-بين السهل والجبل الحقيقة في تبيان ماهو سامي و غير سامي في كردستان القديمة- بحث في اللغة و الفن
Keywords:
تاریخ کردستان القدیم، العصر الآشوري، أصل الأسماء الجغرافیة، اللغە الکردیة القدیمة
Abstract
يعتبر الكثير من الكتاب و الباحثين ان بعض المناطق و الاصقاع الواقعة الآن ضمن اراضي كردستان القديمة مواطن لسكن الجماعات السامية او على الاقل، انها كانت تحت التاثير السامي، و ذلك استنادا الى الاسماء الشخصية و الجغرافية و اسماء بعض الآلهة. كذلك يستشهد البعض بتاصيل بعض الاسماء الجغرافية للدلالة على ارتباط تلك الاصقاع باثنية معينة، و الحق ان الابحاث اللاحقة اظهرت خطأ الكثير من التفسيرات و التاصيلات اللغوية، كما هي الحال في اسم اربيل مثلا، و لكن الافكار الخاطئة رغم ذلك لا تزال شائعة و تتكرر في الكتاب تلو الكتاب و البحث تلو البحث. و لم تقتصر تلك الاخطاء على الجانب اللغوي، بل تعدتها الى الجوانب الفنية و الآثار، مما جعل الباحثين الاوائل يعزون ما يعرف بشجرة الحياة المقدسة مثلا الى الآشوريين ليعتبروها من صميم تراثهم.
يهدف هذا البحث الى تصحيح البعض من هذه الافكار و اعادة الحقوق الى اصحابها ما امكن ذلك
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References
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The Beginnings of Ancient Kurdistan, A Historical and Cultural Synthesis (c. 2500-1500 BC), Ph.D. Dissertation, Leiden.
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Das Wiedererstandene Assur, Leipzig.
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“Sumerians, Gutians and Hurrians at Ashur? A Re-examination of Ishtar Temples G and F,” Iraq LXV.
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Charpin, D. and N. Ziegler, 2003
Mari et le proche-Orient à l’époque Amorrite: essai d’histoire politique, Florilegium Marianum V, Paris.
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Charpin, D., 1994
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Damirji, M. S. B. 1987
The Development of the Architecture of Doors and Gates in Ancient Mesopotamia, Tokyo.
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Speiser, E. A., 1928
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Thompson, R. C., 1900
The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon in the British Museum, vol. II, London.
Wegner, I., 2000
Einführung in die hurritische Sprache, Wiesbaden.
Westenholz, J. G., 2004
“The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction,” Papers of the XLIXe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale London, 7-11, July 2003, Part One in: Iraq vol. LXVI.
Whiting, R. M., 1976
“Tiš-Atal of Nineveh and Babati, uncle of Šu-Sin,” JCS 28.
رشيد، فوزي و احمد، جمال رشيد، 1990
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ساكز، هـ.، 1999
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The Beginnings of Ancient Kurdistan, A Historical and Cultural Synthesis (c. 2500-1500 BC), Ph.D. Dissertation, Leiden.
Andrae, W., 1938
Das Wiedererstandene Assur, Leipzig.
Andrae, W., 1922
Die archaischen Ischtar-Tempel in Assur, Leipzig.
Bär, J., 2003
“Sumerians, Gutians and Hurrians at Ashur? A Re-examination of Ishtar Temples G and F,” Iraq LXV.
Beckman, G., 1998
“Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered,” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 50.
Charpin, D. and J.-M. Durand, 1985
“La prise du pouvoir par Zimri-Lim,” Mari Annales de Recherches Interdiciplinaires 4, Paris.
Charpin, D. and N. Ziegler, 2003
Mari et le proche-Orient à l’époque Amorrite: essai d’histoire politique, Florilegium Marianum V, Paris.
Charpin, D., 2004
“Chroniques bibliographiques: 3. Données nouvelles sur la région du petit Zab au XVIIIe siècle Av. J.-C.,” Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale, vol. 98.
Charpin, D., 1994
Review of The Shemshāra Archives 2, The Administrative Texts, by J. Eidem, Syria 71.
