EFFECT OF FEEDING OAK (Quercus aegilops) ACORNS ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN BALANCE, RUMINAL FLUID CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BLOOD METABOLITES IN SHEEP AND GOATS
الملخص
This study aimed to examine the response of sheep and goats to dietary effects of feeding different
levels of oak (Quercus aegilops) acorns in terms of nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen function
and some serum metabolites. The study was conducted over 4 periods each of 15 days; in each period,
rams and bucks were allocated to one of the dietary treatments (control, 5, 10 and 15% oak acorns). Rams
and bucks exhibited different responses to the effects of dietary levels of oak acorns. The digestibility
coefficient of DM was reduced in both rams and bucks upon feeding acorns, but this decline was
significant (P≤0.05) only in rams fed 10 and 15% acorns as compared to rams fed control. Also, the rams
and bucks showed numerical decrease in digestibility coefficients of OM, CP, CF, and NPN. The
experimental treatments had no effects on nitrogen balance parameters. Bucks exhibited significantly
(P≤0.05) higher concentrations of rumen ammonia-nitrogen before, 4 hours and 6 hours after morning
feeding. The rumen pH value was significantly (P≤0.05) by the animal species only at the time before
morning feeding. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of acorns in the diet. The results of
this study indicate that goats are superior in digesting diets containing oak acorns up to 15%.
التنزيلات
بيانات التنزيل غير متوفرة بعد.
المراجع
Alexander G, Singh B, Sahoo A and Bhat TK 2008.
In vitro screening of plant extracts to enhance
the efficiency of utilization of energy and
nitrogen in ruminant diets. Animal Feed
Science and Technology 145, 229–244.
Al Jassim R, Ereifej K, Shibli R and Abudabos A
1998. Utilization of concentrate diets
containing acorns ( Quercus aegilops and
Quercus coccifera ) and urea by growing
Awassi lambs. Small Ruminant Research 29,
289–293.
AOAC 2007. Official Methods of Analysis.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Arlington, VA.
Barry T, Allsop T and Redekopp C 1986. The role of
condensed tannins in the nutritional value of
Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. British Journal
of Nutrition 56, 607–614.
Barry TN and Manley TR 1986. Interrelationships
between the concentrations of total condensed
tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in
Lotus sp. and their possible consequences in
ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of
Food and AgricultureScience of the Food and
Agriculture 37, 248–254.
Boubak A, Abdouli H, Khelil H, Mouhbi R and
Tayachi L 2007. Nutritional value of cork oak
acorn (Quercus suber L.) as an energy source
for growing goats. Asian Journal of Animal
and Veterinary Advances 2, 32–37.
Brooker JD, Donovan LO, Skene I and Sellick G
1999. Mechanisms of tannin resistance and
detoxification in the rumen. Proceedings of the
8th International Symposium on Microbial
Ecology.Atlantic Canada Society for
Microbial Ecology, Halifax, Canada, 1999.
Bunglavan SJ and Dutta N 2013. Use of Tannins as
Organic Protectants of Proteins in Digestion of
Ruminants. Livestock Science 4, 67–77.
Devendra C and Leng RA 2011. Feed resources for
animals in Asia: Issues, strategies for use,
intensification and integration for increased
productivity. Asian Australasian Journal of
Animal Sciences 24, 303–321.
Elahi Y and Rouzbehan M 2008. Characteriztion of
Quercus persica, Quercus infectoria and
Quercus libani as ruminant feeds. Animal
Feed Science and Technology 140, 78–89.
Froutan E, Azizi O, Sadeghi G, Fatehi F and Lashkari
S 2015. Effects of different concentrations of
ground oak acorn on growth performance,
blood parameters and carcass characteristics of
goat kids. Animal Production Science 55, 87–
92.
Frutos P, Hervás G, Giráldez FJ and Mantecón AR
2004. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition.
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2,
191–202.
