ANALYZING THE PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL PELLETS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

  • MARYAM MUAYAD
  • QABAS ABBAS
  • ZAHRAA ABDULKADER
Keywords: Climate Change; Energy Production Alternatives; Waste Recycling; Environment Sustainability; Environmental Engineering.

Abstract

One of the major factors that play a role in threatening our climate maintenance is the non-ecofriendly
energy production and finding an alternative to this is essential. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an
alternative process for non-ecofriendly energy production in which fuel is produced from various types of
local waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW). It diverts the landfill waste into a source of energy
supplier. This review paper examines the parameters that affect the quality of the
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that is derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) by reviewing prior studies
from multiple sources; experiment-based research papers. The examined parameters from the collected
data which included the moisture content, the ash content, Calorific value, Sulfur content, Chlorine
content, Carbon content, as well as the content of heavy metals; Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel
(Ni), Silver (Ag), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and Arsenic (As) were descriptively analyzed in
comparison to the typical contents found in the Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as these typical contents
determine the quality of these pellets for producing energy. Some of the collected data for some
parameters fell within their typical range. Yet, some did not.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

MARYAM MUAYAD
College of Civil E ngineering , AUIS - Iraq
QABAS ABBAS
College of Civil E ngineering , AUIS - Iraq
ZAHRAA ABDULKADER
College of Civil E ngineering , AUIS - Iraq

References

Abraham, B., Araya, H., Berhe, T. (2014). The system
of crop intensification: reports from the field
on improving agricultural production, food
security, and resilience to climate change for
multiple crops. Agric & Food Secur.
Adedeji et al. (2014). Global Climate Change.
Journal of Geoscience and Environment
Protection.
Compagnone, G., De Filippis, P., Scarsella, M.,
Verdone, N. & Zeppieri, M. (2006). Heavy
metal behavior during RDF gasification.
Researchgate. Rome, Italy.
Asati, Ambika., Pichhode, Mohnish. & Nikhi, Kumar.
(2016). Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants: An
Overview. International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management. India.
Fahim, Mohamed., Alsahhaf, Taher. & Elkilani, Amal.
(2010). Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining.
Kuwait University. Khaldeya, Kuwait.
Fitzgerald, Garrett. & Themelis, Nickolas J.
(2009). Technical and economic analysis of
pre-shredding municipal solid wastes prior to
disposal.
Gendebien, A., Leavens, A., Blackmore, K., Godley,
A., Lewin, K., Whiting, K.J., & Davis, R.
(2003). Refuse Derived Fuel, Current Practice and
Perspective. European Emissions-
Directorate General Environment.
Hemidat, S., Saidan, M., Al-Zu’bi, S., Irshidat, M.,
Nassour, A., & Nelles, M. (2019). Potential
Utilization of RDF as an Alternative Fuel for
the Cement Industry in Jordan. Sustainability.
Amman, Jordan.
Hernandez-Atonal F. D., Ryu, C, Sharifi, V &
Swithenbank, J. (2006). Combustion of
refuse-derived fuel in a fluidised bed. Sheffield
University. Sheffield, UK.
Kara, M. (2012). Environmental and economic
advantages associated with the use of RDF in
cement kilns. Marmara Research Center.
Gebze, Turkey.
Kers, Jaan., Kulu, Priit., Aruniit, Aare., Laurmaa,
Viktor., Križan, Peter., Šooš, Lubomir. & Ülo,
Kask. (2010). Determination of physical,
mechanical and burning Characteristics of
polymeric waste material briquettes. Estonian
Journal of Engineering. Estonia.
Ma, Wenchao., Terrence, Wenga,., Frandsen,
Flemming J., Beibei, Yan. & Guanyi, Chen.
(2020). The fate of chlorine during MSW
incineration: Vaporization, transformation,
deposition, corrosion and remedies. China
Malinauskaite J., Jouhara H., Czajczynska D.,
Stanchev P., Katsou E., Rostkowski P., Thorne
R.J., Colon J., Ponsa
Matúš, M., Križan, P., Šooš, L., Kers, J., Peetsalu, P.,
Kask, Ü., & Menind, A. (2011). Briquetting of
municipal solid waste by different
technologies in order to evaluate its quality
and properties. Agronomy Research Biosystem
Engineering Special Issue. Slovakia.
Procaccini, Carol (1999). The Chemistry of Chlorine
in Combustion Systems and the Gas Phase of
Chlorinated and Oxygenated Pollutants.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. USA.
Radford, Tim (2013). Waste Carbon Dioxide Could
Be Used as Energy. Climate Home News. The
Netherlands.
Riedy, Chris. (2016). Climate Change. University of
Technology Sydney. Australia.
S., Al-Mansour F., Anguilano L., Krzyzynska R.,
Lopez I.C., Vlasopoulos A. & Spencer N.
(2017). Municipal solid waste management
and waste-to-energy in the context of a
circular economy and energy recycling in
Europe. Manik Ventures Limited. UK. Sapuay, Grace P. (2015). Resource Recovery through
RDF: Current Trends in Solid Waste
Management in the Philippines. International
Conference on Solid Waste Management.
Philippines.
Sarwar, Warzer. (2020). Producing Energy from Dirt,
Trash, and House Waste of the City of
Sulaimani. Rudaw Sulaimani, Iraq.
Seltenrich, Nate (2016). Emerging Waste-to-Energy
Technologies Solid Waste Solution or Dead
End? Environmental Health Perspectives.
USA.
Singh, Jiwan. & Kalamdhad, AjayS. (2011). Effects
of Heavy Metals on Soil, Plants, Human
Health and Aquatic Life. Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati. Guwahati, India.
Skutan, Stefan, Brunner, Pual H. (2012). Metals in
RDF and other high calorific value fractions
from mechanical treatment of MSW: Analysis
and sampling errors. Waste Management &
Research.
Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., &
Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and
the environment. Experientia Supplementum.
Yari, Mehdi (2017). The 6 Corrosive Components
That Can be found in Crude Oil. University of
Western Ontario. Canada.
Zhao et al. (2016). Characterization of Singapore
RDF resources and analysis of their heating
value. Residues and Resource Reclamation
Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water
Research Institute, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore,
School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore, 639798. Singapore.
Zhou et al. (2016). Study on heavy metals conversion
characteristics during refused derived fuel
gasification process. School of Materials and
Metallurgy, Northeastern University.
Published
2020-12-28
How to Cite
MUAYAD, M., ABBAS, Q., & ABDULKADER, Z. (2020). ANALYZING THE PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL PELLETS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE. Journal of Duhok University, 23(2), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.26682/csjuod.2020.23.2.9