IMPACTS OF ELEVATED OZONE CONCENTRATION ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF TWO WHEAT PLANT VARIETIES

BAHZAD M.T. KHALED; EZAT Y. RAOOF

doi:10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.19

BAHZAD M.T. KHALED Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture University of Duhok, Kurdistan region- Iraq
EZAT Y. RAOOF Dept. of Biology, College of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region –Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.19

Keywords: Tropospheric Ozone, Triticum durum, physiological traits, morphological traits

Abstract

Tropospheric ozone is the most important atmospheric pollutant affecting agricultural crops due to its phytotoxicity. Wheat plant, as an important and dominant cereal crop has been found to be sensitive to elevated ozone levels leading to adverse effects on growth and productivity. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the ambient air concentration and the future increase in tropospheric ozone concentration on some physiological and morphological traits of two wheat plant (Triticum durum) varieties, Semito and Creso. Open‐top chamber (OTC) field experiments were conducted during two consecutive years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 under environmental conditions of Kurdistan region of Iraq, accumulated exposure over threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) was tested, the treatment were i) ambient air concentration (32-37) ppb, ii) 50 ppb and iii) 60 ppb. Elevated Ozone concentration show a significant negative effect on total chlorophyll content (SPAD), relative water content, leaf area, plant height and consequently reducing above ground biomass, while in the same time induced increase in proline content in flag leaves. The present study demonstrate that the elevated tropospheric Ozone concentration significantly affect a range of important physiological and morphological characteristics of both varieties of wheat plant (T. durum).

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