IMPACT OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKENS
Keywords:
Thyme, Adiantum, Rosemary, Performance, Physiology, meat color, broiler.
Abstract
A study aimed to evaluate the influence of using three medicinal plants on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred eighty-eight chicks (Ross 308) randomly distributed into eight groups with three replicates in each treatment. First group was fed the basal diet, without any plant supplement, as control group, while the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed the same diet with thyme (5 and 10 g/kg, respectively), the 4th and 5th groups were fed diets with Adiantum (3 and 5 g/kg, respectively) and the 6th and 7th groups were fed diets supplemented with rosemary at 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively, the combination of plants (7.5 g/kg of thyme and 7.5 g/kg of rosemary and 4 g/kg of adiantum) added to the basal diet of group 8th. The active compounds of the three plants were analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Live body weight was measured at weekly intervals. At the end of the experiment, the following traits were measured: carcass traits, internal organ, lymphoid organs and meat color. The obtained results summarized as follows: Fourteen, Fifteen and Twenty-one compounds were identified in the Thyme, Adiantum and Rosemary samples, respectively, and the major compounds were carvacrol (60.77%), gamma-terpinene (41.23%) and α-Pinene (51.87%), respectively. Overall, there is a significant effect of medicinal plants on live body weight in both genders, in which the male chicks in the 4th group and female chicks in 7th group had significantly higher live body weight. Regarding male chickens, T2, T3 and T8 groups have significantly higher carcass yield, also each of dressing percentage, breast, legs and wings were higher in T3 group. Furthermore, neck and back weight was higher in T3 group in both genders.
It can be concluded that the supplementation of medicinal plants to broiler´s diet had a beneficial effect on most of broiler performance, particularly in male chickens that fed T3 group (Thyme 5g/kg).
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References
Abd-El-Latif ASA, Saleh NS, Allam TS, Ghazy EW (2013) The effects of rosemary (Rosemarinus afficinalis) and garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils on performance, hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters of broiler chickens. Br J Poult Sci 2(2): 16-24
Abdulkarimi R (2011) Immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris) in drinking water. Annals ofBiological Research 2: 208-212
Al – Kassie GAM (2008) the Effect of Anise and Rosemary on Broiler Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (3): 243-245
Ali AHH (2014) Productive performance and immune response of broiler chicks as affected by dietary thyme leaves powder. Egypt. Poult. Sci Vol 34(I): 71-84
Al-Kassie GAM (2009) Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Vet. J 29(4): 169-173
Al-Kassie GAM, Abd-Al-Jaleel RA, Mohseen AM (2011) the effect of a mixture of anise and rosemary on broiler performance. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am 2(9): 1279-1282
Al-Khdri AMA (2013) Effect of ginger (zingiber officinale) and thyme (thymus vulgaris) dietary supplementation on productive and immunological performance of broiler. Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry School of Animal Production Kurdistan Regional Government–Iraq master thesis
Al-Mashhadani HE (2014) Effect of supplementing different levels of ginger, thyme and their mixture on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and bacterial count. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci 4(12): 689-694
Ambusta SP (Ed.) (1986) The Useful Plants of India. Publications and Information
An BK, Kim JY, Oh ST, Kang CW, Cho S, Kim SK (2015) Effects of Onion Extracts on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Profiles of White Mini Broilers. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci 28: 247-251
Ayoola MA, Adedeji OA, Oladepo AD (2014)Effects of Dietary Thyme Leaf on Broiler Growth Performances, Carcass Characteristics and Cooking Yield of the Meat. Glob. J. Sci. Res 2(2): 47-50
Basmacioglu H, Tokusoglu O, Ergul M (2004) The effect of oregano and rosemary essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance and lipid oxidation of meat enriched with n-3 PUFA's in broilers. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci 34: 197-210
Belenli D, Duygu Udum, Şule Cengiz S,Ümit Polat (2015)Influence of Various Volatile Oils as a Dietary Supplement on Biochemical and Performance Parameters in Broilers.J. Biol. Environ. SCI 9(25): 47-55
Brugalli I (2003) Alimentacao alternativa: a utilizacao de fitoterapicos ou nutraceuticos como moduladores da imunidade e desempenho animal. Anais Do Simposio Sobre Manejo E Nutricao De Aves E Suínos; Campinas, Sao Paulo. Brasil. Campinas: CBNA, Pp: 167-182.
Cabuk M, Alcicek A, Bozkurt M, lmre N (2003) Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. II. National Animal Nutrtion Congress, 18-20. September, pp: 184-187
Cabuk M, Bozkurt M, Alcicek A, Akbas Y, Kucukyilmaz K (2006) Effect of a herbal essential oil mixture on growth and internal organ weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci 36: 135-141
Cetin E, Yibar A, Yesilbag D, Cetin I, Cengiz SS (2016) The effect of volatile oil mixtures on the performance and ilio-caecal microflora of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science • July DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1214682
Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C (1996) Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. J. AOCS 73: 645-652
Dahiya JP, Wilkie DC, Van Kessel AG, Drew MD ( 2006) Potential strategies for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in post-antibiotic era. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 129: 60-68.