Hadjipanayiotou M and Antoniou T 1983. A
comparison of rumen fermentation patterns in
sheep and goats given a variety of diets.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
34, 1319–1322.
Hagerman AE, Robbins CT, Weerasuriya Y, Wilson
TC and McArthur C 1992. Tannin chemistry
in relation to digestion. Journal of Range
Management 45, 57–62.
Hemingway R 1989. Chemstry of tannin-protein
complexation. Chemstry and significance of
condensed tannins, 323–333.
Jackson F, Barry T, Lascano C and Palmer B 1996.
The extractable and bound condensed tannin
content of leaves from tropical tree, shrub and
forage legumes. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture 71, 103–110.
Jafari H, Fatahnia F, Khatibjoo A, Taasoli G and
Fazaeli H 2018. Effect of oak acorn level on
colostrum composition and plasma
immunoglobulin G of late-pregnant goats and
their kids. Animal 12, 2300–2309.
Jung H 1993. Utilization of forage fiber by ruminants.
Agronomy journal 81, 33–38.
Kumar K, Chaudhary LC and Kumar S 2014.
Exploitation of tannins to modulate rumen
ecosystem and ruminants performance: A
review. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84,
609–618.
Kumar R and Vaithiyanathan S 1990. Occurrence,
nutritional significance and effect on animal
productivity of tannins in tree leaves. Animal
Feed Science and Technology 30, 21–38.
Lamy E, Rawel H, Schweigert FJ, Silva FCE,
Ferreira A, Costa AR, Antunes C, Almeida
AM, Coelho AV and Sales-Baptista E 2011.
The effect of tannins on mediterranean
ruminant ingestive behavior: The role of the
oral cavity. Molecules 16, 2766–2784.
Licitra G, Hernandez TM and Van Soest PJ 1996.
Feedbunk management evaluation techniques.
Animal Feed Science Technology 57, 347–
358.
MAFF 1975. Energy allowances and feeding systems
for ruminants. Technical Bulletin.
Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Borowy NK and Becker
K 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins
and their correlations with chemical and
protein precipitation methods. Journal of the
Science of Food and Agriculture 61, 161–165.
McDonald P, Edwards R., Greenhalgh J, Morgan C.,
Sinclair L. and Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal
Nutrition. Pearson, Gosport, UK.
Min BR, Attwood GT, Reilly K, Sun W, Peters JS,
Barry TN and Mcnabb WC 2002. Lotus corniculatus condensed tannins decrease in
vivo populations of proteolytic bacteria and
affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of
sheep 1. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48,
911–921.
Min BR, Barry TN, Attwood GT and McNabb WC
2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the
nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh
temperate forages: A review. Animal Feed
Science and Technology 106, 3–19.
Mueller-Harvey I 2006. Unravelling the conundrum
of tannins in animal nutrition and health.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
86, 2527–2533.
Narjisse H, Elhonsali MA and Olsen JD 1995. Effects
of oak (Quercus ilex) tannins on digestion and
nitrogen balance in sheep and goats. Small
Ruminant Research 18, 201–206.
Patra A and Saxena J 2009. The effect and mode of
action of saponins on the microbial
populations and fermentation in the rumen and
ruminant production. Nutrition Research
Reviews 22, 204–219.
Patra AK and Saxena J 2011. Exploitation of dietary
tannins to improve rumen metabolism and
ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture 91, 24–37.
Provenza FD, Burritt EA, Clausen TP, Bryant JP,
Reichardt PB and Distel RA 1990.
Conditioned flavor aversion: a mechanism for
goats to avoid condensed tannins in
blackbrush. American Naturalist 136, 810–
828.
Provenza FD and Malechek JC 1984. Diet Selection
by Domestic Goats in Relation to Blackbrush
Twig Chemistry. The Journal of Applied
Ecology 21, 831–841.
