BLOCKCHAIN; POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN BANKING SECTOR A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

  • OMAR HAMID IBRAHIM Dept. of Banking and Financial Science, College of Administration & Economics, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region–Iraq
Keywords: Blockchain, Banking system, Innovative technologies, Challenges, Opportunities.

Abstract

Innovative technologies are game-changing in the financial sector. The new-born technology (blockchain) is promising to change the entire banking system, despite various benefits, critical obstacles still stand. In addition, with an overview of major opportunities and challenges, this study aims to conduct a comparison between theoretical literature and practical literature to point out a contradiction if it exists. More than 130 references (paper studies and links) which were conducted by cryptography and technology experts, academics, financial institutions, and other sectors were used to achieve study aims. A systematic approach conducted to accomplish study objectives; we analyzed results and different point of views on blockchain application in banking globally. The study concluded that blockchain itself may hold strengths and weaknesses in a single aspect such as efficiency and security, while no contradictions were observed between the results on the ground and the theoretical literature. The vast majority of references indicate that blockchain will be the next banking system, which may change the legacy of banking. As it stands, the current blockchain-based applications are capable of operating in individual services, specifically in payment systems and cost operations. Financial companies which provide similar services can take advantage of this technology, especially in cross-border transfers, and this will retract a large share of bank profits in case this technology is not adopted.  After all, a full adoption needs more improvement in projects and applications based on this technology. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Achanta, R., (2018). Cross-border Money Transfer Using Blockchain-Enabled Big Data.
Ahluwalia, S., Mahto, R.V., Guerrero, M., (2020). Blockchain Technology and Startup Financing: A Transaction Cost Economics Perspective. Elsevier Journal 151 (2020).
Al-Kemyani, M.Kh., Al-Raisi, J.Y., Al-Kindi, A.T., Al-Mughairi, I.Y., Tiwari, Ch.K., (2022). Blockchain Application in Accounting and Finance: Qualititative Evidence from trh Banking Sector. Journal of Research in Business and Management, Vol 10, Issue 4, pp 28-39.
Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., Peacock, A., (2019). Blockchain Technology in the Energy Sector: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 100, 143–174.
Bank of Thailand. (2018). Project Inthanon Phase 1: An application of Distributed Ledger Technology for a Decentralised Real Time Gross Settlement system using Wholesale Central Bank Digital Currency.
Bhattacharjee, S. and Bhattacharya, S., (2022). A Review on Application of Blockchain in Banking Sector. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, vol. 7, issue 4, pp 156-159.
Beck, R., Muller-Bloch, Ch., (2017). Blockchain as Radical Innovation: A Framework for Engaging with Distributed Ledgers as Incumbent Organization.
Casin, F., Dasaklis, Th.K., Patsakis, C., (2018). A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-based Applications: Current Status, Classification and Open Issues. Elsevier, Telematics and Informatics, Vol, 36. March, 2019.
Cao, B., LI, Y., Zhang, L., Mumtaz, Sh., Zhou, Zh., Peng, M., (2019). When Internet of Things Meets Blockchain: Challenges in Distributed Consensus. IEEE Network, vol 33, Issue 6.
Cai, T., Cai, H.J., Wang, H., Cheng, X., Wang, I., (2019). Analysis of Blockchain System with Token-Based Bookkeeping Method. Available on: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8691432.
Chen, F., Wan, H., Cai, H., & Cheng, G., (2021). Machine Learning in/for Blockchain: Future and Challenges. Canadian Journal of Statistics, 49(4), 1364-1382.
Chaum, D.L., (1879). Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups, Ph.D Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1982.
Cucari, N., Lagasio, V., Lia, G., Torriero, C., (2022) The Impact of Blockchain in Banking Processes: The Interbank Spunta Case Study. Technology Analysis Strategy Management 34(2):138–150.
Chang, V., Baudier, P., Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, J., & Arami, M., (2020). How Blockchain Can Impact Financial Services–The Overview, Challenges and Recommendations from Expert Interviewees. TechnoLogical Forecasting and Social Change, 158, 120166.
Chowdhury, M.U., Suchana, Kh., Alam, S.E., Khan, M.M., (2021). Blockchain Application in Banking System. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 298-31.
Chen, Y. and Bellavitis, C., (2017). Blockchain Disruption and Decentralized Finance: The Rise of Decentralized Business Models. Elsevier, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, vol 13. e00151.
Chang, V., Valverde, R., Ramachandran, M. Li, Ch. Sh., (2020). Toward Business Integrity Modeling and Analysis Framework for Risk Measurement and Analysis. Applied sciences 10 (9), 3145.
Deloitte. (2016). Blockchain, Enigma. Paradox. Opportunity. Available: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/Innovation/deloitte-ukblockchain-full-report.pdf.
FinTech Network. Four Blockchain Use Cases for Banks. Available on: https://theblockchaintest.com/uploads/resources/file-265154939225.pdf.
Flori, J.P., (2017). The Security and Insecurity of Blockchain and Smart Contracts.
Garg, P., Gupta, B., Chauhan, A.K., Sivarajah, U., Gupta, Sh., Modgil, S., (2020). Measuring the Perceived Benefits of Implementing Blockchain Technology in the Banking Sector. Elsevier Journal.
Guo, Y., Liang, C., (2016). Blockchain Application and Outlook in the Banking Industry. Financial Innovation 2 (24), 1-12.
Guo, H. and Yu, X., (2022). A Survey on Blockchain Technology and its Security. Elsevier, ScienceDirect Journal.
Golubev, A., (2020). Digital Transformation of the Banking System of Russia with the Introduction of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technologies. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 940 012041.
Hoffmann, Ch. H., (2021). Blockchain Use Cases Revisited: Micro-Lending Solutions for Retail Banking and Financial Inclusion. Journal of Systems Science and Information, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Hameed, K., Barika, M., Garg, S., Amine, M. B., Kang, B., (2022). A Taxonomy Studyon Securing Blockchain-based Industrials Applications: An Overview, Applications Perspective, Requirements, Attacks, Countermeasures, and Open Issues. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 100312.
Hassani, H., Huang, X., Silva, E., (2018). Banking with Blockchain-ed Big Data. Journal of Management Analytics 5 (4).
Haber, S. and Stornetta, W.S., (1991). How to Time-stamp a Digital Document. Journal of Cryptology, 3, pp99–111.
He, Q., (2021). Application of Blockchain Technology in Commercial Banks. E3S Web of Conferences 235, 03070 (2021).
Hou, J., Wang, C., Luo, S., (2020). How to Improve the Competiveness of Distributed Energy Resources in China with Blockchain Technology. Available on: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119744.
Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y.K., Misra, S.K., Rana N.P., Raghavan, V., Akella, V., (2019). Blockchain Research, Practice and Policy: Applications, Benefits, limitations, Emerging Research Themes and Research Agenda. Elsevier International Journal of Information Management. Vol 49, pp 114-129.
Ivan, K. and Oleksandr, Sh. (2022). Blockchain Technology: Essence, Benefits and Prospects of Use.
Ibrahim, O.H., (2023). Cryptocurrency, the New Unleashed Financial Instrument: Should it be regulated.
Karamchandani, A., Srivastava, S.K., Srivastava, R.K., (2020). Perception-based Model for Analyzing the Impact of Enterprise Blockchain Adoption on SCM in the Indian Service Industry. Elsevier International Journal of Information Management. Vol 52.
Kumar, K.S., Periera, J., Bhawnani, L.A., (2020). Study on Impact of Blockchain Technology on Indian Banking Sector. UGC Care Journal vol 40, issue 40.
Krause E.G., .Velamuri V.K., .Burghardt T., Nack D., Schmidt M. and Treder T.M. (2018). Blockchain Technology and the Financial Services Market. Available on: https://www.infosys.com/consulting/insights/Documents/blockchain-techn ology.pdf.
Li, X., Jiang, P., Luo, X.,Wen, Q., (2018). A survey on the Security of Blockchain Systems.
Mafike, S.M., Mawela, T., (2022). Blockchain Design and Implementation Techniques, Considerations and Challenges in the Banking Sector: A Systematic Literature Review. Acta Informatica Pragensia, Vol. 11, Issue 3.
Mallesha, C. and Haripriya, S., (2019). A Study on Blockchain Technology in the Banking Sector. International Journal of Advance Research in Commerce, Management and Social Science, Vol 02, 03.07.2019. pp 123-132.
Martino, P., (2021). Blockchain and Banking: How Technological Innovations are shaping the Banking Industry. 1st Edition.
Moorkattil, X., (2022). Banking Application Framework Utilizing Blockchain Technology.