Dalkiliç B, Güler T (2009) The Effects of clove extract supplementation on performance and digestibility of Nutrients in broilers. F.Ü. Sağ. Bil. Vet. Derg 23: 161-166.
Demir E, Sarica S, Ozcan MA, Suicmez M (2008) The use of natural feed additives as alternative to an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. Arch. fur Geflugelkunde 69(3): 110-116.
Directorate, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi
Dorman HJD, Deans SG, (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: antimicrobial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308-316.
Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple f. test. Biometric. 11:42
El-Ghousein SS,Al-Beitawi NA (2009) The effect of feeding of crushed thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L) on Growth, blood constituents, gastrointestinal Tract and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. J.Poult. Sci. 46: 100-104
Gollnisch K, Halle I (2001) Effects of essential oils and herb in animal nutrition. Proc. 8th Symp.in Vitamins and Additives in Nutrition of Man and Animal. pp. , Jena, Thüringen, Sept 32(Abstr.), 26-27.
Gülçin I, Küfrevioğlu K, Oktay M, Büyükokuroğlu ME (2004).J. Ethnopharacology90: 205-215
Hashemipour H, Kermanshahi H, Golian A, Veldkamp T (2016) Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activities, and immune response in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92: 2059-2069
Husson GP, Vilagines R, Delavean P (1986) research into antiviral properties of a new natural extract. Ann Pharin. Fr 44: 41
Jang A, Ham JA, Kim DW, Chae HS, Kim DW, Kim SH, Seol KH, Oh MW, Kim DH (2011) Effect of quercetin and methoxylated quercetin on chicken thigh meat quality during cold storage. Korean J. Poult. Sci 38:265-273
Lee KW, Everts H, Beynen AC (2004b) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. International journal of poultry science 3: 738-752.
Lee KW, Everts H, Kappert HJ, Frehner M, Losa R, Beynen AC (2003) Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 44: 450-457
Mansoub NH, Myandoab MP (2011) The effect of different levels of thyme on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broilers. Annals of Biological Research 2(4): 379- 385
Masada Y. (1976) Analysis of oils by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Johan Wiley and Sons.
Mikaili P, Mohammad Nezhady MA, Shayegh J, Asghari MH (2010) International Journal of Academic Research Vol. 2. No. 6.November, Part II.
Mona Osman, H. M. Yakout, H. F. Motawe2 and W. F. Ezz El-Arab (2010) productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (30) (I): (25-53).
Motlagh AM, Babapour V, Pirsaraei ZA, Sheikhi N (2015) Effect of thyme (Zataria Multiflora) extract and probiotic (broilact) feeding on blood thyroid hormones concentration and growth hormone gene expression of liver in broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/01/jls.htm Vol.5 (S1), pp. 1979-1985/Ali et al
Mellor S (2000a) Antibiotics are not the only growth promoters. World Poult 16(1): 14-15
Mellor S (2000b) Nutraceuticals-alternatives to antibiotics. World Poult 16(2): 30-33
NRC (1994) National research council. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, USA
Offord EA, Guillot F, Aeschbach R, Lo¨ liger J, Pfeifer AMA (1997) Antioxidant and biological properties of rosemary components: Implications for food and health. Pages 88-96 in: Natural Antioxidants. Chemistry, Health Effects and Applications.F. Shahidi, ed. AOCS Press
Pourmahmoud B, Aghazadeh AM, Sis NM (2016) the effect of thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheat-based diet. Italian Journal of Animal ScienceVolume 12: e53
Richheimer SL, Bernart MW, King GA, Kent MC, Bailey DT (1996) Antioxidant activity of lipid-soluble phenolic diterpenes from rosemary. J. AOCS 73: 507-514
Sadeghi GH, Karimi A, Jahromi SP, Aziz T, Daneshmand A (2011) Effect of cinnamon, thyme and turmeric infusions on the performance and immune response in of 1 to 21 day-old male broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. .14(1): 15-20.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-35X2012000100003&script=sci arttext
Saleh N, Allam T, Abd El-latif A, Ghazy E (2014) The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Different Levels of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oils on Performance, Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Global Veterinaria 12(6): 736-744
SAS Institute (2004) SAS System for Windows. Version 9.1.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Soltan MA, Shewita RS, El-Katcha MI (2008) Effect of dietary anise seeds supplementation on growth performance, immune response, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci 7: 1078-1088.
