INVESTIGATIONS OF BURIED STRUCTURE ENHANCED BY GEOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS: A REVIEW
Keywords:
Arching in soil; Buried structures; Geosynthetics; Induced trench; Stress distribution
Abstract
Protecting existing utility lines in densely populated metropolitan areas is a significant concern, particularly when new roadways or bridges are constructed over these vital infrastructures. Various accidents or natural disasters may damage them. As a result of the pipe’s wall full force and non-uniform load, shallowly buried pipes exposed to surface loads experience greater bending strains and are susceptible to failure. The reduced confinement of the soil backfill exacerbates these issues as well. Different geosynthetic products have demonstrated that they can be utilized to protect buried structures. To better comprehend the effects of different geosynthetic products on soil-buried structure interaction, this research performed a review investigation series for experimental, numerical, and field tests under repeated loads to evaluate the behavior of buried structures, soil responses, and geosynthetic mechanisms. A recap of previous study results and a discussion of the subject's research gaps are offered. Based on previous research, it is intelligible that geosynthetics are becoming a viable and sustainable approach for ground reinforcement. In addition, the findings demonstrated many parameters affect the degree of protection by geosynthetics, including the geogrid or geocell width, geogrid or geocell installation depth, geofoam height, the effectiveness of granular backfill stiffness and increased embedment depth.
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References
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M. Fattah and W. B. Mohammed Redha, "Protection of flexible pipes from dynamic surface stresses by Geocell-reinforced sand backfill," International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 61-66, 2022.
M. Al-Naddaf, J. Han, and C. Xu, "Geofoam Stiffness Effect on Surface Load Distribution on Buried Box Culverts Installed with the Induced Trench Method," in Proc., Geosynthetic Conference, 2019, pp. 323-333.
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M. Al-Barqawi, R. Aqel, M. Wayne, H. Titi, and R. Elhajjar, "Polymer Geogrids: A Review of Material, Design and Structure Relationships," Materials, vol. 14, no. 16, p. 4745, 2021.
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S. M. Tafreshi and O. Khalaj, "Laboratory tests of small-diameter HDPE pipes buried in reinforced sand under repeated-load," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 145-163, 2008.
A. Asakereh, M. Ghazavi, and S. M. Tafreshi, "Cyclic response of footing on geogrid-reinforced sand with void," Soils and foundations, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 363-374, 2013.
S. Bildik and M. Laman, "Effect of geogrid reinforcement on soil-structure–pipe interaction in terms of bearing capacity, settlement and stress distribution," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 844-853, 2020.
A. Elshesheny, M. Mohamed, and T. Sheehan, "Protection of buried rigid pipes using geogrid-reinforced soil systems subjected to cyclic loading," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 135, p. 106210, 2020.
A. Mahgoub and H. El Naggar, "Coupled TDA–geocell stress-bridging system for buried corrugated metal pipes," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 146, no. 7, p. 04020052, 2020.
M. Jerald and K. Kannan, "Mechanism of Geocell Reinforcement in Soft Soils-A Review," Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021.
O. Khalaj, N. J. Darabi, S. M. Tafreshi, and B. Mašek, "Protection of buried pipe under repeated loading by geocell reinforcement," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2017, vol. 95, no. 2: IOP Publishing, p. 022030.
M. Y. Fattah, W. H. Hassan, and S. E. Rasheed, "Behavior of flexible buried pipes under geocell reinforced subbase subjected to repeated loading," International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering (IJGEE), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 22-41, 2018.
S. G. Siabil, S. M. Tafreshi, and A. Dawson, "Response of pavement foundations incorporating both geocells and expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2020.
O. Khalaj, M. Azizian, N. Joz Darabi, S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi, and H. Jirková, "The role of expanded polystyrene and geocell in enhancing the behavior of buried HDPE pipes under trench loading using numerical analyses," Geosciences, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 251, 2020.
H. El Naggar, A. Turan, and A. Valsangkar, "Earth pressure reduction system using geogrid-reinforced platform bridging for buried utilities," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 141, no. 6, p. 04015024, 2015.
M. Fattah and W. B. Mohammed Redha, "Protection of flexible pipes from dynamic surface stresses by Geocell-reinforced sand backfill," International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 61-66, 2022.
M. Al-Naddaf, J. Han, and C. Xu, "Geofoam Stiffness Effect on Surface Load Distribution on Buried Box Culverts Installed with the Induced Trench Method," in Proc., Geosynthetic Conference, 2019, pp. 323-333.
S. M. Sargand and T. Masada, "Soil arching over deeply buried thermoplastic pipe," Transportation Research Record, vol. 1849, no. 1, pp. 109-123, 2003.
A. Darabnoush Tehrani, Z. Kohankar Kouchesfehani, and M. Najafi, "Review and recommendations for structural testing of buried gravity storm drain pipes and culverts," Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 173-186, 2021.
J. Han, F. Wang, M. Al-Naddaf, and C. Xu, "Progressive development of two-dimensional soil arching with displacement," International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 17, no. 12, p. 04017112, 2017.
J. Han, R. Corey, D. K. Khatri, and R. L. Parsons, "Geosynthetic Reinforcement to Protect Underground Pipes against Damage from Construction and Traffic," University of Nebraska. Mid-America Transportation Center, 2016.
S. K. Shukla and J.-H. Yin, Fundamentals of geosynthetic engineering. CRC Press, 2006.
A. L. Dietz, "Finite Element Modeling of Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement Over Shallow Buried Pipes," Master's thesis, Virginia University 2013.
