FOLIAR APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES AND SYNERGISTS OF POPULIN EXTRACT FOR CONTROL APPLE SCAB VENTURIA INAEQUALIS
Keywords:
Apple scab, Venturia inaequalis, Foliar Application, Plant Extract, Fungicides
Abstract
In the field control strategy of six spray of fungicides vis. (Goldazim, Champion, Punch, Piristine, Champion and Punch) was remarkable in reducing scab incidence of apple leaves to 51% and fruits 43.73% and their efficacy have been achieved by 40% and 57.7%. Reduction of scab severity enquired on leaves and fruits was 18.59 and 10.2%, thus, it was more efficient in preventing disease attack by 62% and 72.5%, respectively.
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References
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Balint, J., Szilveszter, N., Rezső, T., Imre-István, N. and Adalbert, B. (2014). Using plant extracts to reduce asexual reproduction of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Turk J Agric Vol. 38: 91-98.
Beresford, R. M., Wright, P. J., Wood, P. N., Park, N. M., Larsen, N. J. and Fisher, B. M. (2013). Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions. New Zealand Plant Protection Vol. 66:274-283.
Biggs, A. R. and Warner, J. (1990). Full-season and post-harvest applications of sterol-inhibiting fungicides to reduce ascospore formation in Venturia inaequalis. Phytoprotection Vol. 71: 9-15.
Carisse, O., and J. R. Pelletier. (1994). Sensitivity distribution of Venturia inaequalis to fenarimol in Québec apple orchards. Phytoprotection Vol. 75: 35-43.
Carisse, O., Tremblay, D. M., Jobin, T. and Walker A. S. (2010). Disease Decision Support Systems: Their Impact on Disease Management and Durability of Fungicide Effectiveness, Fungicides, Odile Carisse (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-266 1, InTech, Available from:http://www.intechopen.com/books/fungicides/disease-decision-support-systems-their-impact-on-diseasemanagement-and-durability-of-fungicide-effect .
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Croxall, H. E., Gwynne, D. C. and Jenkins, J. E. E., (1952). The rapid assessment of apple scab on fruit. Plant Pathol. Vol. 2: 89-92.
Croxall, H. E., Gwyanne, D. C. and Jenkins, J. E. E. (1953). The measurement of losses caused by apple tree diseases with special reference to apple scab. Ann. Appl. Biol., Vol. 40:600-603.
de Waard, M. A., Andrade, A. C., Hayashi, K., Schoonbeek, H., Stergiopoulos, I. and Zwiers, L. (2006). Impact of fungal drug transporters on fungicide sensitivity, multidrug resistance and virulence. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 62:195-207
Demeyere, A. and Deturck, R. (2002). Utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques dans les principales cultures en Belgique durant la décennie 1991-2000. Ministère des Classes Moyennes et de l’Agriculture, Bruxelles, pp. 26.
Fontaine, S., Remuson, F., Fraissinet-Tachet, L., Micoud, A., Marmeisse, R. and Melayah, D. (2009). Monitoring of Venturia inaequalis harbouring the QoI resistance G143A mutation in French orchards as revealed by PCR assays. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 65:74-81.
FRAC (2015). Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. www.frac.info/publication/anhang/FRAC%20Code%20Lis t%20 2015-inal.pdf (accessed 2015).
Gadoury, D. M.; McHardy, W. E. and Rosenberger, D. A. (1989). Integration of pesticide application schedules for disease and insect control in apple orchards of the northern United States. Plant Dis.Vol. 73: 98–105.
Gao, L. Q., Berrie, A., Yang, J. R. and Xu, X. M. (2009). Within- and between-orchard variability in the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, a DMI fungicide, in the UK. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 65:1241–1249.
Heijne, B., Jong, P. F., Köhl, J., Speksnijder, A.G.C.L., Hockenhull, J., Bengtsson, M., Lindhard Pedersen, H., Paaske, K., Eiben, U., Tamm, L. and Trapman, M. (2006). Prevention and control of apple scab. European Joint Organic Congress, 30 & 31 May 2006, Odense, Denmark.
Holb, I. J. and Heijne, B., (2001) Evaluating primary scab control in organic apple production. Gartenbauwissenschaft Vol. 66: 254-261.
Holb, I. J., Heijne, B., Withagen, J. C. M., Gall, J. M. and Jeger, M.J., (2005a). Analysis of summer epidemic progress of apple scab at different apple production systems in the Netherlands and Hungary. Phytopatholog.y Vol. 95: 1001-1020.