Damirji, M. S. B. 1987
The Development of the Architecture of Doors and Gates in Ancient Mesopotamia, Tokyo.
Dandamayev, M. A. 1998-2001
“Nabonid A,” Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Band 9, hrsg. D. O. Edzard, Berlin.
Durand, J.-M., 1998
Les documents épistolaires du palais de Mari (LAPO), vol. II, Paris.
Edzard D. O. and G. Farber, 1974
Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der Zeit der 3. Dynastie von Ur, RGTC 2, Wiesbaden.
Eidem, J., 1990
“nuldānum/nuldānūtum- A Note on Kingship in the Zagros,” NABU, no. 63.
Falkenstein, A., 1956-7
Die neusumerischen Gerichtsurkunden, vols. 1-3, München.
Fincke, J., 1993
Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der Nuzi- Texte, RGTC X, Wiesbaden.
Forest, J.-D., 1996
Mésopotamie, L’apparition de l’Etat VIIe – IIIe Millénaires, Paris.
Grayson, A. K., 1991
Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114-859 BC), Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia – Assyrian Periods, vol. 2, Toronto.
Grayson, A. K., 1987
Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennium BC (to 1115 BC), Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia – Assyrian Periods, vol. 1, Toronto.
Grayson, A. K., 1980-1983
“Königslisten und Chroniken, Reallexikon der Assyriologie, Band 6, Berlin.
Heimpel, W., 2003
Letters to the king of Mari, Winona Lake.
Kutscher, R., 1989
The Brockmon Tablets at the University of Haifa- Royal Inscriptions, Haifa.
Lewy, H., 1971
Assyria, c. 2600-1816 B.C., Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 1, part 2, Cambridge.
Lewy, J., 1946
‘The Late Assyro-Babylonian Cult of the Moon and its Culmination at the Time of Nabonidus, in: HUCA 19.
Luckenbill, D. D., 1927
Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, vol. I, Chicago.
Moran, W. L., 1987
The Amarna Letters, Baltimore.
Poebel, A., 1942
“The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. I, no. 3.
Reade, J., 2005
“The Ishtar Temple of Nineveh,” Iraq 67, no. 1, Proceedings of the 49th Rencontre Assyriologiques Internationale.
Rivas, A., 2016
“Deities of Nineveh: A Look at the Temple and Rituals of Ishtar of Nineveh,” TeoBiblica 2.1-2.
Roaf, M., 2003
The Architecture of the Ninevite 5 Period, in: The Origins of North Mesopotamian Civilization: Ninevite V Chronology, Economy, Society, ed. E. Rova and H. Weiss, Subartu IX, Turnhout.
Rova, E. and H. Weiss (eds.), 2003
The Origins of North Mesopotamian Civilization: Ninevite V Chronology, Economy, Society, Subartu IX, Turnhout.
Speiser, E. A., 1930
Mesopotamian Origins, Philadelphia.
Speiser, E. A., 1928
“Southern Kurdistan in the Annals of Ashurnasirpal and Today,” The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 8 for 1926-27.
Thompson, R. C., 1900
The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon in the British Museum, vol. II, London.
Wegner, I., 2000
Einführung in die hurritische Sprache, Wiesbaden.
Westenholz, J. G., 2004
“The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction,” Papers of the XLIXe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale London, 7-11, July 2003, Part One in: Iraq vol. LXVI.
Whiting, R. M., 1976
“Tiš-Atal of Nineveh and Babati, uncle of Šu-Sin,” JCS 28.
رشيد، فوزي و احمد، جمال رشيد، 1990
تاريخ الكرد القديم، اربيل.
ساكز، هـ.، 1999
قوة آشور، ت.: عامر سليمان، بغداد.
Published
2021-03-01
How to Cite
AHMED, K. M. (2021). -بين السهل والجبل الحقيقة في تبيان ماهو سامي و غير سامي في كردستان القديمة- بحث في اللغة و الفن. Journal of Duhok University, 24(1), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.26682/chjuod.2021.24.1.9
Section
Humanities and Social Sciences
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