INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SPEAKER-RELATED FACTORS ON CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETERS’ PERFORMANCE
Keywords:
Consecutive Interpreting, Speaker-Related Factors, Consecutive Interpreter,Consecutive Interpreters’ Performance
Abstract
This study theoretically and practically considers the speaker-related factors affecting consecutive interpreters’ performance. These factors exemplify some of the variables that interpreters almost always have to deal with. Interpreters may have control over some of them, however, some remain beyond their control. This means that the speaker shoulders some of the responsibility for the interpreters’ performance. These factors are obtained via administering a questionnaire to consecutive interpreters in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The questionnaire has led to the identification of a set of factors. The interpreters surveyed are novices, with less than five years of experience, and experienced interpreters, with more than five years of experience. These interpreters also vary in terms of the nature of employment, i.e., freelance and staff interpreters. Speaker-related factors, which fall into 13 sub-factors, represent the focus of the present study. The study is expected to aid consecutive interpreters and interpreting students to familiarize themselves with these factors, better understand their influence on their performance, and duly alleviate their impact. The conclusions drawn upon show that interpreters are not affected by the speaker-related factors in the same way. Moreover, interpreters who have less than five years of experience reflected almost the same reaction to almost all the factors as those with more than five years of experience. Freelance interpreters were more affected by almost half of the factors which shows that the nature of employment can be a determining factor in lessening the effect of some factors on their performance
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References
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Cooper, C. L., Davies, R. & Tung, R. L. (1982). Interpreting stress: Sources of job stress among conference interpreters. Multilingua, 5(4), 97-107.
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Ghaza'ee, A. S. & Ali, W. I. (2019). Difficulties and problems of simultaneous interpretation in Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Journal of the University of Garmian, 6(1), 271-281.
Gile, D. (2001). Consecutive vs. simultaneous: Which is more accurate? The journal of the Japan association for interpretation studies, 1(1), 8-20.
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Gillies, A. (2019). Conference interpreting: A short course. London: Routledge.
Horváth, I. (2012). Interpreter behaviour: A psychological approach. Budapest: Hang Nyelviskola Bt.
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Kalina, S. (2005). Quality assurance for interpreting processes. Meta, 50(2), 768-784.
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Kendall, T. (2013). Speech rate, pause and sociolinguistic variation: Studies in corpus sociophonetics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kreyenbroek, P. G. & Marzolph, U. (2010). A history of Persian literature. London: I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
Kurz, I. (1996). Special features of media interpreting as seen by interpreters and users. In New Horizona. Proceedings of the XIVth World Congress of FIT (vol. 2) (pp. 957-965). Mellbourne: AUSIT.
Li, C. (2010). Coping strategies for fast delivery in simultaneous interpretation. JoSTrans, 13, 19-25. Retrieved August 10, 2022, from
https://www.jostrans.org/issue13/art_li.pdf.
Lin, I. H. I., Chang, F. L. A., & Kuo, F. L. (2013). The impact of non-native accented English on rendition accuracy in simultaneous interpreting. Translation & Interpreting, 5(2), 30-44.
Mazzetti, A. (1999). The influence of segmental and prosodic deviations on source text comprehension in simultaneous interpretation. The Interpreters’ Newsletter, 9, 125-147.
McAllister, R. (2000). Perceptual foreign accent and its relevance for simultaneous interpreting. In K. Hyltenstam & B. E. Dimitrova (Eds.), Language processing and simultaneous interpreting (pp. 45-63). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mikkelson, H. (1999). Interpreting is interpreting – or is it? Paper presented at the 30th Anniversary Conference of the MIIS Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Monterey, California, 11–13 January 1999, (pp. 1-16). Retrieved may 4, 2022, from
http:// www.researchgate.net/publication/41373508.
Muhammad-Amin, H. O. (2008). The role of register in English-into-Kurdish translation. MA thesis. Koya: Koya University.
Phelan, M. (2001). The interpreter’s resource. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Pöchhacker, F. (2004). Introducing interpreting studies. London and New York: Routledge.
Pöchhacker, F. (2015). Routledge encyclopedia of interpreting studies. New York: Routledge.
Riccardi, A., Marinuzzi, G., and Zecchin, S., (1998). Interpretation and stress. The Interpreters' Newsletter, 8, 93-106.
Schweda-Nicholson, N. (1989). Documentation and text preparation for simultaneous interpretation. In D. L. Hammond (Ed.) Coming of age. Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the American Translators Association (pp. 163-181). Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
Seleskovitch, D. (1965). Colloque sur l'enseignement de l'interpretation. Paris. Association Internationale des Interpretes de Conference.
Seleskovitch, D. (2010). Interpreting for international conferences: Problems of language and communication (S. Dailey & E. N. McMillan, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Washington D.C.: Pen and Booth.
Setton, R. & Dawrant, A. (2016a). Conference interpreting: A complete course and trainer’s guide (2nd vol.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Setton, R. & Dawrant, A. (2016b). Conference interpreting: A complete course (vol. 120). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Setton, R. (1999) Simultaneous interpretation: A cognitive-pragmatic analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Siregar, S. (2017). The influence of dialect on the student’s pronunciation in speaking ability. Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(1), 27-36.
Thackston, W. M. (2006). Kurmanji Kurdish: A reference grammar with selected readings. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from
https://zimannas.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/kurmanji_complete.pdf.
Tommola, J. & Helevä, M. (1998). Language direction and source text complexity: Effects on trainee performance in simultaneous interpreting. In L. Bowker, M. Cronin, D. Kenny & J. Pearson (Eds.) Unity in diversity? Current trends in translation studies (pp. 177-86). Manchester: St Jerome
Treisman, A. M. (1965). The effects of redundancy and familiarity on translating and repeating back a foreign and a native language. Brit. J. Psychol, 56(4), 369-379
Alexieva, B. (1999). Understanding the source language text in simultaneous interpreting. The Interpreters’ Newsletter, 9, 45–59.
Al-Salman, S. & Al-Khanji, R. (2002). The native language factor in simultaneous interpretation in an Arabic/English context. Meta, 47(4), 607-626.
Altman, H. J. (1984). Documentation and the free-lance interpreter. The Incorporated Linguist, 23(2), 82-85.
Al-Zahran, A. (2007). The consecutive conference interpreter as intercultural mediator: A cognitive-pragmatic approach to the interpreter’s role. Doctoral dissertation. Salford: The University of Salford.
Ameen, H. H. M. (2013). Rendering Kurdish proper names into English in legal documents. MA thesis. Duhok: University of Duhok.
Baigorri-Jalón, J. (2014). From Paris to Nuremberg: The birth of conference interpreting (H. Mikkelson & B. S. Olsen, Trans.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Benacherine, H. (2022). Exploring the challenges of consecutive interpretation task in political settings press conferences as a case study. Afak Ilmia Journal, 14(2), 01-19.
Bowen D. & Bowen M. (Eds.). (2008). Interpreting: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cheung, A. K. F. (2009). Numbers in simultaneous interpreting: An experimental study. Forum,7(2), 61-88.
Cooper, C. L., Davies, R. & Tung, R. L. (1982). Interpreting stress: Sources of job stress among conference interpreters. Multilingua, 5(4), 97-107.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
Dawud, T. M. (2017). The interplay among variables in consecutive interpreting and their effects upon human interactions. MA thesis. Nablus: An-Najah National University.
Dillinger, M. (1994) Comprehension during interpreting: What do interpreters know that bilinguals don’t? In S. Lambert & B. Moser-Mercer (Eds.) Bridging the gap: Empirical research in simultaneous interpretation (pp. 155-189). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Diriker, E. (2011). Agency in conference interpreting: Still a myth? Gramma, 19, 27–36. Retrieved September 07, 2022, from
http://www.enl.auth.gr/gramma/gramma11/Diriker.pdf.
Gaiba, F. (1998). The origins of simultaneous interpretation: The Nuremberg trial. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Gerver, D. (1975). A psychological approach to simultaneous interpretation. Meta, 20(2), 119-128.
Gerver, D. (1976). Empirical studies of simultaneous interpretation: A review and a model. In R. W. Brislin (Ed.) Translation: Applications and research (pp. 165-207). New York: Gardner Press.
GERVER, D., (1969). The effects of source language presentation rate on the performance of simultaneous conference interpreters. In: F. Pöchhacker and M. Shlesinger (Eds.) The interpreting studies reader (pp. 53–66). New York: Routledge.
Ghaza'ee, A. S. & Ali, W. I. (2019). Difficulties and problems of simultaneous interpretation in Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Journal of the University of Garmian, 6(1), 271-281.
Gile, D. (2001). Consecutive vs. simultaneous: Which is more accurate? The journal of the Japan association for interpretation studies, 1(1), 8-20.
Gile, D. (2009). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training (revised ed.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gillies, A. (2019). Conference interpreting: A short course. London: Routledge.