Holb, I. J. (2009). Fungal disease management in organic apple orchards: epidemiological aspects and management approaches. Pages 163-177 in: Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology in the 21st Century, Vol. 1. Gisi. U., Chet, I., Gullino, M.L. (eds). Springer, New York.
Jamar, L. and Lateur, M. (2005). Recherche de méthodes alternatives de lutte contre la tavelure du pommier dans le cadre de la production biologique: trois années d’expérimentation au CRA-W. Le Fruit Belge Vol. 515: 70-76.
Jobin, T., and Carisse, O. (2007). Incidence of Myclobutanil and Kresoxim-Methyl-Insensitive Isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Quebec Orchards. Plant Dis. Vol. 91:1351-1358.
Jones, A. L. and Aldwinckle, H. S. (eds.) (1990). Compendium of apple and pear diseases. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, Minnesota.100 pp.
Köller, W., Wilcox, W. F. and Parker, D. M. (2005a). Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis populations to anilinopyrimidine fungicides and their contribution to scab mana¬gement in New York. Plant Dis., Vol. 89 (4): 357–365.
Köller, W., Parker, D., Turechek, W., Rosenberger, D., Wilcox, W., Caroll, J., Agnello, A. and Reissig, H. (2005b). Fungicide resistance of apple scab: status Quo and management options. New York Fruit Quarterly, Vol. 13(1): 9–17.
Kunz, S., Deising, H. and Mendgen, K. (1997). Acquisition of resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors of populations of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathol. Vol.87: 1272-1278.
MacHardy, W. E., (1996). Apple Scab, Biology, Epidemiology and Management. St Paul, Minnesota, USA: APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, 545 pp.
MacHardy, W. E. (1998). Action thresholds increase fungicide and sanitation efficiency in integrated management of apple scab. Acta Hortic. Vol. 525: 123–131.
McGrath, M. T. (2001). Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew: Experiences and challenges. Plant Dis. Vol. 85: 236–245.
Montag, J., Schreiber, L. and Schönherr, J., (2005). An in vitro study on the postinfection activities of hydrated lime and lime sulphur against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). J. Phytopathol. Vol. 153: 485-491.
Percival, G. C. (2008). Paclobutrazol soil drenches provide partial reductions in symptoms of apple scab of ornamental trees and Guignardia leaf blotch of horse chestnut. J Envir. Hort., Vol. 26:87–92.
Quello, K. L., Chapman, K. S. and Beckerman, J. L. (2010). In situ detection of benzimidazole resistance in field isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Indiana. Plant Dis. Vol. 94(6): 744-750
Rosenberger, D. A. and Cox, K. D. (2010). Apple Scab Management Options for High-Inoculum Orchards. New York Fruit Quarterly Vol. 18(1): 3-8 .
Siebels, C., and Mendgen, K. (1994). A microscopic evaluation of the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis population to sterol demethylation inhibitors. Mycol. Res. Vol. 98: 619-624.
Stammler, G., Brix, H. D., Nave, B., Gold, R. and Schoefl, U. (2007). Biological Performance of boscalid and its mode of action. 15th international Reinhardsbrum Symposium, Friedrichroda , Germany. pp. 45-51.
Sutton, D. K., MacHardy, W. E., and Lord, W.G., (2000). Effects of shredding or treating apple leaf litter with urea on ascospore dose of Venturia inaequalis and disease buildup. Plant Dis. Vol. 84: 1319-1326.
Thiesz, R., Balog, A., Ferenc, L. and Albert, J. (2007). The effects of plant extracts on apple scab ( Venturia inaequulis (Cooke) under laboratory conditions. Sapientia University, Faculty of Technical and Human Science, 1/C , balogadalbert2002@yahoo.co.uk mail:-Sighisoarei st. Tg.Mures, Romania, Vol. 12(4): 3295-330
Townsend, G. R. and Heuberger, I. W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by disease in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Reporter, Vol. 27(17): 340-343.
Trapman, M. C. and Polfliet, M. (1997): Management of primary infections of apple scab with the simulation program RIMpro: review of four years field trials. IOBC Bulletin Vol. 20: 241- 250.
Xu, X. M., Harvey, N., Roberts, A. L. and Barbara, D. J. (2013). Population variation of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) within mixed orchards in the UK. European Plant Pathol. Vol.
Ypema, H. L. and Gold, R. E. (1999). Kresoxim-methyl: modification of a naturally occurring compound to produce a new fungicide. Plant Dis. Vol. 83:4-19. 44.