X. Guo, H. Zhang, and L. Liu, "Planar geosynthetic-reinforced soil foundations: a review," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 1-18, 2020.
M. Meguid and M. o. G. Hussein, "A numerical procedure for the assessment of contact pressures on buried structures overlain by EPS geofoam inclusion," International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2017.
S. Moghaddas Tafreshi, N. Joz Darabi, A. Dawson, and M. Azizian, "Experimental evaluation of geocell and EPS geofoam as means of protecting pipes at the bottom of repeatedly loaded trenches," International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 04020023, 2020.
M. Al-Naddaf, J. Han, C. Xu, and S. M. Rahmaninezhad, "Effect of geofoam on vertical stress distribution on buried structures subjected to static and cyclic footing loads," Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 04018027, 2019.
B. Liu, Z. Wang, W. Xu, H. Sun, and X. Wang, "Comparative experimental study and FE analysis of corrugated steel pipe culverts with different stiffness," The Open Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, 2016.
A. Mahgoub and H. El Naggar, "Using TDA as an engineered stress-reduction fill over preexisting buried pipes," Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 04018034, 2019.
X. Luo, Z. Lu, H. Yao, J. Zhang, and W. Song, "Experimental study on soft rock subgrade reinforced with geocell," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 2190-2204, 2022.
G. Babagiray, S. O. Akbas, and O. Anil, "Full-Scale Field Impact Load Experiments on Buried Pipes in Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soils," Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 38, p. 100927, 2023.
O. Chaallal, M. Arockiasamy, and A. Godat, "Field test performance of buried flexible pipes under live truck loads," Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 29, no. 5, p. 04014124, 2015.
E. Alotaibi et al., "Geogrid bridging over existing shallow flexible PVC buried pipe–Experimental study," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 113, p. 103945, 2021.
M. Al-Naddaf, A. ASCE, S. E. Rasheed, and S. M. Rahmaninezhad, "Effects of Geofoam Geometry and Location on Vertical Stresses on Buried Culverts during Construction and under Surface Loading," 2021.
E. Akınay and H. Kılıç, "Induced trench installation of the high-density polyethylene pipe using geofoam inclusion," Geosynthetics International, pp. 1-18, 2023.
H. Kılıç and E. Akınay, "Effects of using EPS geofoam as compressible inclusion on HDPE pipe behavior," Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 04019006, 2019.
R. R. V. Santos, J. Kang, and J. S. Park, "Effects of embedded trench installations using expanded polystyrene geofoam applied to buried corrugated steel arch structures," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 98, p. 103323, 2020.
M. Al-Barqawi, R. Aqel, M. Wayne, H. Titi, and R. Elhajjar, "Polymer Geogrids: A Review of Material, Design and Structure Relationships," Materials, vol. 14, no. 16, p. 4745, 2021.
M. Al-Naddaf, S. E. Rasheed, M. Q. Sharefi, S. M. Rahmaninezhad, and J. Han, "Responses of buried steel pipes under footing loadings–a numerical parametric study," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1067, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012078.
H. Kılıç, P. Biçer, and S. Bozkurt, "A Numerical Investigation of Induced and Embedded Trench Installations for Large-Diameter Thermoplastic Pipes under High Fill Stresses," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 3040, 2023.
S. M. Tafreshi and O. Khalaj, "Laboratory tests of small-diameter HDPE pipes buried in reinforced sand under repeated-load," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 145-163, 2008.
A. Asakereh, M. Ghazavi, and S. M. Tafreshi, "Cyclic response of footing on geogrid-reinforced sand with void," Soils and foundations, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 363-374, 2013.
S. Bildik and M. Laman, "Effect of geogrid reinforcement on soil-structure–pipe interaction in terms of bearing capacity, settlement and stress distribution," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 844-853, 2020.
A. Elshesheny, M. Mohamed, and T. Sheehan, "Protection of buried rigid pipes using geogrid-reinforced soil systems subjected to cyclic loading," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 135, p. 106210, 2020.
A. Mahgoub and H. El Naggar, "Coupled TDA–geocell stress-bridging system for buried corrugated metal pipes," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 146, no. 7, p. 04020052, 2020.
M. Jerald and K. Kannan, "Mechanism of Geocell Reinforcement in Soft Soils-A Review," Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021.
O. Khalaj, N. J. Darabi, S. M. Tafreshi, and B. Mašek, "Protection of buried pipe under repeated loading by geocell reinforcement," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2017, vol. 95, no. 2: IOP Publishing, p. 022030.
M. Y. Fattah, W. H. Hassan, and S. E. Rasheed, "Behavior of flexible buried pipes under geocell reinforced subbase subjected to repeated loading," International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering (IJGEE), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 22-41, 2018.
S. G. Siabil, S. M. Tafreshi, and A. Dawson, "Response of pavement foundations incorporating both geocells and expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2020.
O. Khalaj, M. Azizian, N. Joz Darabi, S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi, and H. Jirková, "The role of expanded polystyrene and geocell in enhancing the behavior of buried HDPE pipes under trench loading using numerical analyses," Geosciences, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 251, 2020.
Published
2023-12-22
How to Cite
RAHIM, M. A. W., AL-NADDAF , M., & AL-BUSALTAN, S. (2023). INVESTIGATIONS OF BURIED STRUCTURE ENHANCED BY GEOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTS: A REVIEW. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.26682/csjuod.2023.26.2.22
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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