 4, 254-258
Sato, M., Tachibana, T. and Furuse, M. (2006). Heat production and lipid metabolism in broiler and layer chickens during embryonic development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 143, 3, 382-388.
Thiemel, J.and Jelinek, P. (2004). The effect of carnitine on hatching rate and metabolic profile of blood in breeding layers. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 49, 517–523.
Walter, P., Schaffhauser, A.O., Zurbriggen, E., Siebrecht, S., Fuhrmann, M., Krähenbühl, S., Löster, H., Maggini, S., Bänziger, K.R., Kraemer, W.J. and Volek, J.S. (2000). L-Carnitine, a vitamin-like substancefor functional food. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 44, 2, 75-95.
Xu, Z.R., Wang, M.Q., Mao, H.X., Zhan, X.A. and Hu, C.H. (2003). Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry Science, 82, 3, 408-413.
Yalçin, S., Ergün, A., Erol, H., Yalcin, S. & Özsoy, B. (2005). Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 53, 3, 361-370.
Zelaya, R.L., Ríos, J.J., Paz, P., López, S., Valdiivié, M. and Martínez, Y., 2022. Effect of the inclusion of L-carnitine on egg quality and productivity of Hy-Line Brown® laying hens. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 56, 1, e02.
Zhai, W., Neuman, S.L., Latour, M.A. and Hester, P.Y. (2008). The effect of male and female supplementation of L-carnitine on reproductive traits of white leghorns. Poultry Science, 87, 6, 1171-1181.
Published
2023-12-10
How to Cite
IBRAHIM, P. W., AHMED, L. S., MAHDI , L. S., & KHALIL, A. J. (2023). INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIETARY WITH VARYING LEVELS OF L-CARNITINE ON LAYING PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT LINES OF KURDISH QUAILS. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2023.26.2.8
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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