Rakic S, Povrenovic D, Tesevic V, Simic M and
Maletic R 2006. Oak acorn , polyphenols and
antioxidant activity in functional food. Journal
of Food Engineering 74, 416–423.
Reed JD, Soller H and Woodward A 1990. Fodder
tree and straw diets for sheep: intake, growth,
digestibility and the effects of phenolics on
nitrogen utilisation. Animal Feed Science and
Technology 30, 39–50.
Robbins CT, Hagerman AE, Austin PJ, McArthur C
and Hanley TA 1991. Variation in Mammalian
Physiological Responses to a Condensed
Tannin and Its Ecological Implications.
Journal of Mammalogy 72, 480–486.
Robbins CT, Mole S, Hagerman AE and Hanley TA
1987. Role of tannins in defending plants
against ruminants: reduction in dry matter
digestion. Ecology 68, 1606–1615.
Singh P, Biswas JC, Somvanshi R, Verma AK, Deb
SM and Dey RA 1996. Performance of
pashmina ( Cheghu) goats fed on oak (
Quercus semecarpifolia) leaves. Small
Ruminant Research 22, 123–130.
Waghorn G 2008. Beneficial and detrimental effects
of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable
sheep and goat production — Progress and
challenges ଝ. 147, 116–139.
Waghorn GC and Shelton ID 1997. Effect of
condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus on the
nutritive value of pasture for sheep. Journal of
Agricultural Science 128, 365–372.
Wallace R 2004. Antimicrobial properties of plant
secondary metabolites. Proceedings of the
Nutrition Society 63, 621–629.
Wallace RJ, Arthaud L and Newbold CJ 1994.
Influence of Yucca shidigera extract on
ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal
microorganisms. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 60, 1762–1767.
Wang Y, Douglas GB, Waghorn GC, Barry TN and
Foote AG 1996. Effect of condensed tannins
in Lotus corniculatus upon lactation
performance in ewes . The Journal of
Agricultural Science 126, 353–362.
Wang Y, Waghorn GC, Barry TN and Shelton ID
1994. The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus
corniculatus on plasma metabolism of
methionine, cystine and inorganic sulphate by
sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 923–
935.
Woisky RG and Salatino A 1998. Analysis of
propolis : some parameters and procedures for
chemical quality control. Journal of
Apicultural Research 2, 99–105.
Woodward A and Reed J 1997. Nitrogen Metabolism
of Sheep and Goats Consuming Acacia
brevispica and Sesbania sesban. Journal of
Animal Science 75, 1130–1139.
In vitro screening of plant extracts to enhance
the efficiency of utilization of energy and
nitrogen in ruminant diets. Animal Feed
Science and Technology 145, 229–244.
Al Jassim R, Ereifej K, Shibli R and Abudabos A
1998. Utilization of concentrate diets
containing acorns ( Quercus aegilops and
Quercus coccifera ) and urea by growing
Awassi lambs. Small Ruminant Research 29,
289–293.
AOAC 2007. Official Methods of Analysis.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Arlington, VA.
Barry T, Allsop T and Redekopp C 1986. The role of
condensed tannins in the nutritional value of
Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. British Journal
of Nutrition 56, 607–614.
Barry TN and Manley TR 1986. Interrelationships
between the concentrations of total condensed
tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in
Lotus sp. and their possible consequences in
ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of
Food and AgricultureScience of the Food and
Agriculture 37, 248–254.
Boubak A, Abdouli H, Khelil H, Mouhbi R and
Tayachi L 2007. Nutritional value of cork oak
acorn (Quercus suber L.) as an energy source
for growing goats. Asian Journal of Animal
and Veterinary Advances 2, 32–37.
Brooker JD, Donovan LO, Skene I and Sellick G
1999. Mechanisms of tannin resistance and
detoxification in the rumen. Proceedings of the
8th International Symposium on Microbial
Ecology.Atlantic Canada Society for
Microbial Ecology, Halifax, Canada, 1999.
