APPLICATION OF POLLUTION INDICES FOR HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT IN SURFACE WATER OF DUHOK DAM (KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ)

HAJAR AMEEN AMEEN; OMAR A.O. REKANI; VAHIL I. H. BARWARI

doi:10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.24

HAJAR AMEEN AMEEN Dept. of Soil and Water Science, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region – Iraq
OMAR A.O. REKANI Dept. of Soil and Water Science, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region – Iraq
VAHIL I. H. BARWARI Dept. of Soil and Water Science, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region – Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.24

Keywords: Water Sources, Water Pollution, Heavy Metals, Pollution Indices, Duhok Dam

Abstract

Continuous monitoring and assessment of water sources in term of heavy metal is crucial to grantee their suitability for any purposes including human consumption. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess surface water pollution of Duhok Dam in Kurdistan region of Iraq, in term of metal pollution indices. Surface water samples were collected from 6 different sites around the dam during dry (July to October, 2018) and wet (December to April 2019) seasons, and analyzed for heavy metals concentration including Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Then, heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of contamination (Cd) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) was calculated for assessing overall quality of the water with regard to the total content of heavy metals. Results of individual parameters showed that, except Cd, the concentration of heavy metals at all the studied sites were lower than prescribed limits according to Iraqi's (IQS:417, 2001) and WHO (2017) standards. However, the results was also showed that the concentrations of Cd in most of the studied sites were higher than the permissible limits (3μg/L) depending on the recommended standards, indicating that there is a leaching of this metal into the water dam. Based on metal pollution indices values, despite of the existence of higher value of HPI in one situation, water samples from all studied sites were below the critical values. Concerning the seasonal variation, the concentrations of heavy metals and metal indices values were fluctuated throughout the seasons and different sites. Depending on these results, it can be concluded that the dam water can be used as safe water for drinking. However, higher concentration of Cd in some water samples could have negatives impacts on human health in long-term usage. Therefore, it can be suggested that simple treatments such as granular activated carbon filtration of the study water before use is advisable for granting safe water supply to the citizens of this area

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