DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THEILERIA OVIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS WITH CLINICAL THE ILERIOSIS IN KURDISTAN, IRAQ
Keywords:
Theileria ovis, Theileriosis, Zoonosis, Molecular parasitology
Abstract
This study was carried out to detect Theileria infection in sheep and goats in Kurdistan region,
Iraq from June 2019 to April 2020. Molecular method was used to identify Theileria species. Sixty-
seven blood samples were taken from 45 sheep and 22 goats based on clinical signs of theileriosis
during tick activating season. The 67 samples were PCR edm and as a result, 20 species-specific PCR
were positives (26.67% (12/20) were Theileria ovis in sheep and 36.36% (8/20) were from goats). The
results of the gene analysis in the current study were registered in NCBI under four accession
numbers (MN889986, MN889987, MN889988 and MN889989), which shows that sheep and goats can
be infected with Theileria ovis. This is the first report of Theileria species in goats with clinical
theileriosis in Kurdistan, so the gene flow and disease transmission between sheep and goats is most
expected. PCR is a useful diagnostic tool to detect ovine theileriosis with a single test and suggested
that T. ovis is the dominant piroplasmid agent in Erbil. In addition, it revealed that sheep is very
susceptible to theileriosis than goats
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References
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, J., Yin, H., Schnittger, L., & Jongejan, F. (2002).
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PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in
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Al-Fetly, D. R. H. J. K. J. f. V. M. S. (2012).
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biochemical changes in sheep in Al-Diwaniya
province." 3(2): 45-53.
Al-Obaidi, Q., S. H Arslan, E. G Sulaiman and E. J. I.
J. o. V. S. Daham (2010). "Clinical,
haematological and biochemical studies of
babesiosis in native goats in Mosul." 24(1):
31-35.
Altay, K., Aktas, M., & Dumanli, N. J. B. (2004).
Theileria infections in small ruminants in the
east and southeast Anatolia. 2005.
Altay, K., Dumanli, N., Holman, P. J., & Aktas, M. J.
V. p. (2005). Detection of Theileria ovis in
naturally infected sheep by nested PCR.
127(2), 99-104.
Ameen, K., Abdullah, B., & Abdul-Razaq, R. J. I. J.
V. S. (2012). Seroprevalence of Babesia
bigemina and Anaplasma marginale in
domestic animals in Erbil, Iraq. 26, 109-114.
Bishop, R., Musoke, A., Morzaria, S., Gardner, M., &
Nene, V. J. P. (2004). Theileria: intracellular
protozoan parasites of wild and domestic
ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks.
129(S1), S271-S283.
Chae, J.S., Allsopp, B. A., Waghela, S. D., Park, J.
H., Kakuda, T., Sugimoto, C., Holman, P. J. J.
P. (1999). A study of the systematics of
Theileria spp. based upon small-subunit
ribosomal RNA gene sequences. 85(11), 877-
883.
Charaya, G., N. Rakha, S. Maan, A. Kumar, T.
Kumar and R. J. V. w. Jhambh (2016).
"Comparative evaluation of polymerase chain
reaction assay with microscopy for detection
of asymptomatic carrier state of theileriosis in
a herd of crossbred cattle." 9(9): 1039.
Durrani, A., M. Younus, N. Kamal, N. Mehmood and
A. J. P. J. o. z. Shakoori (2011). "Prevalence
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Pakistan." 43(1).
Durrani, S., Z. Khan, R. M. Khattak, M. Andleeb, M.
Ali, H. Hameed, A. Taqddas, M. Faryal, S.
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"A comparison of the presence of Theileria
ovis by PCR amplification of their SSU rRNA
gene in small ruminants from two provinces of
Pakistan." 2(1): 43-47.
Gebrekidan, H., A. Hailu, A. Kassahun, I.
Rohoušová, C. Maia, D. Talmi-Frank, A.
Warburg and G. J. V. P. Baneth (2014).
"Theileria infection in domestic ruminants in
northern Ethiopia." 200(1-2): 31-38.
Gou, H., Guan, G., Ma, M., Liu, A., Liu, Z., Xu, Z.,
Chen, Z. J. (2013). Phylogenetic analysis of
ruminant Theileria spp. from China based on
28S ribosomal RNA gene. 51(5), 511.
Gubbels, M. J., D'Oliveira, C., & Jongejan, F. J. C. D.
L. I. (2000). Development of an indirect
Tams1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
for diagnosis of Theileria annulata infection in
cattle. 7(3), 404-411.
