SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF LACE BUG Stephanitis pyri (F) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) IN ERBIL-IRAQ
Keywords:
Lace bug, Pear tree, Seasonal Fluctuation, Stephanitis pyri
Abstract
This investigation conducted during the two successive seasons 2012-2013 in orchards within Erbil city to follow seasonal fluctuation of Stephanitis pyri. S. pyri start appear in the first week of April and reached a peak level 13.90, 11.4 in third week of August for the two years respectively when the mean temperature was ranged 33-34°C and R.H. 24-29%. Correlation values for lace bug incidence with weather parameters showed that maximum and minimum RH had negative influence on lace bug population. The change in the level of infestation was due to difference in environmental temperature, relative humidity. Field investigation pointed out that the female’s activity of S. pyri began during the period from 1st week of April onward 4th week of October through which it laid their eggs
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References
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Regional Statistics Organizing (RSO) (2008). A survey of different Fruit trees in Kurdistan Region. Report prepared by Ministry of Planning (agricultural sector), Kurdistan region. Iraq.
Önder, F and Lodos, N. (1983) Preliminary list of Tingidae with notes on distibution and importance of species in Turkey. Ege University Press, Izmir
Barta, M. and Bibeň, T. (2016). Stephanitis takeyai and S. rhododendri (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Slovakia: first record and economic importance. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56: 193-198.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0022
Kivan, M. and Aysal, T. (2011). Adult survival rate and oviposition preference of Stephanitis pyri (F., 1775) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on different plant species. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 35: 169-178.
Hradil, K.; Psota, V. and Štastná, P. (2013). Species diversity of true bugs on apples in terms of plant protection. Plant Protection Science, 49: 73-83.
https://doi.org/10.17221/30/2012-PPS
Muhammed, S. H. (1995). Survey of sap sucking insect on some fruit trees. M.Sc. thesis, college of Education, University of Salahaddein.
Şahin, A.K.; Özpinar, A.; Polat, B. and Sakaldaş, M. (2009). Population density of pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri (F.), Heteroptera: Tingidae) at different aApple cultivars in Çanakkale Province. Agricultural Science Research Journal, Ankara University, 2: 119-122.
Maral, H. (2021). Effect of spinosad, azadirachtin and kaolin on Stephanitis pyri (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) under laboratory conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology (45)1: 87-97.10- Lodos, N. (1982). Turkiye Entomolojisi II (Genel, Uygulamali ve Faunistik). Ege University Press, Izmir.
Mahmoud, T. R and Mohammed, M. A. (1983). Seasonal abundance of Stephanitis pyri on pear trees in Moosul region, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences (Zanco), 1 (2), P. 81.
Vergnani, S. and Caruso, S. (2008). Investigation on the efficacy of different products for the control of Stephanitis pyri in an organic pear orchard during the two-year period 2004-5. Pages 496-499. In: 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena, June 16-20, Italy.
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Al-Obadi, A. K. (2007). The effect of pear variety, numbers of lace bug Insects and some other environmental factors on the damage area and percentage resulting from Infection by the lace bug insect in Mosul city-Iraq). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 35 (4).
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Al-Obadi, A. K. (2009). The role of some secondary compound on the Susceptibility of some pear varieties to infection by Pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri (f.) (tingidae: hemiptera). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 37 (4).
Shen, H.W., Wu, W.J. and Yang, P. S. (1985). The biology of the lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott). Yen chiu pao kao (Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University, (25) 1, 143-154.
Gulpercin, N. and Önder, F. (1999). Bornova koşullarında Stephanitis pyri (F.) (Heteroptera: Tingidae)’nin biyolojisi ve dogal düşmanları üzerinde çalışmalar. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 23: 51-56.
Tazcan, S. and Önder, F. (2003). Faunistical studies in ecological cherry orchards in Izmir and Manisa provinces of Turkey: an evaluation on the species of heteroptera. J. of aegean Agr Res. Inst.
Aysal, T. and Kivan, M. (2008). Development and population growth of Stephanitis pyri (F.) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) at five temperatures. Journal Pest Science, 81: 135-141.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-008-0198-9
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Mohammed, M. A. (1988). Seasonal abundance of leaf rolling aphid Dysaphis pyri (Boy.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on apple and pear trees in orchard of the college of Agricultural and Forestry in Hammam Al-Alil. Arab Journal Plant protection, Vol (6):71-75.
Anonymous (2016). Pear bedstraw aphid-Inra. (http://www7.inra.fr/hyppz/ RAVAGEUR/6dyspyr.htm) (Accessed 5 May 2016).
Schuh, R.T. and Slater, J. A. (1995). True bugs of the world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: 336.
Muhammed, S. H. and Al-Iraqi, R. A. (2010). The biology of the stink bug Apodiphus amygdali (Germar) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 38 (1): 1-53 pp.
Bellows, T. S.; Paine, T. D.; Arakawa, K. Y.; Meisenbacher, C.; Leddy, P. and Kabashimo, J. (1990). Biological control sought for ash whitefly. California Agriculture 44(1): 4-6.
Drake, C. J. and Ruhoff, F. A. (1965). Lace bugs of the World – A Catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. United States National Museum Bulletin 213. 634 pp.
Diab, N.; Al-Jouri, E.; Daher-Hjai, N. and A. Almanoufi (2018). First record of pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri (F. 1775) on narrow leaf firethorn shrubs Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K. Schneid., in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 36(2): 94-97.
Muhammed, S. H. (2020). Seasonal Fluctuation of Stink Bug Mustha Spinulosa (Lefebvre, 1831) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) on Some Trees in Erbil City. Bulletin Iraq Natural History Museum, 16(2):151-160
Castner, J. L. (2000). Photographic atlas of Entomology and guide to insect identification, sixth edition. Feline press, 176 pp.
