PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LAMB TO ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION DURING HEAT STRESS SEASON
Keywords:
Zinc; heat stress; serum biochemical; serum plasma; serum enzymes
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation on the reduction of heat stress in local lambs during hot season. In the current experiment, twenty-seven lambs were housed indoor in individual pens (1.50 × 1.30m). Zinc was added to the fresh drinking water in three different levels namely T1 (0 mg Zn/day), T2 (36 mg Zn/day) and T3 (72 mg Zn/day). Serum zinc (zinc; µmol/L), Alkaline phosphate (ALP; U/I), Alanine amino transferase (ALT; U/I), Aspartate amino transferase (AST; U/I), Creatine kinase (CK; U/I), Blood glucose level (mg/dl), Triiodothyronine hormone (T3; ng/ml), Thyroxin hormone (T4; ng/ml) were measured once per week. Zinc supplementation results show significant decrease in Aspartate amino transferase (AST) in (week 4), and Creatine kinase (CK) at (week 6) in T1group. Also zinc supplementation decreased triiodothyronine hormone (T3), and thyroxin hormone (T4) in (week 4). Whereas serum zinc level and alkaline phosphate (ALP) increased, also blood glucose level increased significantly in T2 (week 5) when the lambs were supplemented with 36 mg / zinc/ day. However, no effect of zinc supplementation was recorded on lamb serum ALT. Zinc supplementation was effective to increase blood plasma zinc concentration, ALP and kept the level of T4 from reduction during heat stress. However, zinc supplementation failed to keep the level of T3 from reduction during heat stress. This could be due to the type of zinc that was supplemented in the current experiment was inorganic which is less bioavailable than organic zinc
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References
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Al V et 1990. Effect of Zinc D e f i c i e n c y in Lambs on P l a s m a and Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase. 3, 167–177.
Al-Haidary A 2004. Physiological responses of Naimey sheep to heat stress challenge under semi-arid environments. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2, 307–309.
Alhidary IA, Shini S, Al Jassim RAM, Abudabos AM and Gaughan JB 2015. Effects of selenium and vitamin E on performance, physiological response, and selenium balance in heat-stressed sheep. Journal of Animal Science 93, 576–588.
Ali Naji H 2017. the Effect of Zinc and Copper Deficiency on Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Levels in the Sheep. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 16, 344–355.
Alimohamady R, Aliarabi H, Bruckmaier RM and Christensen RG 2019b. Effect of Different Sources of Supplemental Zinc on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Lambs. Biological Trace Element Research 189, 75–84.
A.K. Garg; Vishal Mudgal; R.S. Dass (2008). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. , 144(1-2), 0–96. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.003
Alkass JE 2017. Studies on the effect of selenium and vitamine on 2. some haematological and biochemical parameters in female.
Attia N 2016. Physiological, hematological and biochemical alterations in heat stressed goats. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 31, 56–62.
Baumgard LH and Rhoads RP 2013. Effects of heat stress on postabsorptive metabolism and energetics. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 1, 311–337.
Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Lacetera N and Nardone A 2002. Markers of oxidative status in serum and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2173–2179.
Burk RF 2007. Selenium in Nutrition and Health.
Chen S, Wang J, Peng D, Li G, Chen J and Gu X 2018. Exposure to heat-stress environment affects the physiology, circulation levels of cytokines, and microbiome in dairy cows. Scientific Reports 8, 1–11.
Collins KJ and Weiner JS 1968. Endocrinological aspects of exposure to high environmental temperatures. Physiological reviews 48, 785–839.
Di Trana, A., Celi, P., Claps, S., Fedele, V., Rubino, R., 2006. The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation. Anim. Sci. 82, 717–722.
Ertek S, Cicero AFG, Caglar O and Erdogan G 2010. Relationship between serum Zinc levels, thyroid hormones and thyroid volume following successful iodine supplementation. Hormones 9, 263–268.
Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C., 1990. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods Enzymol. 186, 1–85.
H.A Vergnes, M.K Courdouhji, J.F Guelfi, J.G Grozdea, M Lamand (1990). Effect of zinc deficiency in lambs on plasma and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Sciencedirect journal. Small Ruminant Research, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 167-177, ISSN 0921-4488.
Joo SS, Lee SJ, Park DS, Kim DH, Gu BH, Park YJ, Rim CY, Kim M and Kim ET 2021. Changes in Blood Metabolites and Immune Cells in Holsteinand Jersey Dairy Cows by Heat Stress. Animals 11.
Kb S, M NS, Gp K, Kukarni S, PT R and ML, Sathyanarayana G S 2020. Metabolic hormonal and serum electrolytes profile of mandya sheep during summer stress upon dietary supplementation of antioxidants. journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8, 408–411.
Khan TM, Malik S and Diju IU 2010. Correlation between serum thyroid hormones and liver enzymes level in thyrotoxic cases and controls in Hazara Division. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 22, 176–179.
Liu S, Masters D, Ferguson M and Thompson A 2014. Vitamin E status and reproduction in sheep: Potential implications for Australian sheep production. Animal Production Science 54, 694–714.
Machlin, L.J., Bendich, A., 1987. Free radical tissue damage: protective role of antioxidant nutrients 1 . FASEB J. 1, 441–445.
Magdub A, Johnson HD and Belyea RL 1982. Effect of Environmental Heat and Dietary Fiber on Thyroid Physiology of Lactating Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 2323–2331.
Mallaki M, Norouzian MA and Khadem AA 2015. Effect of organic Zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, and serum Zinc status in lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39, 75–80.
McDowell L, Wilkinson N, Madison R and Felix T 2007. Vitamins and minerals functioning as antioxidants with supplementation considerations. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, 1–17.
Mohri M, Ehsani A, Norouzian MA, Bami MH and Seifi HA 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: Hematology, serum biochemistry, performance, and relationship with other trace elements. Biological Trace Element Research 139, 308–316.
Nazifi S, Saeb M, Rowghani E and Kaveh K 2003. The influences of thermal stress on serum biochemical parameters of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their correlation with triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations. Comparative Clinical Pathology 12, 135–139.
NRC 2005. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC 2007a. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
NRC 2007b. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
NRC, 2007. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
Okoruwa MI 2014. Effect of heat stress on thermoregulatory, live body weight and physiological responses of dwarf goats in southern Nigeria. European Scientific Journal 10, 1857–7881.
Palani Z, Ahmed K, Saeed E, Hama K, Rasheed A and Hamid B 2019. Effect of Selenium or Zinc Feed Supplementation on some Physiological Characters in Blood of Kurdi Male Lambs. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 10, 95–98.
Patel B, Kumar N, Jain V, Raheja N, Yadav SK, Kumar N, Lathwal SS and Singh S V. 2018. Effect of Zinc supplementation on hormonal and lipid peroxidation status of peri-parturient karan fries cows during heat stress condition. Indian Journal of Animal Research 52, 513–517.
Rathwa SD, Vasava AA, Pathan MM, Madhira SP, Patel YG and Pande AM 2017. Effect of season on physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress parameters of indigenous sheep. Veterinary World 10, 650–654.
Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA and Baumgard LH 2009. Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1986–1997.
Saker, K.E., Fike, J.H., Veit, H., Ward, D.L., 2004. Brown seaweed- (TascoTM) treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl). 88, 122–130.
Sejian V, Singh AK, Sahoo A and Naqvi SMK 2014. Effect of mineral mixture and antioxidant supplementation on growth, reproductive performance and adaptive capability of Malpura ewes subjected to heat stress. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98, 72–83.
Shakirullah, Qureshi MS, Akhtar S and Khan RU 2017. The effect of vitamin E and selenium on physiological, hormonal and antioxidant status of Damani and Balkhi sheep submitted to heat stress. Applied Biological Chemistry 60, 585–590.
Song C and Shen X 2020. Effects of Environmental Zinc Deficiency on Antioxidant System Function in Wumeng Semi-fine Wool Sheep. Biological Trace Element Research 195, 110–116.
Song, C., Shen, X., 2020. Effects of Environmental Zinc Deficiency on Antioxidant System Function in Wumeng Semi-fine Wool Sheep. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 195, 110–116.
Spears JW 1996. Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 58, 151–163.
Spears JW and Weiss WP 2008. Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal 176, 70–76.
Sun LL, Gao ST, Wang K, Xu JC, Sanz-Fernandez M V., Baumgard LH and Bu DP 2019. Effects of source on bioavailability of selenium, antioxidant status, and performance in lactating dairy cows during oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 311–319.
Sunil Kumar, V.B., Ajeet, K., Meena, K., 2011. Effect of Heat Stress in Tropical Livestock and Different Strategies for Its Amelioration. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 7, 45–54.
Swarup G, Cohen S and Garbers DL 1981. Selective dephosphorylation of proteins containing phosphotyrosine by alkaline phosphatases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 8197–8201.
Srikandakumar A, Johnson EH and Mahgoub O 2003. Effect of heat stress on respiratory rate, rectal temperature and blood chemistry in Omani and Australian Merino sheep. Small Ruminant Research 49, 193–198.