Gubbels, M. J., Yin, H., Bai, Q., Liu, G., Nijman, I.
J., & Jongejan, F. J. P. (2002). The
phylogenetic position of the Theileria buffeli
group in relation to other Theileria species.
88(1), S28-S32.
Hakimi, H., Sarani, A., Takeda, M., Kaneko, O., &
Asada, M. J. P. (2019). Epidemiology, risk
factors, and co-infection of vector-borne
pathogens in goats from Sistan and
Baluchestan province, Iran. 14(6).
Hassan, M. A., A. Raoofi, S. Lotfollahzadeh and J. J.
J. o. P. D. Javanbakht (2015). "Clinical and
cytological characteristics and prognostic
implications on sheep and goat Theileria
infection in north of Iran." 39(2): 190-193.
Hassan, Z. I., Meerkhan, A. A., Boufana, B., Hama,
A. A., Ahmed, B. D., Mero, W. M. S., Casulli,
A. J. (2017). Two haplotype clusters of
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in
northern Iraq (Kurdistan region) support the
hypothesis of a parasite cradle in the Middle
East. 172, 201-207.
Inci, A., Ica, A., Yildirim, A., Düzlü, Ö. J. T. J.,
Sciences, A. (2010). Identification of Babesia
and Theileria species in small ruminants in
Central Anatolia (Turkey) via reverse line
blotting. 34(2), 205-210.
Iqbal, F., Khattak, R., Ozubek, S., Khattak, M.,
Rasul, A., Aktas, M. J. I. J. (2013).
Application of the reverse line blot assay for
the molecular detection of Theileria and
Babesia spp. in /sheep and goat blood samples
from Pakistan. 8(2), 289. Karatepe, B., S. Ozubek, M. Karatepe and M. J. R. D.
M. V. Aktas (2019). "Detection of Theileria
and Babesia species in sheep and goats by
microscopy and molecular methods in Nigde
province, Turkey." 170(7-9): 136-143.
Maharana, B. R., A. K. Tewari, B. C. Saravanan and
N. R. J. V. w. Sudhakar (2016). "Important
hemoprotozoan diseases of livestock:
Challenges in current diagnostics and
therapeutics: An update." 9(5): 487.
Mahmoud, M. H. S., A. M. B. Al-Dhalimy and A. H.
Al-Dujaily "STUDY OF HEMATOLOGICAL
AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN
SHEEP AND GOATS INFECTED WITH
THEILERIOSIS AT AL-NAJAF PROVINCE,
IRAQ."
Mans, B. J., Pienaar, R., Latif, A. A. J. I. (2015). A
review of Theileria diagnostics and
epidemiology. 4(1), 104-118.
Matjila, P. T., Leisewitz, A., Oosthuizen, M.,
Jongejan, F., & Penzhorn, B. J. V. (2008).
Detection of a Theileria species in dogs in
South Africa. 157(1-2), 34-40.
Naz, S., A. Maqbool, S. Ahmed, K. Ashraf, N.
Ahmed, K. Saeed, M. Latif, J. Iqbal, Z. Ali
and K. J. J. V. A. S. Shafi (2012). "Prevalence
of theileriosis in small ruminants in Lahore-
Pakistan." 2: 16-20.
Rahmani-Varmale, M., M. Tavassoli and B. J. J. o.
A.-B. D. Esmaeilnejad (2019). "Molecular
Detection and Differentiation of Theileria
lestoquardi, T. ovis and T. annulata in Blood
of Goats and Ticks in Kermanshah Province,
Iran." 13(3): 297.
Renneker, S., Abdo, J., Bakheit, M., Kullmann, B.,
Beyer, D., Ahmed, J., Seitzer, U., (2013).
Coinfection of sheep with Anaplasma,
Theileria and Babesia species in the Kurdistan
Region, Iraq. 60, 113-118.
Ringo, A. E., Moumouni, P. F. A., Taioe, M.,
Jirapattharasate, C., Liu, M., Wang, G., Zheng,
W. J. P. (2018). Molecular analysis of tick-
borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in
small ruminants from two South African
provinces. 67(2), 144-149.
Sharifi, N., M. Ganjali, R. Nabavi and D. J. J. o. p. d.
Saadati (2016). "A study on prevalence and
identification of ovine Theileria and Babesia
infection in Zabol using PCR method." 40(4):
1535-1539.
Yang, Y., Y. Mao, P. Kelly, Z. Yang, L. Luan, J.
Zhang, J. Li, H. S. El-Mahallawy, C. J. P.