Bunglavan SJ and Dutta N 2013. Use of Tannins as
Organic Protectants of Proteins in Digestion of
Ruminants. Livestock Science 4, 67–77.
Devendra C and Leng RA 2011. Feed resources for
animals in Asia: Issues, strategies for use,
intensification and integration for increased
productivity. Asian Australasian Journal of
Animal Sciences 24, 303–321.
Elahi Y and Rouzbehan M 2008. Characteriztion of
Quercus persica, Quercus infectoria and
Quercus libani as ruminant feeds. Animal
Feed Science and Technology 140, 78–89.
Froutan E, Azizi O, Sadeghi G, Fatehi F and Lashkari
S 2015. Effects of different concentrations of
ground oak acorn on growth performance,
blood parameters and carcass characteristics of
goat kids. Animal Production Science 55, 87–
92.
Frutos P, Hervás G, Giráldez FJ and Mantecón AR
2004. Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition.
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2,
191–202.
Hadjipanayiotou M and Antoniou T 1983. A
comparison of rumen fermentation patterns in
sheep and goats given a variety of diets.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
34, 1319–1322.
Hagerman AE, Robbins CT, Weerasuriya Y, Wilson
TC and McArthur C 1992. Tannin chemistry
in relation to digestion. Journal of Range
Management 45, 57–62.
Hemingway R 1989. Chemstry of tannin-protein
complexation. Chemstry and significance of
condensed tannins, 323–333.
Jackson F, Barry T, Lascano C and Palmer B 1996.
The extractable and bound condensed tannin
content of leaves from tropical tree, shrub and
forage legumes. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture 71, 103–110.
Jafari H, Fatahnia F, Khatibjoo A, Taasoli G and
Fazaeli H 2018. Effect of oak acorn level on
colostrum composition and plasma
immunoglobulin G of late-pregnant goats and
their kids. Animal 12, 2300–2309.
Jung H 1993. Utilization of forage fiber by ruminants.
Agronomy journal 81, 33–38.
Kumar K, Chaudhary LC and Kumar S 2014.
Exploitation of tannins to modulate rumen
ecosystem and ruminants performance: A
review. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84,
609–618.
Kumar R and Vaithiyanathan S 1990. Occurrence,
nutritional significance and effect on animal
productivity of tannins in tree leaves. Animal
Feed Science and Technology 30, 21–38.
Lamy E, Rawel H, Schweigert FJ, Silva FCE,
Ferreira A, Costa AR, Antunes C, Almeida
AM, Coelho AV and Sales-Baptista E 2011.
The effect of tannins on mediterranean
ruminant ingestive behavior: The role of the
oral cavity. Molecules 16, 2766–2784.
Licitra G, Hernandez TM and Van Soest PJ 1996.
Feedbunk management evaluation techniques.
Animal Feed Science Technology 57, 347–
358.
MAFF 1975. Energy allowances and feeding systems
for ruminants. Technical Bulletin.
Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Borowy NK and Becker
K 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins
and their correlations with chemical and
protein precipitation methods. Journal of the
Science of Food and Agriculture 61, 161–165.
McDonald P, Edwards R., Greenhalgh J, Morgan C.,
Sinclair L. and Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal
Nutrition. Pearson, Gosport, UK.
Min BR, Attwood GT, Reilly K, Sun W, Peters JS,
Barry TN and Mcnabb WC 2002. Lotus corniculatus condensed tannins decrease in
vivo populations of proteolytic bacteria and
affect nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of
sheep 1. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48,
911–921.
Min BR, Barry TN, Attwood GT and McNabb WC
2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the
nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh
temperate forages: A review. Animal Feed
Science and Technology 106, 3–19.
Mueller-Harvey I 2006. Unravelling the conundrum
of tannins in animal nutrition and health.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
86, 2527–2533.
