SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SPECIFIC TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIBODY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
Keywords:
Anti-Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin G (Igg), Immunoglobulin M (Igm), Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Seroprevalence, Toxoplasma Gondii
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy has an adverse effect on pregnant women, fetus and neonatal. The
infection is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe effect on the fetus and immunocompromised women.
Control study conducted on 77 pregnant women categorized according to the risk factors influencing
toxoplasmosis infection. Specific anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were evaluated using Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Among 77 pregnant women, (57.1%) women had toxoplasmosis,
seropositive for latent infection with specific Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were
(54.54 %), whereas acute infection immunoglobulin M (IgM) were only in (2.59 %) cases. The seroprevalence
of Toxoplasma was higher in older pregnant women (> 60%) than younger ones (<50%). The specific IgG
antibody was higher in pregnant women working in farms (65.7 vs 45.23; P=0.053). Also, the seropositive IgG
antibody was low in the first trimester and high in rural areas. Pregnant women need to educate more about
toxoplasmosis and prevention to exposure in order to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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References
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of toxoplasma antibody based on anonymous
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Epidemiol. Infect., 110(1), 127–133. doi:
10.1017/S0950268800050755
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Toxoplasmosis among women with habitual
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https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/117384
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Retrieved from
https://vlibrary.emro.who.int/imemr/prevalence-
of-toxoplasma-antibodies-among-saudi-eye-
patients-2/
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https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=3513
3
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gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Among
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Istanbul Eurasia. doi: 10.14744/scie.2018.66375
Alzaheb, R. A. (2018). Seroprevalence of toxoplasma
gondii and its associated risk factors among
women of reproductive age in Saudi Arabia: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. In
International Journal of Women’s Health (Vol.
10, pp. 537–544). Dove Medical Press Ltd. doi:
10.2147/IJWH.S173640
Aqeely, H., El-Gayar, E. K., Perveen Khan, D., Najmi,
A., Alvi, A., Bani, I., Mahfouz, M. S., Abdalla,
S. E., & Elhassan, I. M. (2014).
Seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii
amongst pregnant women in Jazan Province,
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10.1155/2014/913950
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toxoplasma infection in pregnancy: A case-
control study in France. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.,
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10.1080/00365549950163626
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Montecchini, S., Rossi, S., Chezzi, C., &
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toxoplasmosis
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& Adam, I. (2003). Toxoplasmosis in pregnant
Sudanese women. Saudi Med. J., 24(8), 868– 870. Retrieved from
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/12939674
Fadhil Al Kalaby, R., Sultan, B. A., & Al-Fatlawi, S. N.
(2016). Relationship between Toxoplasma
gondii and abortion in aborted women in Najaf
كىندي واإلجهاض بين النساء المجهضات في province
.J. محافظة النجف العالقة بين اإلصابة بطفيلي مقىسات
Kerbala Univ., 14(1). Retrieved from
https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=1094
71
Foroutan-Rad, M., Khademvatan, S., Majidiani, H.,
Aryamand, S., Rahim, F., & Malehi, A. S.
(2016). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in
the Iranian pregnant women: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. In Acta Tropica (Vol.
158, pp. 160–169). Elsevier B.V. doi:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.003
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B., Chen, X. G., Shen, J. L., Wang, Y., Lv, F. L.,
Hide, G., & Lun, Z. R. (2012). Toxoplasma
gondii infection in pregnant women in China. In
Parasitology (Vol. 139, Issue 2, pp. 139–147).
Cambridge University Press. doi:
10.1017/S0031182011001880
Gavinet, M. F., Robert, F., Firtion, G., Delouvrier, E.,
Hennequin, C., Maurin, J. R., Tourte-Schaefer,
C., & Dupouy-Camet, J. (1997). Congenital
toxoplasmosis due to maternal reinfection during
pregnancy. J. Clin. Microbiol., 35(5), 1276–
1277. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.5.1276-1277.1997
González-Morales, T., Bacallo-Gallestey, J., García-
Santana, C. A., & Molina-García, J. R. (1995).
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a
population of pregnant women in Cuba. Gac.
Med. Mex., 131(5–6), 499–503. Retrieved from
https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8768594
Hill, D. E., & Dubey, J. P. (2018). Toxoplasma gondii
BT - Foodborne Parasites (Y. R. Ortega & C. R.
Sterling (eds.); pp. 119–138). Springer
International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-
319-67664-7_6
Hung, C. C., Fan, C. K., Su, K. E., Sung, F. C., Chiou,
H. Y., Gil, V., Ferreira, M. da C. dos R., de
Carvalho, J. M., Cruz, C., Lin, Y. K., Tseng, L.
F., Sao, K. Y., Chang, W. C., Lan, H. S., &
Chou, S. H. (2007). Serological screening and
toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant
women in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome
and Principe. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.,
101(2), 134–139. doi:
10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.012
Iqbal, J., & Khalid, N. (2007). Detection of acute
Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy
by IgG avidity and PCR analysis. J. Med.
Microbiol., 56(11), 1495–1499. doi:
10.1099/jmm.0.47260-0
Jumaian, N. F. (2005). Seroprevalence and risk factors
for Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in
Jordan. East. Mediterr. Heal. J., 11(1–2), 45–51.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/72452
18_Seroprevalence_and_risk_factors_for_Toxop
lasma_infection_in_pregnant_women_in_Jordan
Kadir., M. A., Ghalib., A. K., Othman., N. F., &
Ahmed, I. S. (2011). Seroprevalence of
Toxoplasma Gondii among Pregnant Women in
Kirkuk / Iraq. J. Kirkuk Univ., 6(2), 1–11.
Retrieved from
https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=4310
7
Khademi, S. Z., Ghaffarifar, F., Dalimi, A., Davoodian,
P., & Abdoli, A. (2019). Prevalence and risk
factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among
pregnant women in Hormozgan province, south
of Iran. Iran. J. Parasitol., 14(1), 167–173. doi:
10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.732
Mohammed, B. A. (2018). Seroprevalence of
Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in
Tikrit city-Salahaldeen Province. Med. J. Tikrit
Univ., 24(2), 170–176. doi:
10.25130/mjotu.24.02.16
Mohammed, T. K. (2011). Seroprevalence of
toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in
baghdad city. Iraqi Found. Tech. Educ., 24(4),
21–28. Retrieved from
https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=2933
4
Montoya, J. G., & Liesenfeld, O. (2004).
Toxoplasmosis. Lancet, 363(9425), 1965–1976.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16412-X
Montoya, J. G., & Remington, J. S. (2008).
Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection
during pregnancy. In Clinical Infectious
Diseases (Vol. 47, Issue 4, pp. 554–566).
Retrieved from
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-
abstract/47/4/554/304753
Morris, A. J., & Croxson, M. C. (2004). Serological
evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among
pregnant women in Auckland. N. Z. Med. J.,
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Published
2020-12-15
How to Cite
AHMED, A. J., ZEEBAREE, B. K., & KHANAMIR, R. A. (2020). SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SPECIFIC TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIBODY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN. Journal of Duhok University, 23(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.16
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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