Wang and vectors (2014). "A pan-Theileria
FRET-qPCR survey for Theileria spp. in
ruminants from nine provinces of China."
7(1): 413.
protozoal tick-borne diseases of lives tock in
parts of the world other than Britain. Bulletin.
, J., Yin, H., Schnittger, L., & Jongejan, F. (2002).
Ticks and tick-borne diseases in Asia with
special emphasis on China. Parasitology
Research, 88(1), S51-S55.
Aktas, M., Altay, K., & Dumanli, N. J. V. p. (2006).
PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in
Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks. 140(3-4),
259-263.
Al-Fetly, D. R. H. J. K. J. f. V. M. S. (2012).
"Detection of Theileria spp. in blood samples and estimation of haematological and
biochemical changes in sheep in Al-Diwaniya
province." 3(2): 45-53.
Al-Obaidi, Q., S. H Arslan, E. G Sulaiman and E. J. I.
J. o. V. S. Daham (2010). "Clinical,
haematological and biochemical studies of
babesiosis in native goats in Mosul." 24(1):
31-35.
Altay, K., Aktas, M., & Dumanli, N. J. B. (2004).
Theileria infections in small ruminants in the
east and southeast Anatolia. 2005.
Altay, K., Dumanli, N., Holman, P. J., & Aktas, M. J.
V. p. (2005). Detection of Theileria ovis in
naturally infected sheep by nested PCR.
127(2), 99-104.
Ameen, K., Abdullah, B., & Abdul-Razaq, R. J. I. J.
V. S. (2012). Seroprevalence of Babesia
bigemina and Anaplasma marginale in
domestic animals in Erbil, Iraq. 26, 109-114.
Bishop, R., Musoke, A., Morzaria, S., Gardner, M., &
Nene, V. J. P. (2004). Theileria: intracellular
protozoan parasites of wild and domestic
ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks.
129(S1), S271-S283.
Chae, J.S., Allsopp, B. A., Waghela, S. D., Park, J.
H., Kakuda, T., Sugimoto, C., Holman, P. J. J.
P. (1999). A study of the systematics of
Theileria spp. based upon small-subunit
ribosomal RNA gene sequences. 85(11), 877-
883.
Charaya, G., N. Rakha, S. Maan, A. Kumar, T.
Kumar and R. J. V. w. Jhambh (2016).
"Comparative evaluation of polymerase chain
reaction assay with microscopy for detection
of asymptomatic carrier state of theileriosis in
a herd of crossbred cattle." 9(9): 1039.
Durrani, A., M. Younus, N. Kamal, N. Mehmood and
A. J. P. J. o. z. Shakoori (2011). "Prevalence
of ovine Theileria species in district Lahore,
Pakistan." 43(1).
Durrani, A., M. Younus, N. Kamal, N. Mehmood and
A. J. P. J. o. z. Shakoori (2011). "Prevalence
of ovine Theileria species in district Lahore,
Pakistan." 43(1).
Durrani, S., Z. Khan, R. M. Khattak, M. Andleeb, M.
Ali, H. Hameed, A. Taqddas, M. Faryal, S.
Kiran and H. J. A. P. J. o. T. D. Anwar (2012).
"A comparison of the presence of Theileria
ovis by PCR amplification of their SSU rRNA
gene in small ruminants from two provinces of
Pakistan." 2(1): 43-47.
Gebrekidan, H., A. Hailu, A. Kassahun, I.
Rohoušová, C. Maia, D. Talmi-Frank, A.
Warburg and G. J. V. P. Baneth (2014).
"Theileria infection in domestic ruminants in
northern Ethiopia." 200(1-2): 31-38.
Gou, H., Guan, G., Ma, M., Liu, A., Liu, Z., Xu, Z.,
Chen, Z. J. (2013). Phylogenetic analysis of
ruminant Theileria spp. from China based on
28S ribosomal RNA gene. 51(5), 511.
Gubbels, M. J., D'Oliveira, C., & Jongejan, F. J. C. D.
L. I. (2000). Development of an indirect
Tams1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
for diagnosis of Theileria annulata infection in
cattle. 7(3), 404-411.
Gubbels, M. J., Yin, H., Bai, Q., Liu, G., Nijman, I.
J., & Jongejan, F. J. P. (2002). The
phylogenetic position of the Theileria buffeli
group in relation to other Theileria species.
88(1), S28-S32.
Hakimi, H., Sarani, A., Takeda, M., Kaneko, O., &
Asada, M. J. P. (2019). Epidemiology, risk
factors, and co-infection of vector-borne
pathogens in goats from Sistan and
Baluchestan province, Iran. 14(6).