Narjisse H, Elhonsali MA and Olsen JD 1995. Effects
of oak (Quercus ilex) tannins on digestion and
nitrogen balance in sheep and goats. Small
Ruminant Research 18, 201–206.
Patra A and Saxena J 2009. The effect and mode of
action of saponins on the microbial
populations and fermentation in the rumen and
ruminant production. Nutrition Research
Reviews 22, 204–219.
Patra AK and Saxena J 2011. Exploitation of dietary
tannins to improve rumen metabolism and
ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture 91, 24–37.
Provenza FD, Burritt EA, Clausen TP, Bryant JP,
Reichardt PB and Distel RA 1990.
Conditioned flavor aversion: a mechanism for
goats to avoid condensed tannins in
blackbrush. American Naturalist 136, 810–
828.
Provenza FD and Malechek JC 1984. Diet Selection
by Domestic Goats in Relation to Blackbrush
Twig Chemistry. The Journal of Applied
Ecology 21, 831–841.
Rakic S, Povrenovic D, Tesevic V, Simic M and
Maletic R 2006. Oak acorn , polyphenols and
antioxidant activity in functional food. Journal
of Food Engineering 74, 416–423.
Reed JD, Soller H and Woodward A 1990. Fodder
tree and straw diets for sheep: intake, growth,
digestibility and the effects of phenolics on
nitrogen utilisation. Animal Feed Science and
Technology 30, 39–50.
Robbins CT, Hagerman AE, Austin PJ, McArthur C
and Hanley TA 1991. Variation in Mammalian
Physiological Responses to a Condensed
Tannin and Its Ecological Implications.
Journal of Mammalogy 72, 480–486.
Robbins CT, Mole S, Hagerman AE and Hanley TA
1987. Role of tannins in defending plants
against ruminants: reduction in dry matter
digestion. Ecology 68, 1606–1615.
Singh P, Biswas JC, Somvanshi R, Verma AK, Deb
SM and Dey RA 1996. Performance of
pashmina ( Cheghu) goats fed on oak (
Quercus semecarpifolia) leaves. Small
Ruminant Research 22, 123–130.
Waghorn G 2008. Beneficial and detrimental effects
of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable
sheep and goat production — Progress and
challenges ଝ. 147, 116–139.
Waghorn GC and Shelton ID 1997. Effect of
condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus on the
nutritive value of pasture for sheep. Journal of
Agricultural Science 128, 365–372.
Wallace R 2004. Antimicrobial properties of plant
secondary metabolites. Proceedings of the
Nutrition Society 63, 621–629.
Wallace RJ, Arthaud L and Newbold CJ 1994.
Influence of Yucca shidigera extract on
ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal
microorganisms. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 60, 1762–1767.
Wang Y, Douglas GB, Waghorn GC, Barry TN and
Foote AG 1996. Effect of condensed tannins
in Lotus corniculatus upon lactation
performance in ewes . The Journal of
Agricultural Science 126, 353–362.
Wang Y, Waghorn GC, Barry TN and Shelton ID
1994. The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus
corniculatus on plasma metabolism of
methionine, cystine and inorganic sulphate by
sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 923–
935.
Woisky RG and Salatino A 1998. Analysis of
propolis : some parameters and procedures for
chemical quality control. Journal of
Apicultural Research 2, 99–105.
Woodward A and Reed J 1997. Nitrogen Metabolism
of Sheep and Goats Consuming Acacia
brevispica and Sesbania sesban. Journal of
Animal Science 75, 1130–1139.
منشور
2020-12-14
كيفية الاقتباس
HIDAYET, H. M., & MUSTAFA, K. N. (2020). EFFECT OF FEEDING OAK (Quercus aegilops) ACORNS ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN BALANCE, RUMINAL FLUID CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BLOOD METABOLITES IN SHEEP AND GOATS. مجلة جامعة دهوك, 23(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.7
القسم
Agriculture and Veterinary Science
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