FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VERTISOLS IN SELIVANY PLAIN  AT DUHOK GOVERNORATE, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ

HALIZ DARWISH  ABDULRAHMAN; MOHAMMED ALI  FAYYADH; JAMAL A.H.  DOSKI

doi:10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.28

HALIZ DARWISH ABDULRAHMAN Dept.of Soil and Water sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok
MOHAMMED ALI FAYYADH Dept.of Soil and Water sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok
JAMAL A.H. DOSKI Technical College of Engineering, Duhok Polytechnic University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.28

Keywords: Soil Development, Texture, Clay, Soil horizons, Active carbonate, Total carbonate

Abstract

The study area located at the Selivany plain in Duhok governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Forty-
three soil samples were taken from horizons in all studied pedons then physically and chemically analyzed
according to standard methods. The studied soils were slightly alkaline non- saline. The values of CEC
increased with increasing clay content. The Studied soils considered Vertisols and occurs pedoturbation,
in turn, trans-locating organic matter from surface to subsurface and deep horizons, additionally, existing
plant roots contribute in increasing organic matter in these horizons, and the humification process can
occur in different soil horizons. Total carbonate content increased with increasing depth in subsurface
horizons this due to the origin of limestone parent materials. The differences in carbonate distribution
manner indicated to development. The studied soils contain a considerable amount of active carbonate
that affecting different soil properties. Relatively high clay content in studied soils and its content at the
surface horizons are lower than it at subsurface horizons. The high value of clay and silt content indicates
to soil development. The following pedogenic processes can be specified loss, gain, leaching, illuviation,
eluviation, alkalization, humification, lessivage, desalinization, calcification, decomposition, synthesis,
pedoturbation, and braunification. Humification processes of organic matter are predominate because the
ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C / N) is less than 25. According to the criterion (Total clay in B-horizon /
Total clay at A-orizon) most of the studied pedons (1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14) considered as well
developed soils. The ratio of (Active carbonate/ Total carbonate) was high ranged between (0.31-3.14%),
and this may be due to the high weathering intensity of parent material, as a result of increased the ratio
mass of active carbonate to total carbonate.

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