Hassan, M. A., A. Raoofi, S. Lotfollahzadeh and J. J.
J. o. P. D. Javanbakht (2015). "Clinical and
cytological characteristics and prognostic
implications on sheep and goat Theileria
infection in north of Iran." 39(2): 190-193.
Hassan, Z. I., Meerkhan, A. A., Boufana, B., Hama,
A. A., Ahmed, B. D., Mero, W. M. S., Casulli,
A. J. (2017). Two haplotype clusters of
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in
northern Iraq (Kurdistan region) support the
hypothesis of a parasite cradle in the Middle
East. 172, 201-207.
Inci, A., Ica, A., Yildirim, A., Düzlü, Ö. J. T. J.,
Sciences, A. (2010). Identification of Babesia
and Theileria species in small ruminants in
Central Anatolia (Turkey) via reverse line
blotting. 34(2), 205-210.
Iqbal, F., Khattak, R., Ozubek, S., Khattak, M.,
Rasul, A., Aktas, M. J. I. J. (2013).
Application of the reverse line blot assay for
the molecular detection of Theileria and
Babesia spp. in /sheep and goat blood samples
from Pakistan. 8(2), 289. Karatepe, B., S. Ozubek, M. Karatepe and M. J. R. D.
M. V. Aktas (2019). "Detection of Theileria
and Babesia species in sheep and goats by
microscopy and molecular methods in Nigde
province, Turkey." 170(7-9): 136-143.
Maharana, B. R., A. K. Tewari, B. C. Saravanan and
N. R. J. V. w. Sudhakar (2016). "Important
hemoprotozoan diseases of livestock:
Challenges in current diagnostics and
therapeutics: An update." 9(5): 487.
Mahmoud, M. H. S., A. M. B. Al-Dhalimy and A. H.
Al-Dujaily "STUDY OF HEMATOLOGICAL
AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN
SHEEP AND GOATS INFECTED WITH
THEILERIOSIS AT AL-NAJAF PROVINCE,
IRAQ."
Mans, B. J., Pienaar, R., Latif, A. A. J. I. (2015). A
review of Theileria diagnostics and
epidemiology. 4(1), 104-118.
Matjila, P. T., Leisewitz, A., Oosthuizen, M.,
Jongejan, F., & Penzhorn, B. J. V. (2008).
Detection of a Theileria species in dogs in
South Africa. 157(1-2), 34-40.
Naz, S., A. Maqbool, S. Ahmed, K. Ashraf, N.
Ahmed, K. Saeed, M. Latif, J. Iqbal, Z. Ali
and K. J. J. V. A. S. Shafi (2012). "Prevalence
of theileriosis in small ruminants in Lahore-
Pakistan." 2: 16-20.
Rahmani-Varmale, M., M. Tavassoli and B. J. J. o.
A.-B. D. Esmaeilnejad (2019). "Molecular
Detection and Differentiation of Theileria
lestoquardi, T. ovis and T. annulata in Blood
of Goats and Ticks in Kermanshah Province,
Iran." 13(3): 297.
Renneker, S., Abdo, J., Bakheit, M., Kullmann, B.,
Beyer, D., Ahmed, J., Seitzer, U., (2013).
Coinfection of sheep with Anaplasma,
Theileria and Babesia species in the Kurdistan
Region, Iraq. 60, 113-118.
Ringo, A. E., Moumouni, P. F. A., Taioe, M.,
Jirapattharasate, C., Liu, M., Wang, G., Zheng,
W. J. P. (2018). Molecular analysis of tick-
borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in
small ruminants from two South African
provinces. 67(2), 144-149.
Sharifi, N., M. Ganjali, R. Nabavi and D. J. J. o. p. d.
Saadati (2016). "A study on prevalence and
identification of ovine Theileria and Babesia
infection in Zabol using PCR method." 40(4):
1535-1539.
Yang, Y., Y. Mao, P. Kelly, Z. Yang, L. Luan, J.
Zhang, J. Li, H. S. El-Mahallawy, C. J. P.
Wang and vectors (2014). "A pan-Theileria
FRET-qPCR survey for Theileria spp. in
ruminants from nine provinces of China."
7(1): 413.
Published
2020-12-10
How to Cite
HASSEN, Z. I., & MEERKHAN, A. A. (2020). DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THEILERIA OVIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS WITH CLINICAL THE ILERIOSIS IN KURDISTAN, IRAQ. Journal of Duhok University, 23(2), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2020.23.2.8
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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