IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII, ISOLATED FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN DUHOK CITY

  • BLAND HUSAMULDEEN ABDULLAH College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Keywords: A. baumannii, Multidrug-resistance and Resistotyping patterns

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii regard one of the most important nosocomial bacterium that may infect hospitalized patients especially in ICU, and can cause severe infections

The sensitivity pattern of A. baumannii revealed that the organism was highly sensitive to Colistin (93%), followed by Tigecycline (82 %). A high resistance rate (100%) was reported for Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Ceftazidime, and Cefoxitin, while for Cefuroxime (92%) and for both Cefepime and Cefotaxime (98 %), also low sensitivity rate was shown by both Imipenem and Meropenem antibiotics against this bacteria with a sensitivity rate (17%), and due to resistotyping, a total of 9 different resistotype patterns were obtained; the most common resistotype was number (3) which include the following antibiotics : (PRL/TAZ,  CAZ, CFP, AZT, MEM, IMP, AK, CN, NET, CIP, AMC, SXT, CRO, CFUR, LEV).

Finally, this study demonstrated the significance of Acinetobacter baumannii as a nosocomial bacterium that may infect hospitalized patients and cause severe illnesses, such as pneumonia, wound infections, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and urinary tract infections

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adesida SA, Coker AO, Smith SI. Resistotyping of Campylobacter jejuni. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2003 Dec;10(4):211-5. PMID: 15045011.
Al-Agamy, M.H.; Khalaf, N.G.; Tawfick, M.M.; Shibl, A.M. and Kholy, A. E. (2014). Molecular characterization of carbapenem-insensitive Acinetobacter baumannii in Egypt. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22: 49–54.
Al-Mash'hadani, H. I. J. (2010). Study the activity of Bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus plantorum on Virulence factors of Acinetobacter baumannii .Msc. Thesis. Biology department. College of Science .AL- Mustansiryah University.
AL-Saleem, N. H. (2013). Genotyping Relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Medical City/Baghdad. PH.D. dissertation. Biology department. College of Sciences. Baghdad University .
Al-Tamimi, M.; Albalawi, H.; Alkhawaldeh, M.; Alazzam, A.; Ramadan, H.; Altalalwah, M.; Alma’aitah, A.; Al Balawi, D.; Shalabi, S.; Abu-Raideh, J.; et al. (2022), Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Jordan. Microorganisms, 10, 849. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/microorganisms10050849.
Barman H, Yadav G, Kumar A.J. Sharma S, Das A, Banerjee T, (2021). Adaptations of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the hospital environment causing sustained outbreak., Med Microbiol. 2021 Mar;70(3). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001345. Epub Mar 19.PMID: 33739918.
Bahador A.; Raoofian R.; Farshadzadeh Z.; Beitollahi L.; Khaledi A. and Rahimi S. et al. (2015). The Prevalence of ISAba1 and ISAba4 in Acinetobacter baumannii Species of Different International Clone Lineages Among Patients With Burning in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J. Microbiol., 8(7): 1-9.
Bayram, Y.; Parlak M.; Aypak, C. and Bayram, I. (2013). Three-year review of bacteriological profile and anti biogram of burn wound isolates in Van, Turkey. Int. J. Med. Sci., 10:19–23.
Blossom D.B., Srinivasan A. Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 2008;16:1–3. doi: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181635def.
Chen L.-K., Kuo S.-C., Chang K.-C., Cheng C.-C., Yu P.-Y., Chang C.-H., Chen T.-Y., Tseng C.-C. (2017). Clinical Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains with Higher Susceptibility to Environmental Phages than Antibiotic-sensitive Strains. Sci. Rep. ;7:6319. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06688-w.
Choi J.Y., Park Y.S., Kim C.O., Park Y.S., Yoon H.J., Shin S.Y., Kim Y.-A., Song Y.G., Yong D., Lee K., et al. (2005). Mortality risk factors of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia. Intern. Med. J. ;35:599–603. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2005.00925.x.
Chuang Y.-C., Sheng W.-H., Li S.-Y., Lin Y.-C., Wang J.-T., Chen Y.-C., Chang S.-C. (2011), Influence of Genospecies of Acinetobacter baumannii Complex on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Acinetobacter Bacteremia. Clin. Infect. Dis. ;52:352–360. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq154.
Fishbain J, Peleg AY. (2010). Treatment of Acinetobacter infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 51:79–84.
Fournier PE, Vallenet D, Barbe V, Audic S, Ogata H, Poirel L, et al.( 2006). Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS Genet; 2:e7; PMID:16415984; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pgen.0020007.
Garnacho, J., J. Sole-Violan, M. Sa-Borges, E. Diaz, and J. Rello. (2003). Clinical impact of pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in intubated patients: a matched cohort study. Crit. Care Med. 31:2478–2482.
Gordon NC, Wareham DW. (2010). Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms of virulence and resistance. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 35:219–226.