Tejaswi V, Balamurugan B, Samad HA, Sarkar M, Maurya VP and Singh G 2020. Short communication: Differential endocrine and antioxidant responses to heat stress among native and crossbred cattle. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 39, 1–5.
Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freudenheim, J., Carosella, A.M., Armstrong, D., 2001. Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154, 348–356.
Trout, J.P., McDowell, L.R., Hansen, P.J., 1998. Characteristics of the Estrous Cycle and Antioxidant Status of Lactating Holstein Cows Exposed to Heat Stress. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 1244–1250.
Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR and Baumgard LH 2010. Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 644–655.
Al V et 1990. Effect of Zinc D e f i c i e n c y in Lambs on P l a s m a and Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase. 3, 167–177.
Al-Haidary A 2004. Physiological responses of Naimey sheep to heat stress challenge under semi-arid environments. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2, 307–309.
Alhidary IA, Shini S, Al Jassim RAM, Abudabos AM and Gaughan JB 2015. Effects of selenium and vitamin E on performance, physiological response, and selenium balance in heat-stressed sheep. Journal of Animal Science 93, 576–588.
Ali Naji H 2017. the Effect of Zinc and Copper Deficiency on Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Levels in the Sheep. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 16, 344–355.
Alimohamady R, Aliarabi H, Bruckmaier RM and Christensen RG 2019b. Effect of Different Sources of Supplemental Zinc on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Lambs. Biological Trace Element Research 189, 75–84.
A.K. Garg; Vishal Mudgal; R.S. Dass (2008). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. , 144(1-2), 0–96. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.003
Alkass JE 2017. Studies on the effect of selenium and vitamine on 2. some haematological and biochemical parameters in female.
Attia N 2016. Physiological, hematological and biochemical alterations in heat stressed goats. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 31, 56–62.
Baumgard LH and Rhoads RP 2013. Effects of heat stress on postabsorptive metabolism and energetics. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 1, 311–337.
Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Lacetera N and Nardone A 2002. Markers of oxidative status in serum and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2173–2179.
Burk RF 2007. Selenium in Nutrition and Health.
Chen S, Wang J, Peng D, Li G, Chen J and Gu X 2018. Exposure to heat-stress environment affects the physiology, circulation levels of cytokines, and microbiome in dairy cows. Scientific Reports 8, 1–11.
Collins KJ and Weiner JS 1968. Endocrinological aspects of exposure to high environmental temperatures. Physiological reviews 48, 785–839.
Di Trana, A., Celi, P., Claps, S., Fedele, V., Rubino, R., 2006. The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation. Anim. Sci. 82, 717–722.
Ertek S, Cicero AFG, Caglar O and Erdogan G 2010. Relationship between serum Zinc levels, thyroid hormones and thyroid volume following successful iodine supplementation. Hormones 9, 263–268.
Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C., 1990. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods Enzymol. 186, 1–85.
H.A Vergnes, M.K Courdouhji, J.F Guelfi, J.G Grozdea, M Lamand (1990). Effect of zinc deficiency in lambs on plasma and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Sciencedirect journal. Small Ruminant Research, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 167-177, ISSN 0921-4488.
Joo SS, Lee SJ, Park DS, Kim DH, Gu BH, Park YJ, Rim CY, Kim M and Kim ET 2021. Changes in Blood Metabolites and Immune Cells in Holsteinand Jersey Dairy Cows by Heat Stress. Animals 11.
Kb S, M NS, Gp K, Kukarni S, PT R and ML, Sathyanarayana G S 2020. Metabolic hormonal and serum electrolytes profile of mandya sheep during summer stress upon dietary supplementation of antioxidants. journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8, 408–411.
Khan TM, Malik S and Diju IU 2010. Correlation between serum thyroid hormones and liver enzymes level in thyrotoxic cases and controls in Hazara Division. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 22, 176–179.
Liu S, Masters D, Ferguson M and Thompson A 2014. Vitamin E status and reproduction in sheep: Potential implications for Australian sheep production. Animal Production Science 54, 694–714.
Machlin, L.J., Bendich, A., 1987. Free radical tissue damage: protective role of antioxidant nutrients 1 . FASEB J. 1, 441–445.
Magdub A, Johnson HD and Belyea RL 1982. Effect of Environmental Heat and Dietary Fiber on Thyroid Physiology of Lactating Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 2323–2331.
Mallaki M, Norouzian MA and Khadem AA 2015. Effect of organic Zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, and serum Zinc status in lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39, 75–80.