Triplehorn, C. A. and Johnson, N. F. (2004). Borror and Delong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, seventh edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole. 868pp.
Regional Statistics Organizing (RSO) (2008). A survey of different Fruit trees in Kurdistan Region. Report prepared by Ministry of Planning (agricultural sector), Kurdistan region. Iraq.
Önder, F and Lodos, N. (1983) Preliminary list of Tingidae with notes on distibution and importance of species in Turkey. Ege University Press, Izmir
Barta, M. and Bibeň, T. (2016). Stephanitis takeyai and S. rhododendri (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Slovakia: first record and economic importance. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56: 193-198.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0022
Kivan, M. and Aysal, T. (2011). Adult survival rate and oviposition preference of Stephanitis pyri (F., 1775) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on different plant species. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 35: 169-178.
Hradil, K.; Psota, V. and Štastná, P. (2013). Species diversity of true bugs on apples in terms of plant protection. Plant Protection Science, 49: 73-83.
https://doi.org/10.17221/30/2012-PPS
Muhammed, S. H. (1995). Survey of sap sucking insect on some fruit trees. M.Sc. thesis, college of Education, University of Salahaddein.
Şahin, A.K.; Özpinar, A.; Polat, B. and Sakaldaş, M. (2009). Population density of pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri (F.), Heteroptera: Tingidae) at different aApple cultivars in Çanakkale Province. Agricultural Science Research Journal, Ankara University, 2: 119-122.
Maral, H. (2021). Effect of spinosad, azadirachtin and kaolin on Stephanitis pyri (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) under laboratory conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology (45)1: 87-97.10- Lodos, N. (1982). Turkiye Entomolojisi II (Genel, Uygulamali ve Faunistik). Ege University Press, Izmir.
Mahmoud, T. R and Mohammed, M. A. (1983). Seasonal abundance of Stephanitis pyri on pear trees in Moosul region, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences (Zanco), 1 (2), P. 81.
Vergnani, S. and Caruso, S. (2008). Investigation on the efficacy of different products for the control of Stephanitis pyri in an organic pear orchard during the two-year period 2004-5. Pages 496-499. In: 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena, June 16-20, Italy.
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Al-Obadi, A. K. (2007). The effect of pear variety, numbers of lace bug Insects and some other environmental factors on the damage area and percentage resulting from Infection by the lace bug insect in Mosul city-Iraq). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 35 (4).
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Al-Obadi, A. K. (2009). The role of some secondary compound on the Susceptibility of some pear varieties to infection by Pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri (f.) (tingidae: hemiptera). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 37 (4).
Shen, H.W., Wu, W.J. and Yang, P. S. (1985). The biology of the lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott). Yen chiu pao kao (Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University, (25) 1, 143-154.
Gulpercin, N. and Önder, F. (1999). Bornova koşullarında Stephanitis pyri (F.) (Heteroptera: Tingidae)’nin biyolojisi ve dogal düşmanları üzerinde çalışmalar. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 23: 51-56.
Tazcan, S. and Önder, F. (2003). Faunistical studies in ecological cherry orchards in Izmir and Manisa provinces of Turkey: an evaluation on the species of heteroptera. J. of aegean Agr Res. Inst.
Aysal, T. and Kivan, M. (2008). Development and population growth of Stephanitis pyri (F.) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) at five temperatures. Journal Pest Science, 81: 135-141.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-008-0198-9
Al. Mallah, N. M. and Mohammed, M. A. (1988). Seasonal abundance of leaf rolling aphid Dysaphis pyri (Boy.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on apple and pear trees in orchard of the college of Agricultural and Forestry in Hammam Al-Alil. Arab Journal Plant protection, Vol (6):71-75.
Anonymous (2016). Pear bedstraw aphid-Inra. (http://www7.inra.fr/hyppz/ RAVAGEUR/6dyspyr.htm) (Accessed 5 May 2016).
Schuh, R.T. and Slater, J. A. (1995). True bugs of the world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: 336.
Muhammed, S. H. and Al-Iraqi, R. A. (2010). The biology of the stink bug Apodiphus amygdali (Germar) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 38 (1): 1-53 pp.
Bellows, T. S.; Paine, T. D.; Arakawa, K. Y.; Meisenbacher, C.; Leddy, P. and Kabashimo, J. (1990). Biological control sought for ash whitefly. California Agriculture 44(1): 4-6.
Drake, C. J. and Ruhoff, F. A. (1965). Lace bugs of the World – A Catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. United States National Museum Bulletin 213. 634 pp.
Diab, N.; Al-Jouri, E.; Daher-Hjai, N. and A. Almanoufi (2018). First record of pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri (F. 1775) on narrow leaf firethorn shrubs Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K. Schneid., in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 36(2): 94-97.
Muhammed, S. H. (2020). Seasonal Fluctuation of Stink Bug Mustha Spinulosa (Lefebvre, 1831) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) on Some Trees in Erbil City. Bulletin Iraq Natural History Museum, 16(2):151-160
Castner, J. L. (2000). Photographic atlas of Entomology and guide to insect identification, sixth edition. Feline press, 176 pp.
Triplehorn, C. A. and Johnson, N. F. (2004). Borror and Delong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, seventh edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole. 868pp.
Published
2021-10-26
How to Cite
MUHAMMED, S. H. (2021). SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF LACE BUG Stephanitis pyri (F) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) IN ERBIL-IRAQ. Journal of Duhok University, 24(2), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2021.24.2.3
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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