Horváth, I. (2012). Interpreter behaviour: A psychological approach. Budapest: Hang Nyelviskola Bt.
Issa, S. (2016). Challenges facing conference and television interpreters. MA thesis. Auckland: The Auckland University of Technology.
Jones, R. (2002). Conference interpreting explained (2nd ed.). Manchester: St. Jerome.
Kalina, S. (2005). Quality assurance for interpreting processes. Meta, 50(2), 768-784.
Kellett-Bidoli C. J. (2000). Quality assessment in conference interpreting: An overview. Miscellanea, 4, 105-145.
Kendall, T. (2013). Speech rate, pause and sociolinguistic variation: Studies in corpus sociophonetics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kreyenbroek, P. G. & Marzolph, U. (2010). A history of Persian literature. London: I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
Kurz, I. (1996). Special features of media interpreting as seen by interpreters and users. In New Horizona. Proceedings of the XIVth World Congress of FIT (vol. 2) (pp. 957-965). Mellbourne: AUSIT.
Li, C. (2010). Coping strategies for fast delivery in simultaneous interpretation. JoSTrans, 13, 19-25. Retrieved August 10, 2022, from
https://www.jostrans.org/issue13/art_li.pdf.
Lin, I. H. I., Chang, F. L. A., & Kuo, F. L. (2013). The impact of non-native accented English on rendition accuracy in simultaneous interpreting. Translation & Interpreting, 5(2), 30-44.
Mazzetti, A. (1999). The influence of segmental and prosodic deviations on source text comprehension in simultaneous interpretation. The Interpreters’ Newsletter, 9, 125-147.
McAllister, R. (2000). Perceptual foreign accent and its relevance for simultaneous interpreting. In K. Hyltenstam & B. E. Dimitrova (Eds.), Language processing and simultaneous interpreting (pp. 45-63). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mikkelson, H. (1999). Interpreting is interpreting – or is it? Paper presented at the 30th Anniversary Conference of the MIIS Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Monterey, California, 11–13 January 1999, (pp. 1-16). Retrieved may 4, 2022, from
http:// www.researchgate.net/publication/41373508.
Muhammad-Amin, H. O. (2008). The role of register in English-into-Kurdish translation. MA thesis. Koya: Koya University.
Phelan, M. (2001). The interpreter’s resource. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Pöchhacker, F. (2004). Introducing interpreting studies. London and New York: Routledge.
Pöchhacker, F. (2015). Routledge encyclopedia of interpreting studies. New York: Routledge.
Riccardi, A., Marinuzzi, G., and Zecchin, S., (1998). Interpretation and stress. The Interpreters' Newsletter, 8, 93-106.
Schweda-Nicholson, N. (1989). Documentation and text preparation for simultaneous interpretation. In D. L. Hammond (Ed.) Coming of age. Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the American Translators Association (pp. 163-181). Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
Seleskovitch, D. (1965). Colloque sur l'enseignement de l'interpretation. Paris. Association Internationale des Interpretes de Conference.
Seleskovitch, D. (2010). Interpreting for international conferences: Problems of language and communication (S. Dailey & E. N. McMillan, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Washington D.C.: Pen and Booth.
Setton, R. & Dawrant, A. (2016a). Conference interpreting: A complete course and trainer’s guide (2nd vol.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Setton, R. & Dawrant, A. (2016b). Conference interpreting: A complete course (vol. 120). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Setton, R. (1999) Simultaneous interpretation: A cognitive-pragmatic analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Siregar, S. (2017). The influence of dialect on the student’s pronunciation in speaking ability. Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(1), 27-36.
Thackston, W. M. (2006). Kurmanji Kurdish: A reference grammar with selected readings. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from
https://zimannas.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/kurmanji_complete.pdf.
Tommola, J. & Helevä, M. (1998). Language direction and source text complexity: Effects on trainee performance in simultaneous interpreting. In L. Bowker, M. Cronin, D. Kenny & J. Pearson (Eds.) Unity in diversity? Current trends in translation studies (pp. 177-86). Manchester: St Jerome
Treisman, A. M. (1965). The effects of redundancy and familiarity on translating and repeating back a foreign and a native language. Brit. J. Psychol, 56(4), 369-379
Published
2023-10-16
How to Cite
OTHMAN, F. M., & AHMED, H. A. (2023). INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SPEAKER-RELATED FACTORS ON CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETERS’ PERFORMANCE. Journal of Duhok University, 26(2), 443-459. https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2023.26.2.28
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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