Soltani M, Tabeidian SA, Ghalamkari G, Adeljoo AH, Mohammadrezaei M, Fosoul SSA (2016) Effect of dietary extract and dried areal parts of Rosmarinus officinalis on performance, immune responses and total serum antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Asian Pac J Trop Dis6(3): 218-222
Souri H., Khatibjoo A., Taherpoor K., HassanAbadi A., Fattahnia F., Askari M. (2015) Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Satureja khuzestanica Ethanolic Extracts on Broiler Chickens‟ Performance and Immune Response. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5(2): 437-446
Tucker LA (2002b) Plant extracts to maintain poultry performance. Feed Int 23(9): 26-29.
Zeweil H, Ahmed M, Eid Y, Dosoky WM, Abd El-Salam D (2015) effect of vitamin e and phytogenic feed additives on performance, blood constituents and antioxidative properties of broiler chicks. ISSN: 1110-5623 (Print)-2090-0570 (On line)
Abdulkarimi R (2011) Immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with thyme extract (Thymus vulgaris) in drinking water. Annals ofBiological Research 2: 208-212
Al – Kassie GAM (2008) the Effect of Anise and Rosemary on Broiler Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (3): 243-245
Ali AHH (2014) Productive performance and immune response of broiler chicks as affected by dietary thyme leaves powder. Egypt. Poult. Sci Vol 34(I): 71-84
Al-Kassie GAM (2009) Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Vet. J 29(4): 169-173
Al-Kassie GAM, Abd-Al-Jaleel RA, Mohseen AM (2011) the effect of a mixture of anise and rosemary on broiler performance. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am 2(9): 1279-1282
Al-Khdri AMA (2013) Effect of ginger (zingiber officinale) and thyme (thymus vulgaris) dietary supplementation on productive and immunological performance of broiler. Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry School of Animal Production Kurdistan Regional Government–Iraq master thesis
Al-Mashhadani HE (2014) Effect of supplementing different levels of ginger, thyme and their mixture on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and bacterial count. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci 4(12): 689-694
Ambusta SP (Ed.) (1986) The Useful Plants of India. Publications and Information
An BK, Kim JY, Oh ST, Kang CW, Cho S, Kim SK (2015) Effects of Onion Extracts on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Profiles of White Mini Broilers. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci 28: 247-251
Ayoola MA, Adedeji OA, Oladepo AD (2014)Effects of Dietary Thyme Leaf on Broiler Growth Performances, Carcass Characteristics and Cooking Yield of the Meat. Glob. J. Sci. Res 2(2): 47-50
Basmacioglu H, Tokusoglu O, Ergul M (2004) The effect of oregano and rosemary essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance and lipid oxidation of meat enriched with n-3 PUFA's in broilers. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci 34: 197-210
Belenli D, Duygu Udum, Şule Cengiz S,Ümit Polat (2015)Influence of Various Volatile Oils as a Dietary Supplement on Biochemical and Performance Parameters in Broilers.J. Biol. Environ. SCI 9(25): 47-55
Brugalli I (2003) Alimentacao alternativa: a utilizacao de fitoterapicos ou nutraceuticos como moduladores da imunidade e desempenho animal. Anais Do Simposio Sobre Manejo E Nutricao De Aves E Suínos; Campinas, Sao Paulo. Brasil. Campinas: CBNA, Pp: 167-182.
Cabuk M, Alcicek A, Bozkurt M, lmre N (2003) Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. II. National Animal Nutrtion Congress, 18-20. September, pp: 184-187
Cabuk M, Bozkurt M, Alcicek A, Akbas Y, Kucukyilmaz K (2006) Effect of a herbal essential oil mixture on growth and internal organ weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci 36: 135-141
Cetin E, Yibar A, Yesilbag D, Cetin I, Cengiz SS (2016) The effect of volatile oil mixtures on the performance and ilio-caecal microflora of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science • July DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1214682
Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C (1996) Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. J. AOCS 73: 645-652
Dahiya JP, Wilkie DC, Van Kessel AG, Drew MD ( 2006) Potential strategies for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in post-antibiotic era. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 129: 60-68.
Dalkiliç B, Güler T (2009) The Effects of clove extract supplementation on performance and digestibility of Nutrients in broilers. F.Ü. Sağ. Bil. Vet. Derg 23: 161-166.
Demir E, Sarica S, Ozcan MA, Suicmez M (2008) The use of natural feed additives as alternative to an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. Arch. fur Geflugelkunde 69(3): 110-116.
Directorate, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi
Dorman HJD, Deans SG, (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: antimicrobial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308-316.
Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple f. test. Biometric. 11:42
El-Ghousein SS,Al-Beitawi NA (2009) The effect of feeding of crushed thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L) on Growth, blood constituents, gastrointestinal Tract and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. J.Poult. Sci. 46: 100-104
Gollnisch K, Halle I (2001) Effects of essential oils and herb in animal nutrition. Proc. 8th Symp.in Vitamins and Additives in Nutrition of Man and Animal. pp. , Jena, Thüringen, Sept 32(Abstr.), 26-27.
