PROPOSED EFFECTIVE WIDTH CRITERIA FOR SLAB DECK BRIDGES UNDER MILITARY TRACKED LOAD
Abstract
For any slab deck bridge, the ultimate loading strength is obtained based on the distribution of that
loading to a slab effective width that recommended in the adopted specifications. In this study, a simplified
procedure with a design equation is presented. This procedure depends on the determination of the
moments developed in a slab deck bridge and thus the slab effective width that loading is distributed to.
The study employs the Iraqi military tracked load. The procedure applies to right, simply supported slab
deck bridges with and without edge stiffening beams based on the aspect ratio that represents the ratio of
the slab width to length. A 3D finite element analysis by a well-known programme ABAQUS was
conducted to analyse the whole bridges and to give the values of moments that will be used in the
derivation of an equation to calculating the slab effective width. Furthermore, a comparison between the
effective width of this study and the AASHTO and LRFD specifications was conducted. It is found that
this method gives some conservative results in comparison with AASHTO and LRFD standards because
other standards have some limitations, besides not to take in consideration all the parameters required
Downloads
References
American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Eighth
Edition, Washington, D.C.
ABAQUS, Theory Manual, User Manual and
Example Manual, Version 6.12, Dassault
Systemes Simulia Corp., Providence, 2013.
Abdulrahman, B. Q. 2007. Analysis of slab bridges
under Iraqi military tracked load. M.Sc. thesis,
University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Abdulrahman, B.Q., Wu, Z. and Cunningham, L.S.,
2017. Experimental and numerical
investigation into strengthening flat slabs at
corner columns with externally bonded
CFRP. Construction and Building
Materials, 139, pp.132-147.
Amer, A., Arockiasamy, M. and Shahawy, M., 1999.
Load distribution of existing solid slab bridges
based on field tests. Journal of Bridge
Engineering, 4(3), pp.189-193.
Aswani, M.G., Vazirani, V.N. and Ratwani, M.M.,
2004. Design of concrete bridges. Khanna
Publishers.
Chen, S.S., Aref, A.J., Chiewanichakorn, M. and
Ahn, I.S., 2007. Proposed effective width
criteria for composite bridge girders. Journal
of bridge engineering, 12(3), pp.325-338.
Cornelissen, H.A.W., Hordijk, D.A. and Reinhardt,
H., 1986. Experimental determination of crack
softening characteristics of normal weight and
lightweight. Heron, 31(2), pp.45-56.
Deng, P. and Matsumoto, T., 2018. Determination of
dominant degradation mechanisms of RC bridge deck slabs under cyclic moving
loads. International Journal of Fatigue, 112,
pp.328-340.
DIN 1045-2:2008 Tragwerke aus Beton, Stahlbeton
und Spannbeton – Teil 2: Beton – Festlegung,
Eigenschaften, Herstellung und Konformität –
Anwendungsregeln zu DIN EN 206-1
Drar, A.A.M. and Matsumoto, T., 2016. Fatigue
analysis of RC slabs reinforced with plain bars
based on the bridging stress degradation
concept. Journal of Advanced Concrete
Technology, 14(1), pp.21-34.
Dunham, C. W., 1964. Advanced Reinforced
Concrete, McGraw- Hill, USA.
Eitel, A., Huckelbridge, A. and Capaldi, N.,
2002. Development of a Load Test for the
Evaluation and Rating of Short-Span
Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges (No.
FHWA/OH-2002/012,).
European Committee for Standardization. (2004). EN
1992-1-1Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules
for buildings.
Ferguson, P.M., Breen, J.E. and Jirsa, J.O., 1988.
Reinforced concrete fundamentals.
Genikomsou, A.S. and Polak, M.A., 2015. Finite
element analysis of punching shear of concrete
slabs using damaged plasticity model in
ABAQUS. Engineering Structures, 98, pp.38-
48.
Goldbeck, A. T., 1917, "The influence of total width
on the effective width of reinforced concrete
slabs subjected to central concentrated
loading." ACI Journal Proceedings, Vol. 13,
No. 2, pp. 78-88.
Goldbeck, A. T., Smith, E. B., 1916, "Tests of large
reinforced concrete slabs." ACI Journal
Proceedings, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 324-333.
Grassl, P. and Jirasek, M. 2006. Damage-plastic
model for concrete failure. International
journal of solids and structures, 43(22),
pp.7166-7196.
Indian Road Congress IRC: SP: 13, 2013. Guidelines
for the design of small bridges and culverts.
New Delhi: Published by Indian Roads
Congress.
Iraqi standard Specification for Road Bridges
(Loadings), Baghdad, 1978.
Jain, H.K., 2018. Computer-Aided Analysis of Fixed
Arch for IRC Loading.
Johansen, K.W., 1932. Moments of rupture in cross-
reinforced slabs. Proc. Intern. Assoc. Bridge
and Structural Eng, 1, pp.277-296.
Motarjemi, D. and Van Horn, D.A., 1969. Theoretical
analysis of load distribution in prestressed
concrete box-beam bridges. Fritz Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering,
Lehigh University.
Moustafa, M.A. and Mosalam, K.M., 2016. Effective
Width of Integral Bent Caps in Reinforced-
Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. In Geotechnical
and Structural Engineering Congress 2016 (pp.
77-89).
Slater, .W. A, Hagener, A. and Anthes, G. P.,
1923.Test of a Hollow Tile and Concrete Floor
Slab Reinforced in Two Directions,1I
Technologic. Papers of the Bureau of
Standards, Vol. 16, pp. 727 -796.
Stanton, J.F., 1987. Proposed design rules for load
distribution in precast concrete
decks. Structural Journal, 84(5), pp.371-382.
Warren, G. and Malvar, L.J., 1993. Lateral
Distribution of Loads in One-Way Continuous
Navy Pier Decks. Journal of Structural
Engineering, 119(8), pp.2332-2348.
Westergaard, H.M., 1930. Computation of stresses in
bridge slabs due to wheel loads. Public
Roads, 11(1), pp.1-23.
Westergaard, H.M. and Slater, W.A., 1921, February.
Moments and stresses in slabs. In Journal
Proceedings (Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 415-538).
Winkler, K. and Stangenberg, F. (2008). Numerical
Analysis of Punching Shear Failure of
Reinforced Concrete Slabs. ABAQUS User.s
Conference, Newport, RI. Dassault Systemes,
USA, Lowell, MA.
It is the policy of the Journal of Duhok University to own the copyright of the technical contributions. It publishes and facilitates the appropriate re-utilize of the published materials by others. Photocopying is permitted with credit and referring to the source for individuals use.
Copyright © 2017. All Rights Reserved.