McDowell L, Wilkinson N, Madison R and Felix T 2007. Vitamins and minerals functioning as antioxidants with supplementation considerations. Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, 1–17.
Mohri M, Ehsani A, Norouzian MA, Bami MH and Seifi HA 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: Hematology, serum biochemistry, performance, and relationship with other trace elements. Biological Trace Element Research 139, 308–316.
Nazifi S, Saeb M, Rowghani E and Kaveh K 2003. The influences of thermal stress on serum biochemical parameters of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their correlation with triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations. Comparative Clinical Pathology 12, 135–139.
NRC 2005. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC 2007a. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
NRC 2007b. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
NRC, 2007. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, National Research Council (US), Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, & Life Studies. Washington, DC.
Okoruwa MI 2014. Effect of heat stress on thermoregulatory, live body weight and physiological responses of dwarf goats in southern Nigeria. European Scientific Journal 10, 1857–7881.
Palani Z, Ahmed K, Saeed E, Hama K, Rasheed A and Hamid B 2019. Effect of Selenium or Zinc Feed Supplementation on some Physiological Characters in Blood of Kurdi Male Lambs. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 10, 95–98.
Patel B, Kumar N, Jain V, Raheja N, Yadav SK, Kumar N, Lathwal SS and Singh S V. 2018. Effect of Zinc supplementation on hormonal and lipid peroxidation status of peri-parturient karan fries cows during heat stress condition. Indian Journal of Animal Research 52, 513–517.
Rathwa SD, Vasava AA, Pathan MM, Madhira SP, Patel YG and Pande AM 2017. Effect of season on physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress parameters of indigenous sheep. Veterinary World 10, 650–654.
Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA and Baumgard LH 2009. Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1986–1997.
Saker, K.E., Fike, J.H., Veit, H., Ward, D.L., 2004. Brown seaweed- (TascoTM) treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl). 88, 122–130.
Sejian V, Singh AK, Sahoo A and Naqvi SMK 2014. Effect of mineral mixture and antioxidant supplementation on growth, reproductive performance and adaptive capability of Malpura ewes subjected to heat stress. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98, 72–83.
Shakirullah, Qureshi MS, Akhtar S and Khan RU 2017. The effect of vitamin E and selenium on physiological, hormonal and antioxidant status of Damani and Balkhi sheep submitted to heat stress. Applied Biological Chemistry 60, 585–590.
Song C and Shen X 2020. Effects of Environmental Zinc Deficiency on Antioxidant System Function in Wumeng Semi-fine Wool Sheep. Biological Trace Element Research 195, 110–116.
Song, C., Shen, X., 2020. Effects of Environmental Zinc Deficiency on Antioxidant System Function in Wumeng Semi-fine Wool Sheep. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 195, 110–116.
Spears JW 1996. Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 58, 151–163.
Spears JW and Weiss WP 2008. Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal 176, 70–76.
Sun LL, Gao ST, Wang K, Xu JC, Sanz-Fernandez M V., Baumgard LH and Bu DP 2019. Effects of source on bioavailability of selenium, antioxidant status, and performance in lactating dairy cows during oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 311–319.
Sunil Kumar, V.B., Ajeet, K., Meena, K., 2011. Effect of Heat Stress in Tropical Livestock and Different Strategies for Its Amelioration. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 7, 45–54.
Swarup G, Cohen S and Garbers DL 1981. Selective dephosphorylation of proteins containing phosphotyrosine by alkaline phosphatases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 8197–8201.
Srikandakumar A, Johnson EH and Mahgoub O 2003. Effect of heat stress on respiratory rate, rectal temperature and blood chemistry in Omani and Australian Merino sheep. Small Ruminant Research 49, 193–198.
Tejaswi V, Balamurugan B, Samad HA, Sarkar M, Maurya VP and Singh G 2020. Short communication: Differential endocrine and antioxidant responses to heat stress among native and crossbred cattle. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 39, 1–5.
Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freudenheim, J., Carosella, A.M., Armstrong, D., 2001. Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154, 348–356.
Trout, J.P., McDowell, L.R., Hansen, P.J., 1998. Characteristics of the Estrous Cycle and Antioxidant Status of Lactating Holstein Cows Exposed to Heat Stress. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 1244–1250.
Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR and Baumgard LH 2010. Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 644–655.
Published
2022-06-23
How to Cite
OMAR, D. E., & BARWARY, M. S. Q. (2022). PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LAMB TO ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION DURING HEAT STRESS SEASON. Journal of Duhok University, 25(1), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.1.14
Section
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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