EFFECT OF IMPLANT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ZERANOL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAIT AND BODY COMPOSITION OF AWASSI LAMBS
Keywords:
Growth;, Carcass Traits;, , Zeranol;, , Awassi;
Abstract
A total of 30 weaned Awassi lambs (3-4 months) with an average body weight of 28.10 ± o.64 kg were divided equally and randomly into 3 groups. The first was left intact, while the 2nd and 3rd groups were implanted with zeranol at the rate of 12 and 24 mg, respectively. Each group was kept in a separate pen and fed concentrate (15.067 % C.P. and 2950 kcal/kg) ad lib till they were slaughtered at 40 kg body weight. Results revealed that daily gain, dressing percentage based on body weight and rib eye area averaged 0.212 ± 0.007g, 50.17 ± 0.36 % and 12.88 ± 0.29 cm2, respectively, and the differences among treatments were not significant. Fat thickness over L.dorsi muscle was significantly (p<0.05) thinner in lambs received 24 mg zeranol as compared with other treatments. Also, it appears that implanting lambs with zeranol resulted in a significant (p<0.01) increase in the percentage of lean and a reduction in fat percentage of the carcass. Intact lambs had significantly (p<0.05) higher total body fat (6.94 ± 0.22 kg) as compared with lambs implanted with 12 mg (6.15 ± 0.21 kg) and lambs implanted with 24 mg zeranol (5.94 ± 0.29 kg). This reduction was associated mainly with a reduction in carcass fat only.
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References
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- Nwokolo, R. N. (1972). The effect of ration and Ralgro implantation on the growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Hereford steers. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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- Schanbacher, B. D. (1984). Pituitary-testicular responses of estradiol-170-implanted bull calves to continuous versus pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 943-948.
- Sharp, G. D. and I. A. Dyer. (1970). Metabolic responses to zeralanol implants. J. Anim. Sci. 30:1040 (Abst.).
- Song, M. K. and Choi, S. H. (2001). Growth promoters and their effects on beef production (Review). Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science 14:123-135.
Sumano, L. H., Ocampo, C. L. and Gutiérrez, O. L. (2002). Clenbuterol yotro B-agonista, ¿una opciόn para la producciόn pecuaria o unriesgo para la salud pública? Revisiόn. Veterinaria México 33:137-159. (Cited by Castillo et al, 2014 the effects of chronic and acute exposure to estradioE17P. J. Anim. Sci. 58:949.
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- Wiggins, J. P., Rothenbacher, H., Wilson, L. L., Martin, R. J.,Wangsness, P. J. and Ziegler, J. H. (1979). Growth and endocrine responses of lamb to zeranol implants: Effects of preimplant growth rate and breed of sire. J. Anim. Sci. 49:291-297.
- Williams. Rao, P. N. M.C., Moore, P.H. & Goldzieher, J.W. (1987). Bovine metabolism of 17β –oestradiol and its benzoate. J. Toxicol. And Environmental Health 4, 495.
- Wilson LL, Borger ML, Peterson AD, Rugh MC, Orley CF (1972). Methionine hydroxyl analog on growth and carcass characters and certain blood metabolites in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 35:129-132.
- Alkass, J. E. and Blind, M. S. M. (2016). The response of intact and castrated kid to zeranol implantation. Journal of University of Duhok, 19:187-196.
- Alkass, J. E. and Hassan, C. S. (2014). Growth performance and carcass composition of Karadi and their crossbred raised under two feeding levels. Advanced J. A. Res. 2: 123-130.
- Alkass, J. E. and Juma, K. H. (2005). Small Ruminants Breeds of Iraq. In Chractiraztion of Small Ruminant Breeds In West Asia and North Africa (Luis InIqueze) Vol . 1.West Asia. International center for Agriculture research in the dray Areas (ICARDA); Aleppo, Syria. 63-101.
- Alkass, J. E. and Kak, H. F. (2015). Zeranol and breed effects on growth performance, carcass merit and body composition of lambs. Pp: 042-049.
- Alkass, J. E. and Tahir, M. F, and Alrawi, A. A. and Badawi F. S. (1987). Performance of crossbred lambs raised under two feeding regimes, Wld. Rev. Anim. Prod. 23:21-25.
- Bouffault, J. C., and Willermart J. P. (1983). Anabolic activity of trenbolone acetate alone or in association with estrogen. In Anabolics I Animal production. Office international des Epizooties,paris,France.155-192.
- Calhoun, M. C., Shelton, M., and Cross, H . R . (1972). Comparison of the effect of zeranol and diethylstilstilbestrol implants on lamb weight gains and carcass characteristics . TEX CPR – 3017 : 18-20.
- Calkins, C. R., Clanton, D. C., Berg, T. J. and Kinder, J. E. (1986). Growth, carcass and palatability traits of intact males and steers implanted with Zeranol or Estradiol Early and throughout life. J. Anim. Sci. 62:625-631.
- Castillo, J. G. C., Romero, A. A. and Jorge, Q. F. (2014). Productive performance, composition and carcass yield of lambs treated with zeranol. R. Bras. Zootec. 43:310-314.
- DʹOcchio, M. J., Schanbacher, B. D. and Kinder, J. E. (1984). In vitro testosterone secretion by testicular tissue from young bulls and the effects of chronic and acute exposure to estradioE17P. J. Anim. Sci. 58:9949.
- Eckerman, S. R., Lardy, G. P., Thompson, M. M., Van Emon, M. L., Neville, B. W. and Berg, P. T. (2011). Effects of graded levels of zeranol implants on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and incidence of prolapse and mortality in lambs. Sheep Research Report, 7-12.
- Eckerman, S. R., Lardy, G. P., Thompson, M. M., Van Emon, M. L., Neville, B. W., Berg, P. T. and Schauer, C. S. (2013). Effects of increasing dosages of zeranol implants on lamb growth, carcass characteristics, blood hormones, and nitrogen metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 91:986-994. Feeding regimes. WId. Rev. Anim. Prod., XXIII: 21-25.
- Field, R. A., Snowder, G. D., Maiorano, G., McCormick, R. J., and Riley, M. L. (1993). Growth and slaughter characteristics of ram and wether lambs implanted with zeranol. J. Anim. Sci. 71:631–635.
- Hutcheson, J. P., Greene, L. W., Carstens, G. E. and Byers, F. M. (1992). Effects of zeranol and two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorous on performance, carcass and bone characteristics, and calcium status in growing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1346–1351.
- Landau S, Yegana Y , Wolfenson D, B EN-Asher, A. (1987). The effect of Zeranol implantation on thermoregulatory, hematological and physiological responses to heat stress in weaned lambs. Ann. Zootech., 36 (1) 1-10.
- Mader, T. L., Clanton, D. C., Wart, J. K., Pankaskie, D. E. and Deutscher, G. H. (1985). Effect of pre-and post-weaning zeranol implant on steer calf performance. J. Anim. Sci. 61:546-551.
- Mahgoub, A. O. and Lodge, G. A. (1998). A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats. J .Agric. Sci (Camb.) 131:329-339.
- Martin, B. (1984). Safety of zeranol in the food chain. In Proceeding conference: Implanting for growth, calgary, Alberta, Sept. 20-21. 21-33.
- Nasahlai, I. V., Green, H., Bradford, M. and Bonsi, M. L. (2002). The influence of source and level of protein, and implantation with zeranol on sheep growth. Livestock production Science 74: 103-112.
- Nold, R. A. (1990). Implanting ram and wether lambs with zeranol at birth and weaning. M. S. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan.
- Nold, R. A., Unruh, J.A., Spaeth, C.W. and Minton, J.E. (1992). Effect of zeranol implants in ram and wethe lambs on performance traits, carcass characterstics, and subprimal cut yields and distribution. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1699-1707.
- Nwokolo, R. N. (1972). The effect of ration and Ralgro implantation on the growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Hereford steers. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Oramari, R. A., Alkass, J. E. and Knyaw, I. M. (2014). A comparative study on growth, carcass trait and tissue distribution of Awassi and Hamdani lambs. J. Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 4:36-43.
- Otchere, E. O., Doamekpor, S.K. and Bafl-Yeboa, M. (1986). Response of sheep and goats to zeranol implantation.Ghana. J. agric. Sci. 91-93.
- Prado, O. M., Nouel, B. G. and Prado, O. J. (2002). Uso de lisados de όrganos y zeranol en el engorde de novillos mestizos comerciales a pastoero bajo condiciones de bosque seco. Revista Cientifica 12:555-558. (Cited by Castillo et al, 2014).
- Prior, R. L., Smith, S. B., Schanbacher, B. D. and Mersmann, H. J. (1984). Lipid metabolism in finishing bulls and steers implanted with oestradiol-17pdipropionate. Ann. Rep. NCR-132.
- Salisbury, M. W., May, B. J., Talley, S. J., Carr, M. A. and Engdahl, G. R. (2007). Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of feeder lambs implanted and re-implanted with zeranol. Texas J. of Ag. and Nat. Res. 20:1-9.
- Schanbacher, B. D. (1984). Pituitary-testicular responses of estradiol-170-implanted bull calves to continuous versus pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. J. Anim. Sci. 58: 943-948.
- Sharp, G. D. and I. A. Dyer. (1970). Metabolic responses to zeralanol implants. J. Anim. Sci. 30:1040 (Abst.).
- Song, M. K. and Choi, S. H. (2001). Growth promoters and their effects on beef production (Review). Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science 14:123-135.
Sumano, L. H., Ocampo, C. L. and Gutiérrez, O. L. (2002). Clenbuterol yotro B-agonista, ¿una opciόn para la producciόn pecuaria o unriesgo para la salud pública? Revisiόn. Veterinaria México 33:137-159. (Cited by Castillo et al, 2014 the effects of chronic and acute exposure to estradioE17P. J. Anim. Sci. 58:949.
- Valenzulea-Grijalva, N. V., Gonzalez-Rios, H., Islava, T. Y., Velenzuela. M., Torrescano, G., Camou, J. P. and Nunez-Gonzalez, F. A. (2011). Changes in intramuscular fat, fatty acid profile and cholesterol content induced by zeranol implantation strategy in hair lambs. J. Sci. Food, Agric. 92: 1362-1367.
- Wiggins, J. P., Rothenbacher, H., Wilson, L. L., Martin, R. J.,Wangsness, P. J. and Ziegler, J. H. (1979). Growth and endocrine responses of lamb to zeranol implants: Effects of preimplant growth rate and breed of sire. J. Anim. Sci. 49:291-297.
- Williams. Rao, P. N. M.C., Moore, P.H. & Goldzieher, J.W. (1987). Bovine metabolism of 17β –oestradiol and its benzoate. J. Toxicol. And Environmental Health 4, 495.
- Wilson LL, Borger ML, Peterson AD, Rugh MC, Orley CF (1972). Methionine hydroxyl analog on growth and carcass characters and certain blood metabolites in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 35:129-132.
Published
2019-08-01
How to Cite
ALKASS, J. E., & DOSKI, H. M. M. (2019). EFFECT OF IMPLANT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ZERANOL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAIT AND BODY COMPOSITION OF AWASSI LAMBS. Journal of Duhok University, 22(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.9
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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