Monetary Authority of Singapore, (2017). Re-imagining Interbank Real-Time Gross Settlement System Using Distributed Ledger Technologies (Project Ubin Phase 2).
Meuter, M.L., Ostrom, A.L., Bitner, M.J., (2000).Self-Service Technologies: Understanding Customer Satisfaction with Technology-Based Service Encounters.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: a Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System.
Nath, M.D. and Bhattasali, T., (2019). Impact of Blockchain to Secure E-transaction. Research Gate, Conference Paper.
Payments Canada, Bank of Canada, & R3. (2017). A Canadian Experiment with Distributed Ledger Technology for Domestic Interbank Payments Settlement (Project Jasper).
Palihapitiya, T., (2020). Blockchain in Banking Industry. Conference Paper.
Patki, A. and Sople, V., (2020). Indian Banking Sector: Blockchain Implementing, Challenges and Way Forward. Journal of Banking and Financial Technology. Springer
Park, J.H. and Park, J.H., (2018). Blockchain Security in Cloud Computing: Use Cases, Challenges and Solutions.
Portilla, D.L., Kappos, D.J., Ngo, M.V., Larrea, S.R., Buretta, J.D., Fargo, Ch.K., (2022). Blockchain in the Banking Sector: A Review of the Landscape and Opportunities. Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance.
Rahmayati., (2021). Strengthening Islamic Banking Services through Blockchain Technology: The Anp-Step Approach. At-Tijaroh: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam, vol 7 (2), 259-272.
Raddatz, N., Coyne, J., Menard, Ph., Crossler, R.E., (2021). Becoming a Blockchain User: Understanding Consumers’ Benefits Realization to Use Blockchain-based Applications. European Journal of Information Systems, vol 32, issue 2.
Reyna, A., Martin, C., Chen, J., Soler, E., Diaz, M., (2018). On Blockchain and its Integration with the Internet of Things. Challenges and Opportunities. Future Generation Computer System 88 173-190.
Sazu, M.H. and Jahan, S.A., (2022). Impact of Blockchain-enabled Analytics as a Tool to Revolutionize the Banking Industry. Journal of Data Science in Finance and Economics, vol 2, issue 3, pp 275-293.
Sharma, D., (2020). Application of Blockchain in the Indian Banking Sector. Global Scientific Journals, vol 8, issue 5.
Sarker, S.K., Uddin, Md.S., Tania, M.T., Das, S.K., Ishraque, Md.K., Shezan, Sk.A., (2022). A New Decentralized Two-stage Multi-objective Control of Secondary Network Driven Hybrid Micro Grid under Variable Generation and Load Conditions. Elsevier, Energy Reports.
Sun, R.T., Garimella, A., Han, W., Chang, H.L., Shaw, M.J., (2020). Transformation of the Transaction Cost and Agency Cost in an Organization and Applicability of Blockchain: A Case Study of Peer-to-Peer Insurance.
Singh, S., Hosen, A.S.M.S., Yoon, A.B., (Senior Member IEEE). Blockchain Security Attacks, Challenges, and Solutions for the Future Distributed IoT Network. IEEE Access Journal.
South African Reserve Bank. (2018). Project Khokha: Exploring the Use of Distributed Ledger Technology for Interbank Payments Settlement in South Africa.
Tapscott, D., Tapscott, A., (2016). How Blockchain will Change Organizations.
Tandon, A., Kaur, P., MAntymAki, M., Dhir, A. (2021). Blockchain Applications in Management: a Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review. Technology Forecast Soc Chang 166:120649.
Thommandru, A. and Chakka, B., (2023). Recalibrating the Banking Sector with Blockchain Technology for Effective Anti-Money Laundering Compliances by Banks. Elsevier Science Direct Journal.
Ullah, N., Al-Rahmi, W.M., Alfarraji, O., Alalwan, N., Alzahrani, A.I., Ramayah, T., Kumar, V., (2022). Hybridizing Cost Saving with Trust for Blockchain Technology Adoption by Financial Institutions. Elsevier Journal 6 (2022).
Uddin, Sh.S., Joysoyal, R., Sarker, S.K., Muyeen, S.M., Ali, Md.F., Hasan, Md.M., Abhi, S.H., Islam, Md.R., Ahamad, Md.H., Islam, Md.M., Das, S.K., Badal, Md.F.R., Tasneem, P.D., (2022). Next Generation Blockchain Enabled Smart Grid: Conceptual Framework, Key Technologies and Industry Practices Review. Elsevier Energy and AI.