Goudarzi, H.; Mirsamadi, E.S.; Ghalavand, Z.; Vala, M.H.; Mirjalali, H.; Hashemi, (2019). A. Rapid detection and molecular survey of blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM genes among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii using new multiplex real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. BMC Microbiol., 19, 122.0 .
Gounden, R.; Bamford, R. and Zyl-Smit, V. (2009). Safety and effectiveness of colistin compared with tobramycin for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. BMC Infect. Dis., 9(9) : 26–28.
Harding C.M., Hennon S.W., Feldman M.F. (2018). Uncovering the mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii virulence. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. ;16:91–102. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.148.
Hussein, N.H. (2013). Genotyping relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Medical City/ Baghdad. PH.D. Thesis. Biology department. College of Sciences. AL-Mustansiriyah University.
Ibrahim ME.( 2019). Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Clin. Microbiol Antimicrob. Jan 3;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12941-018-0301-x.PMID: 30606201.
K. Montefour, J. Frieden, S. Hurst et al., (2008). “Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen in critical care,” Critical Care Nurse, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 15–25,.
La Scola B, Raoult D.( 2004). Acinetobacter baumannii in human body louse. Emerg Infect Dis; 10:1671-3; PMID:15498175.
Luyt C.E., Bréchot N., Trouillet J.L., Chastre J.( 2014). Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit. Crit. Care. ;18 doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0480-6. , 21.
Nazer, L.H.; Kharabsheh, A.; Rimawi, D.; Mubarak, S.; Hawari, F.( 2015). Characteristics and Outcomes of Acinetobacter baumannii In-fections in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study. Microb. Drug Resist., 21, 556–561.
Nermen, D. (2009). Genotyping of endemic strains of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from two Jordanian Hospitals. Micrpbiol., 61(2): 66-68.
Jale Moradi, Farhad B. Hashemi, and Abbas Bahador . ( 2015) Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. X Apr; 6(2): 79–86.Published online 2015 Feb 19. doi: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.12.006Antibiotic
Paterson D.L. (2008).Acinetobacter baumannii: Emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. ;21:538–582. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00058-07.
Ramoul, A.; Hammami, S.; Dekhil, M.; Aimiri, S; Slim, A. and Boutiba-Ben, B., (2013). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Algerian intensive care units. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(10): 868-874.
Sebeny PJ, Riddle MS, Petersen K.( 2008) Acinetobacter baumannii skin and soft-tissue infection associated with war trauma. Clin Infect Dis; 47:444-9; PMID: 18611157; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/590568
Sheng W.-H., Liao C.-H., Lauderdale T.-L., Ko W.-C., Chen Y.-S., Liu J.-W., Lau Y.-J., Wang L.-S., Liu K.-S., Tsai T.-Y., et al. (2010). A multicenter study of risk factors and outcome of hospitalized patients with infections due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2010;14:764–769. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2254.
Silago, V.; Mruma, E.C.; Msemwa, B.; Mtemisika, C.I.; Phillip, S.; Ndagula, R.A.; Said, M.M.; Mushi, M.F.; Mshana, S.E.(2022). Predominance of Acinetobacter spp., Harboring the blaIMP Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study. Pathogens 2022, 11, 63.
Stephen H. Gillespie ; Peter M. (2006). Hawkey Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology ; Second Edition John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Copyright © 2006 .
Sunenshine R.H., Wright M.-O., Maragakis L.L., Harris A.D., Song X., Hebden J., Cosgrove S.E., Anderson A., Carnell J., Jernigan D.B., et al.(2007) Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter Infection Mortality Rate and Length of Hospitalization. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007;13:97–103. doi: 10.3201/eid1301.060716.
Tian G.-B., Adams-Haduch J.M., Taracila M., Bonomo R.A., Wang H.-N., Doi Y. (2011). Extended-spectrum AmpC cephalosporinase in Acinetobacter baumannii: ADC-56confers resistance to cefepime. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2011;55:4922–4925. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00704-11.
Turton JF, Kaufmann ME, Gill MJ, Pike R, Scott PT, Fishbain J, et al. (2006). Comparison of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States that were associated with repatriated casualties of the Iraq conflict. J Clin Microbiol 44:2630-4; PMID:16825400; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM. 00547-06.
Velkov T., Roberts K.D., Nation R.L., Thompson P.E., Li J. (2013). Pharmacology of polymyxins: New insights into an “old” class of antibiotics. Future Microbiol. ;8:711–724. doi: 10.2217/fmb.13.39.
Yu Z., Qin W., Lin J., Fang S., Qiu J. (2015). Antibacterial Mechanisms of Polymyxin and Bacterial Resistance. Biomed. Res. Int. ;2015:1–11. doi: 10.1155/2015/679109.
Published
2022-11-16
How to Cite
ABDULLAH, B. H. (2022). IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII, ISOLATED FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN DUHOK CITY. Journal of Duhok University, 25(2), 222-230. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2022.25.2.21
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences