IMPACT OF MULCHING AND SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SUPPRESS OF TOMATO FUSARIUM DAMPING OFF DURING THREE ROTATION

PAYMAN H. HASSAN; WAZEER A. HASSAN; KHADEEJA A. SAIDO

doi:10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.29

PAYMAN H. HASSAN College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
WAZEER A. HASSAN College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
KHADEEJA A. SAIDO College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/avuod.2019.22.1.29

Keywords: Mulches, Soil amendments, F solani, Damping off, Soil quality, Microbial community

Abstract

Inorganic mulches of black polyethylene and stone fragments and soil amendments of shredded paper, wood chips, pine leaf litter, ornamental leaves and composted manures of chicken and ovine's were inoculated with a pathogenic Fusarium solani before sowing tomato seeds for three rotations with duration of 30 days for each. Incidence of damping off of seedlings, analysis of soil microbial and soil properties were computed.

The results revealed entire reduction of damping off after second rotation when used polyethylene mulch and paper bulb. Wood chips and stone fragments were also reduced disease occurrence significantly with 87 and 89 %, respectively. Physicochemical soil properties was improved to relatively optimal ranges; organic matter >30 %, E.C. 3.8-4.8, C/N 12.6-20.1. Microbial analysis showed increasing of fungal population of 17 cfu / g soil after the first rotation and fleeted to 28 cfu/g soil after 30 days of the second rotation, and then reduced to 16 cfu / g soil after third rotation. In contrast, F. solani was suppressed after third rotation through antagonism potential of these organisms. Stone fragments and composted manures contained the highest population of fungal community attained to 28, 30 and 31 cfu / g soil, respectively than 12 and 17 cfu / g soil in control. Shredded paper and stone fragments mulch resulted in high activation of bacterial community reached to 19 and 12 cfu / g soil compared to 10.44 in control. Interaction of rotation and soil amendments appeared the highest colonization of fungi with 46 cfu/ g soil in the chicken manures during first rotation. While pine leaf litter, black polyethylene, and stone fragments encouraged fungal growth to 42 and 39 cfu / g soil during second rotation, the most amendments were supported the bacterial growth to 21- 28 cfu / g soil than 8.66 and 7 cfu / g soil in the control. Microbial communities in most treatments were decreased in the third rotation though continues of fungi growth to 38 cfu / g soil

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