DETECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES IN DUHOK CITY/ IRAQ
Keywords:
Enterococcus genus, Nosocomial pathogens, Antibiotic resistance, Vitek 2 system
Abstract
Enterococci a variety of species and formerly believed to be of no medical importance; recently they emerged as life threatening multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogens. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium make up the majority of clinical isolates. Furthermore, these bacteria are naturally resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. The study assesses the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in different clinical samples; pinpoints the prevalence of species causing infection in this area and finally analyzes the patterns of drug resistance of these isolates. A total of 560 samples were collected and plated on blood and chocolate agar. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using automated VITEK 2 system. Four species of Enterococci were isolated: E. faecalis (74%), E. faecium (18%) and only (4%) of each E. gallinarum and E. avium. E. faecalis had a (100%) rate of resistance to Gentamycin. E. faecium, a rate of (100%) resistance to Benzylpenicillin. E. gallinarum showed complete resistance to a variety of antibiotics. E. avium showed complete resistance to Ampicillin and Tetracycline. Enterococci represent an infection control challenge in the region, a careful usage of antibiotics and implementation of infection control practices is believed to reduce the risk of infection
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References
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Hodel-Christian S. L., Murray B. E. Characterization of the gentamicin resistance transposon Tn5281 from Enterococcus faecalis and comparison to staphylococcal transposons Tn4001 and Tn4031. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1991;35(6):1147–1152. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Bhonchal Bhardwaj, S. (2020). Enterococci: An Important Nosocomial Pathogen. Pathogenic Bacteria. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.90550
Simner PJ, Adam H, Baxter M, McCracken M, Golding G, Karlowsky JA, et al. Canadian antimicrobial resistance. Epidemiology of vancomyccin resistant enterococci in Canadian hospitals (CANWARD study, 2007 to 2013). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2015;59(7):4315-4317 https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70494
Chakraborty, A., Pal, N. K., Sarkar, S., & Gupta, M. S. (2015). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Enterococci isolates from nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 6(2), 394–397. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.160018
Purohit, G., Gaind, R., Dawar, R., Verma, P. K., Aggarwal, K. C., Sardana, R., & Deb, M. (2017). Characterization of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci in Hospitalized Patients and Role of Gut Colonization. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(9), DC01–DC05. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/25988.10548
Toru, M., Beyene, G., Kassa, T., Gizachew, Z., Howe, R., & Yeshitila, B. (2018). Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples of pediatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3382-x
Tseng MH, Lo WT, Lin WJ, Teng CS, Chu ML, Wang CC. Changing trend in antimicrobial resistance of pediatric uropathogens in Taiwan. Pediatr Int. 2008;50(6):797–800.
Marcus N, Ashkenazi S, Samra Z, Cohen A, Livni G. Community-acquired Enterococcal urinary tract infections in hospitalized children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011;27(1):109–14.
Olawale KO, Fadiora SO, Taiwo SS. Prevalence of hospital acquired Enterococci species infections in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Afr J Infect Dis. 2011;5(2).
Kabew G, Abebe T, Miheret A. A retrospective study on prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2013;27(2):111–7.
Noor Shafina, M. N., Nor Azizah, A., Mohammad, A. R., Faisal, M. F., Mohamad Ikhsan, S., Hafizah, Z., Anis Siham, Z. A., Wan Jazilah, W. I., & Raja Khuzaiah, R. A. (2015). Bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in children with urinary tract infection in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. The Medical journal of Malaysia, 70(3), 153–157.
Aamodt, H., Mohn, S. C., Maselle, S., Manji, K. P., Willems, R., Jureen, R., Langeland, N., & Blomberg, B. (2015). Genetic relatedness and risk factor analysis of ampicillin-resistant and high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci causing bloodstream infections in Tanzanian children. BMC Infectious Diseases, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0845-8
Ipek, I. O., Bozaykut, A., Arman, D. C., & Sezer, R. G. (2011). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens among children in Istanbul, Turkey. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 42(2), 355–362.
Lo, D. S., Shieh, H. H., Ragazzi, S. L., Koch, V. H., Martinez, M. B., & Gilio, A. E. (2013). Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infection: Age and gender-dependent etiology. Jornal Brasileiro De Nefrologia, 35(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20130016
Shingeray, O. H., Elrhaman, M. A. A., Musa, A. M., & Nafi, M. (2013). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria causing postoperative wound infections in port-Sudan. Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(6), 82-85.
Alotaibi, F. E., & Bukhari, E. E. (2017). Emergence of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci at a Teaching Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Chinese medical journal, 130(3), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.198923
Chakraborty, A., Pal, N. K., Sarkar, S., & Gupta, M. S. (2015). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Enterococci isolates from nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 6(2), 394–397. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.160018
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Published
2023-06-07
How to Cite
JALAL, R. B., & ABDULLAH, B. H. (2023). DETECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES IN DUHOK CITY/ IRAQ. Journal of Duhok University, 26(1), 372-384. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2023.26.1.36
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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