Balint, J., Szilveszter, N., Rezső, T., Imre-István, N. and Adalbert, B. (2014). Using plant extracts to reduce asexual reproduction of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Turk J Agric Vol. 38: 91-98.
Beresford, R. M., Wright, P. J., Wood, P. N., Park, N. M., Larsen, N. J. and Fisher, B. M. (2013). Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions. New Zealand Plant Protection Vol. 66:274-283.
Biggs, A. R. and Warner, J. (1990). Full-season and post-harvest applications of sterol-inhibiting fungicides to reduce ascospore formation in Venturia inaequalis. Phytoprotection Vol. 71: 9-15.
Carisse, O., and J. R. Pelletier. (1994). Sensitivity distribution of Venturia inaequalis to fenarimol in Québec apple orchards. Phytoprotection Vol. 75: 35-43.
Carisse, O., Tremblay, D. M., Jobin, T. and Walker A. S. (2010). Disease Decision Support Systems: Their Impact on Disease Management and Durability of Fungicide Effectiveness, Fungicides, Odile Carisse (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-266 1, InTech, Available from:http://www.intechopen.com/books/fungicides/disease-decision-support-systems-their-impact-on-diseasemanagement-and-durability-of-fungicide-effect .
Cooperation Program between the General Directorate of Agriculture and University of Duhok )2017). Survey of Insects and Plant Diseases in Duhok Governorate 1st edition. English and Arabic. Deposit number at Baderkhany library (D-/2023/17). 477 ppt.
Croxall, H. E., Gwynne, D. C. and Jenkins, J. E. E., (1952). The rapid assessment of apple scab on fruit. Plant Pathol. Vol. 2: 89-92.
Croxall, H. E., Gwyanne, D. C. and Jenkins, J. E. E. (1953). The measurement of losses caused by apple tree diseases with special reference to apple scab. Ann. Appl. Biol., Vol. 40:600-603.
de Waard, M. A., Andrade, A. C., Hayashi, K., Schoonbeek, H., Stergiopoulos, I. and Zwiers, L. (2006). Impact of fungal drug transporters on fungicide sensitivity, multidrug resistance and virulence. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 62:195-207
Demeyere, A. and Deturck, R. (2002). Utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques dans les principales cultures en Belgique durant la décennie 1991-2000. Ministère des Classes Moyennes et de l’Agriculture, Bruxelles, pp. 26.
Fontaine, S., Remuson, F., Fraissinet-Tachet, L., Micoud, A., Marmeisse, R. and Melayah, D. (2009). Monitoring of Venturia inaequalis harbouring the QoI resistance G143A mutation in French orchards as revealed by PCR assays. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 65:74-81.
FRAC (2015). Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. www.frac.info/publication/anhang/FRAC%20Code%20Lis t%20 2015-inal.pdf (accessed 2015).
Gadoury, D. M.; McHardy, W. E. and Rosenberger, D. A. (1989). Integration of pesticide application schedules for disease and insect control in apple orchards of the northern United States. Plant Dis.Vol. 73: 98–105.
Gao, L. Q., Berrie, A., Yang, J. R. and Xu, X. M. (2009). Within- and between-orchard variability in the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, a DMI fungicide, in the UK. Pest Manage. Sci. Vol. 65:1241–1249.
Heijne, B., Jong, P. F., Köhl, J., Speksnijder, A.G.C.L., Hockenhull, J., Bengtsson, M., Lindhard Pedersen, H., Paaske, K., Eiben, U., Tamm, L. and Trapman, M. (2006). Prevention and control of apple scab. European Joint Organic Congress, 30 & 31 May 2006, Odense, Denmark.
Holb, I. J. and Heijne, B., (2001) Evaluating primary scab control in organic apple production. Gartenbauwissenschaft Vol. 66: 254-261.
Holb, I. J., Heijne, B., Withagen, J. C. M., Gall, J. M. and Jeger, M.J., (2005a). Analysis of summer epidemic progress of apple scab at different apple production systems in the Netherlands and Hungary. Phytopatholog.y Vol. 95: 1001-1020.
Holb, I. J. (2009). Fungal disease management in organic apple orchards: epidemiological aspects and management approaches. Pages 163-177 in: Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology in the 21st Century, Vol. 1. Gisi. U., Chet, I., Gullino, M.L. (eds). Springer, New York.