Gülçin I, Küfrevioğlu K, Oktay M, Büyükokuroğlu ME (2004).J. Ethnopharacology90: 205-215
Hashemipour H, Kermanshahi H, Golian A, Veldkamp T (2016) Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activities, and immune response in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92: 2059-2069
Husson GP, Vilagines R, Delavean P (1986) research into antiviral properties of a new natural extract. Ann Pharin. Fr 44: 41
Jang A, Ham JA, Kim DW, Chae HS, Kim DW, Kim SH, Seol KH, Oh MW, Kim DH (2011) Effect of quercetin and methoxylated quercetin on chicken thigh meat quality during cold storage. Korean J. Poult. Sci 38:265-273
Lee KW, Everts H, Beynen AC (2004b) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. International journal of poultry science 3: 738-752.
Lee KW, Everts H, Kappert HJ, Frehner M, Losa R, Beynen AC (2003) Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 44: 450-457
Mansoub NH, Myandoab MP (2011) The effect of different levels of thyme on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broilers. Annals of Biological Research 2(4): 379- 385
Masada Y. (1976) Analysis of oils by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Johan Wiley and Sons.
Mikaili P, Mohammad Nezhady MA, Shayegh J, Asghari MH (2010) International Journal of Academic Research Vol. 2. No. 6.November, Part II.
Mona Osman, H. M. Yakout, H. F. Motawe2 and W. F. Ezz El-Arab (2010) productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (30) (I): (25-53).
Motlagh AM, Babapour V, Pirsaraei ZA, Sheikhi N (2015) Effect of thyme (Zataria Multiflora) extract and probiotic (broilact) feeding on blood thyroid hormones concentration and growth hormone gene expression of liver in broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231-6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/01/jls.htm Vol.5 (S1), pp. 1979-1985/Ali et al
Mellor S (2000a) Antibiotics are not the only growth promoters. World Poult 16(1): 14-15
Mellor S (2000b) Nutraceuticals-alternatives to antibiotics. World Poult 16(2): 30-33
NRC (1994) National research council. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, USA
Offord EA, Guillot F, Aeschbach R, Lo¨ liger J, Pfeifer AMA (1997) Antioxidant and biological properties of rosemary components: Implications for food and health. Pages 88-96 in: Natural Antioxidants. Chemistry, Health Effects and Applications.F. Shahidi, ed. AOCS Press
Pourmahmoud B, Aghazadeh AM, Sis NM (2016) the effect of thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheat-based diet. Italian Journal of Animal ScienceVolume 12: e53
Richheimer SL, Bernart MW, King GA, Kent MC, Bailey DT (1996) Antioxidant activity of lipid-soluble phenolic diterpenes from rosemary. J. AOCS 73: 507-514
Sadeghi GH, Karimi A, Jahromi SP, Aziz T, Daneshmand A (2011) Effect of cinnamon, thyme and turmeric infusions on the performance and immune response in of 1 to 21 day-old male broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. .14(1): 15-20.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-35X2012000100003&script=sci arttext
Saleh N, Allam T, Abd El-latif A, Ghazy E (2014) The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Different Levels of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oils on Performance, Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Global Veterinaria 12(6): 736-744
SAS Institute (2004) SAS System for Windows. Version 9.1.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Soltan MA, Shewita RS, El-Katcha MI (2008) Effect of dietary anise seeds supplementation on growth performance, immune response, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci 7: 1078-1088.
Soltani M, Tabeidian SA, Ghalamkari G, Adeljoo AH, Mohammadrezaei M, Fosoul SSA (2016) Effect of dietary extract and dried areal parts of Rosmarinus officinalis on performance, immune responses and total serum antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Asian Pac J Trop Dis6(3): 218-222
Souri H., Khatibjoo A., Taherpoor K., HassanAbadi A., Fattahnia F., Askari M. (2015) Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Satureja khuzestanica Ethanolic Extracts on Broiler Chickens‟ Performance and Immune Response. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5(2): 437-446
Tucker LA (2002b) Plant extracts to maintain poultry performance. Feed Int 23(9): 26-29.
Zeweil H, Ahmed M, Eid Y, Dosoky WM, Abd El-Salam D (2015) effect of vitamin e and phytogenic feed additives on performance, blood constituents and antioxidative properties of broiler chicks. ISSN: 1110-5623 (Print)-2090-0570 (On line)
Published
2020-07-12
How to Cite
ARTOSHI, N. H., TAYBE, I. T., & SÖĞÜT, B. (2020). IMPACT OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKENS. Journal of Duhok University, 22(s2), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.26682/cajuod.2020.22.2.22
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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