Vazquez, S.F., Rosillo, R., De La Fuente, D., Priore, P., (2019). Blockchain in FinTech: A Mapping Study.
Vedapradha, R. and Ravi, H., (2021). Innovation in Banking: Fusion of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol 15, no. 1.
Wang, Sh., Ouyang, L., Yuan, Y., Ni, X., Han, X., Wang, F.Y., (2019). Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts: Architecture, Applications, and Future Trends.
Weerawarna, R., Miah, Sh, J., Shao, X., (2023). Emerging Advances of Blockchain Technology in Finance: A Content Analysis. Springer Journal. Complete it
Xie, J., Yu, F.R., Huang,T., Xie, R., Liu, J., Liu, Y., (2019). A Survey on the Scalability of Blockchain Systems. Publisher: IEEE.
Yang, W., Garg, S., Raza, A., Herbert, D., Kang, B., (2018). Blockchain: Trends and Future.
Zhao, JL., Fan, S., Yan, J., (2016). Overview of Business Innovations and Research Opportunities in Blockchain and Introduction to the Special Issue. Financial Innovation (Heidelberg) 2(1):1–7
Zou, W., Lo, D., Kochhar, P.S., Le, X.B.D., Xia, X., Feng, Y., Chen, Zh., Xu, B., (2021). Smart Contract Development: Challenges and Opportunities. IEEE Publisher.
5.3. Links
Accenture, (2018). Building the Future-ready Bank. Retrieved from: http s://www.accenture.com/gb-en/_ac media/PDF-78/Accenture-Banking-Technology-Vision-2018.pdf.
Banks Editorial Team, (2018). How Blockchain Benefits Banks. Retrieved from: https://www.banks.com/articles/cryptocurrency/blockchain-benefits banks/. Accessed on 01.07.2023.
Economist Magazine, (2021). What are the Blckchains? Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com. Accessed on: 11.07.2023.
Nelito, (2018). Blockchain Technology in Banking and Finance. Retrieved from: https://www.nelito.com/blog/blockchain-technology-in-banking-and-finan ce.html. Accessed on 02.07.2023.
Meola, A. (2017). How Banks and Financial Institutions are Implementing Blockchain Technology. Retrieved from: http://uk.businessinsider.com/ blockchain-technology-banking-finance-2017-9. Accessed on 04.07.2023.
Garcia, V., (2018). 4 Key Ways Blockchain Can Facilitate People With no Formal Identity to Access Banking. Retrieved from: https://irishtechnews.ie/4-key-ways-blockchain-can-facilitate-people-with-no-formal-identify-to-access-banking/Accessed on 07.07.2023.
Business Insider Intelligence, (2019). Blockchain in Banking: An Inside Look at Four Banks’ Early Blockchain Successes and Failures. Retrieved from: http s://www.businessinsider.com/the-blockchain-in-banking-report-2019-6?IR=T. Accessed on 06.07.2023.
Sarnitz, A., and Maier, R., (2017). Blockchain in Retail Banking. Retrieved from: https://www.bankinghub.eu/innovation-digital/blockchain-retail-banking. Accessed on 03.07.2023.
Taylor, P., (2022). Size of the Blockchain Technology Market Worldwide from 2018 to 2025. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com. Accessed on 25.07.2023.
Martin, R., (2018). 5 Ways Banks Can Benefit From Blockchain Technology. Retrieved from: https://igniteoutsourcing.com/blockchain/blockchain-solutions-for-banking/. Accessed on 10.07.2023.
Harigunani P. (2017). Blockchain for Banks: Benefits and Implications. Retrieved from: https://www.ciol.com/8-benefits-blockchain-banks-future-implications/. Accessed on 03.07.2023.
Caplen, B. (2018). Blockchain: where it works, where it doesn't. Retrieved from: https://www.thebanker.com/Comment-Profiles/Editor-s-Blog/ Blockchain-where-it-works-where-it-doesn-t. Accessed on 08.07.2023.
Schou-Zibell, L., and Phair, N. (2018). How secure is blockchain? Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/04/how-secure-is-blockchain/. Accessed on 09.07.2023.