Jamar, L. and Lateur, M. (2005). Recherche de méthodes alternatives de lutte contre la tavelure du pommier dans le cadre de la production biologique: trois années d’expérimentation au CRA-W. Le Fruit Belge Vol. 515: 70-76.
Jobin, T., and Carisse, O. (2007). Incidence of Myclobutanil and Kresoxim-Methyl-Insensitive Isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Quebec Orchards. Plant Dis. Vol. 91:1351-1358.
Jones, A. L. and Aldwinckle, H. S. (eds.) (1990). Compendium of apple and pear diseases. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, Minnesota.100 pp.
Köller, W., Wilcox, W. F. and Parker, D. M. (2005a). Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis populations to anilinopyrimidine fungicides and their contribution to scab mana¬gement in New York. Plant Dis., Vol. 89 (4): 357–365.
Köller, W., Parker, D., Turechek, W., Rosenberger, D., Wilcox, W., Caroll, J., Agnello, A. and Reissig, H. (2005b). Fungicide resistance of apple scab: status Quo and management options. New York Fruit Quarterly, Vol. 13(1): 9–17.
Kunz, S., Deising, H. and Mendgen, K. (1997). Acquisition of resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors of populations of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathol. Vol.87: 1272-1278.
MacHardy, W. E., (1996). Apple Scab, Biology, Epidemiology and Management. St Paul, Minnesota, USA: APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, 545 pp.
MacHardy, W. E. (1998). Action thresholds increase fungicide and sanitation efficiency in integrated management of apple scab. Acta Hortic. Vol. 525: 123–131.
McGrath, M. T. (2001). Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew: Experiences and challenges. Plant Dis. Vol. 85: 236–245.
Montag, J., Schreiber, L. and Schönherr, J., (2005). An in vitro study on the postinfection activities of hydrated lime and lime sulphur against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). J. Phytopathol. Vol. 153: 485-491.
Percival, G. C. (2008). Paclobutrazol soil drenches provide partial reductions in symptoms of apple scab of ornamental trees and Guignardia leaf blotch of horse chestnut. J Envir. Hort., Vol. 26:87–92.
Quello, K. L., Chapman, K. S. and Beckerman, J. L. (2010). In situ detection of benzimidazole resistance in field isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Indiana. Plant Dis. Vol. 94(6): 744-750
Rosenberger, D. A. and Cox, K. D. (2010). Apple Scab Management Options for High-Inoculum Orchards. New York Fruit Quarterly Vol. 18(1): 3-8 .
Siebels, C., and Mendgen, K. (1994). A microscopic evaluation of the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis population to sterol demethylation inhibitors. Mycol. Res. Vol. 98: 619-624.
Stammler, G., Brix, H. D., Nave, B., Gold, R. and Schoefl, U. (2007). Biological Performance of boscalid and its mode of action. 15th international Reinhardsbrum Symposium, Friedrichroda , Germany. pp. 45-51.
Sutton, D. K., MacHardy, W. E., and Lord, W.G., (2000). Effects of shredding or treating apple leaf litter with urea on ascospore dose of Venturia inaequalis and disease buildup. Plant Dis. Vol. 84: 1319-1326.
Thiesz, R., Balog, A., Ferenc, L. and Albert, J. (2007). The effects of plant extracts on apple scab ( Venturia inaequulis (Cooke) under laboratory conditions. Sapientia University, Faculty of Technical and Human Science, 1/C , balogadalbert2002@yahoo.co.uk mail:-Sighisoarei st. Tg.Mures, Romania, Vol. 12(4): 3295-330
Townsend, G. R. and Heuberger, I. W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by disease in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Reporter, Vol. 27(17): 340-343.
Trapman, M. C. and Polfliet, M. (1997): Management of primary infections of apple scab with the simulation program RIMpro: review of four years field trials. IOBC Bulletin Vol. 20: 241- 250.
Xu, X. M., Harvey, N., Roberts, A. L. and Barbara, D. J. (2013). Population variation of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) within mixed orchards in the UK. European Plant Pathol. Vol.
Ypema, H. L. and Gold, R. E. (1999). Kresoxim-methyl: modification of a naturally occurring compound to produce a new fungicide. Plant Dis. Vol. 83:4-19. 44.
Published
2020-07-12
How to Cite
HASSAN , W. A., & AL-MZORY, A. S. A. (2020). FOLIAR APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES AND SYNERGISTS OF POPULIN EXTRACT FOR CONTROL APPLE SCAB VENTURIA INAEQUALIS . Journal of Duhok University, 22(s2), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.26682/cajuod.2020.22.2.20
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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