Tucker, H., (2019). Polish Bank Alior Uses Public Ethereum Blockchain For New Document Authentication Feature. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/hanktucker/2019/06/17/polish-bank-alior-uses-public-ethereum-blockchain-for-new-document-authentication-feature/?sh=47763ea244a6. Accessed on 10.07.2023.
Galeon, D. (2017). Mining Bitcoin Costs More Energy Than What 159 Countries Consume in a Year. Retrieved from: https://futurism.com/ mining-bitcoin-costs-more-energy-159-countries-consume-year. Accessed on 10.07.2023.
Bloomberg, J. (2018). Don’t Let Blockchain Cost Savings Hype Fool You. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonbloomberg/2018/02/24/ dont-let-blockchain-cost-savings-hype-fool-you/#66e40c005811. Accessed on 10.07.2023.
Marr, B. (2017). Practical Examples of How Blockchains are used in Banking and the Financial Services Sector. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernard marr/2017/08/10/practical-examples-of-howblockchains-are-used-in-banking-and-the-financialservices-sector/#29f5a58b1a11. Accessed on 13.07.2023.
Barclays Bank, (2016). Retrieved from: https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/dtl_eWeek2018c04-ICCBrasil_en.pdf. Accessed on 14.07.2023.
New Banking Age Summit Europe, (2018). For Keys Advantages of Using Blockchain in Banking Sector. Retrieved from: http://newagebankingsummit.com/europe/4-key-advantages-of-using-blockchain-in-banking/. Accessed on 17.07.2023.
JP Morgan Chase, Toshiba and Ciena Build the First Quantom Key Distribution Network Used to Secure Mission-Critical Blockchain Application. Retrieved from: https://www.jpmorgan.com/technology/technology-blog/jpmc-toshiba-ciena-build-first-quantum-key-distribution-network-critical-blockchain-application. Accessed on 169.07.2023.
Lowry, E., (2017). Rethink Financial Services with IBM Blockchain at Distributed. Retrieved from: https://www.blockchainlancer.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=332:rethink-financial-services-with-ibm-blockchain-at-distributed-trade&Itemid=848. Accessed on: 16.07.2023.
Gupta A., (2018). Blockchain technology: application in Indian banking sector. Retrieved from: https://yourstory.com/mystory/1dd8be50c6-blockchain-technology-. Accessed on 18.07.2023.
Sajita, R. and Antony, A. (2018). Banks Turn to Blockchain to Speed Up Indian Internal Trade Deals. Retrieved from: https://cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ banks-turn-to-blockchain-to-speed-up-indian-internal-trade-deals/64490723. Accessed on 16.07.2023.
Suhel, A., (2023). Exploring the Benefits of Blockchain Technology in Fraud Detection and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/24091/exploring-the-benefits-of-blockchain-technology-in-fraud-detection-and-prevention#:~:text=Since%20all%20the%20transactions%20in,carry%20out%20their%20fraudulent%20activities. Accessed on 19.07.2023.
Serey, Ch., (2019). Case Study of the National Bank of Cambodia boosts financial inclusion with Hyperledger Iroha. Retrieved from: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/publications/soramitsu-case-study. Accessed on 19.07.2023.
Commbank, (2016). Commonwealth Bank, Wells Fargo and Brighann Cotton Pioneer Landmark Blockchain Trade Transaction. Retrieved from: https://www.commbank.com.au/guidance/newsroom/CBA-Wells-Fargo-blockchain-experiment-201610.html. Accessed on 21.07.2023.
Blockchain: security and transparency at the service of banking. Retrieved from: https://www.santander.com/en/stories/blockchain-security-and-transparency-at-the-service-of-banking. Accessed on 20.07.2023.
Zhao, W., (2017). $30 Million: Ether Reported Stolen Due to Parity Wallet Breach. Retrieved from: https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2017/07/19/30-million-ether-reported-stolen-due-to-parity-wallet-breach/. Accessed on 21.07.2023.
Grubb, B., (2013). Australian Bitcoin bank hacked: $1m+ stolen. Retrieved from: https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/technology/australian-bitcoin-bank-hacked-1m-stolen-20131108-hv2iv.html. Accessed on 23.07.2023.
Published
2023-12-24
How to Cite
IBRAHIM, O. H. (2023). BLOCKCHAIN; POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN BANKING SECTOR A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES . Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 1393-1407. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2023.26.2.79
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences