TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS: A REVIEW STUDY
Keywords:
Signalized Intersection; Optimization; A Review Study; Delay; Signal Timing
Abstract
Signalized intersections are critical elements of the highway system, thus improving the attitude of these intersections significantly influences the overall operating performance of the highways in respect of delay and level of service (LOS). Reduction in capacity and increase in delay at signalized intersections could be a reflection of poor signal timing as well as inadequate road geometry variables. A better comprehension of the reasons that affect signalized intersections performance can be useful in reducing delay and improving the LOS. This study aims toreview some of thepublished works on the evaluation of traffic operation at signalized intersections using both Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) and several optimization software. Different approaches were used to identify the main input data (traffic volume data, geometric characteristics, and signal timing) required for the HCM and different optimization proposals including video recording technique and field survey. The outcomes of thepublished investigations indicated to improve the operational performance of these intersections including cycle length, adding lanes, creating overpass, prohibiting approach traffic from the intersection, and a combination of some proposals.The research also seeks to add tothis review the limitations of using different software suchas SYNCHRO, CORSIM, HCS, SIDRAand the considerable variability of delays and LOS using these software’s so that it may be updated for future experimental and simulation investigations on signalized intersections
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References
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MAHMOOD, T. S. & AWAD, H. A. 2014. Improvement Level of Service for Congested Intersection in CBD Area of Fallujah City. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 21, 29-41.
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AHMED, N. G., EZAT, E. N. & WAHEED, M. K. 2011. Improvement of Traffic Operation in Congested Intersections for the CBD of Baghdad. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 15.
AL-KAISY, A. & STEWART, J. 2001. New approach for developing warrants of protected left-turn phase at signalized intersections. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35, 561-574.
AL-KUBAISI, M. I. 2012. Optimum Cycle Time Prediction for Signalized Intersections at Baghdad City. Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering, 9.
AL-MARAFI, M. N., AL-MARAFI, D. H., AL-JARABHA, M. S. & AL-SHBEILAT, H. S. M., AHED A 2021. Evaluation and Improvement of Traffic Flow on Main Intersections in Tafila City Using Synchro.
AL-OBAIDI, M., AL-SADIK, S. & AL-MANDELAWEE, H. Optimizing the Traffic Operation System of 14th-Ramadhan Signalized Intersection in Baghdad City using HCS Technique. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020. IOP Publishing, 012177.
AMBORSKI, K., DZIELINSKI, A., KOWALCZUK, P., & ZYDANOWICZ, W 2010. Simulation Of Traffic Lights Control.
AVDIU, P. S. 2013. Optimization of Work of Traffic Signals in Order to Reduce the Length of the Waiting Queue and Delays in Isolated Intersection: A Case Study. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET).
BARA’W, A.-M., ALOMARI, A. H. & AL ZOUBI, M. S. 2021. Investigation of saturation flow rate using video camera at signalized intersections in Jordan. Open Engineering, 11, 216-226.
CHEN, P., QI, H. & SUN, J. 2014. Investigation of saturation flow on shared right-turn lane at signalized intersections. Transportation Research Record, 2461, 66-75.
CHEN, W.-F. & LIEW, J. R. 2002. The civil engineering handbook, Crc Press.
CHIN, Y. K., YONG, K., BOLONG, N., YANG, S. & TEO, K. T. K. Multiple intersections traffic signal timing optimization with genetic algorithm. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 2011. IEEE, 454-459.
CLOUGH HARBOUR AND ASSOCIATES, L. 2012. Traffic Signal Optimization Project, 441 South Salina Street Syracuse, NY 13202.
DARMA, Y., KARIM, M. R., MOHAMAD, J. & ABDULLAH, S. Control delay variability at signalized intersection based on HCM method. Proceedings of the eastern Asia society for Transportation Studies, 2005. 945-958.
DOGAN, E., PAYIDAR AKGUNGOR, A. & ARSLAN, T. 2016. Estimation of delay and vehicle stops at signalized intersections using artificial neural network. Engineering Review: Međunarodni časopis namijenjen publiciranju originalnih istraživanja s aspekta analize konstrukcija, materijala i novih tehnologija u području strojarstva, brodogradnje, temeljnih tehničkih znanosti, elektrotehnike, računarstva i građevinarstva, 36, 157-165.
DULEBENETS, M. A., RAHIMI, A. M. & MAZAHERI, A. 2017. Assessing the effects of indirect left turn on a signalized intersection performance: A case study for the Tehran Metropolitan Area. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 7, 617-634.
EZAT, E. N. 2008. Improvement of Traffic Operation in Congested Signalized Intersections in Baghdad City. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 12.
EZZAT, A. A., FAROUK, H. A., EL-KILANY, K. S. & MONEIM, A. F. A. Optimization using simulation of traffic light signal timings. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bali, Indonesia, 2014.
FHWA 2018. FHWA, Federal Highway Administration Traffic Data Computation Method-Pocket Guide. Department of Transportation, United States.
GARBER, N. J. & HOEL, L. A. 2014. Traffic and highway engineering, Toronto ON M1K 5G4 Canada, Cengage Learning.
GERESU, T. G. 2017. Optimization of Intersection Signal Timing -Case Study of Shola Gebeya and Estifanos - Stadium - Laghar Intersection. MSc, Addis Ababa University.Thesis.
HASAN, H. 2019. Assessment of Al-Faris Al-Arabee Signalized Intersection in Baghdad Province Using Computer Software.
HCM 2000. Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Washington, DC.
HCM 2010. Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
HE, S., WANG, W., ZHANG, J. & YANG, J. 2013. An Improved Optimization Method for Isolated Signalized Intersection Based on the Temporal and Spatial Resources Integration. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 1696-1706.
HEWAGE, K. N. & RUWANPURA, J. Y. Optimization of traffic signal light timing using simulation. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, 2004., 2004. IEEE, 1428-1433.
JAMAL, A., TAUHIDUR RAHMAN, M., AL-AHMADI, H. M., ULLAH, I. & ZAHID, M. 2020. Intelligent Intersection Control for Delay Optimization: Using Meta-Heuristic Search Algorithms. Sustainability, 12, 1896.
JAMEEL, A. K. 2011. Estimating delay time at palestine street intersections in Baghdad City using HCM AND SIDRA models. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 4, 613-633.
JASIM, I. F. 2012. Improvement of Traffic Capacity for AL-Mustainsiriyah Intersection in Baghdad City. Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 5, 235-252.
JONI, H. & HIKMATT, M. Assessment at Al-Ameer signalized intersection in Samawa city. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018. EDP Sciences, 01039.
JONI, H. H. 2017. Traffic performance for Intersection by Using Synchro Software of Traffic Flow in AdEn Square.
KANG, Y.-S. 2000. Delay, stop and queue estimation for uniform and random traffic arrivals at fixed-time signalized intersections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
KAZAMA, T., HONDA, N. & WATANABE, T. Evaluating a signal control system using a real-timetraffic simulator connected to a traffic signal controller. International Congress on Modeling and Simulation (MODSIM07), 2007. Citeseer, 3051-3057.
KHALEEL, S. 2013. Modeling of Traffic Queues and Delay at CBD in Sulaymaniyah City.
KOONCE, P. & RODEGERDTS, L. 2008. Traffic signal timing manual. United States. Federal Highway Administration.
KUMALA, T., QUEZON, E. & SHIFERAW, B. 2016. Effect of Cycle Time and Signal Phase on Average Time Delay, Congestion and Level of Service: A Case Study at Hager Astedader Signalized Intersection in Addis Ababa. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 7, 524-530.
LI, Y., YU, L., TAO, S. & CHEN, K. 2013. Multi-Objective Optimization of Traffic Signal Timing for Oversaturated Intersection. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013, 182643.
MA, D. & NAKAMURA, H. 2010. Cycle length optimization at isolated signalized intersections from the viewpoint of emission. Traffic and Transportation Studies 2010.
MAHMOOD, T. S. & AWAD, H. A. 2014. Improvement Level of Service for Congested Intersection in CBD Area of Fallujah City. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 21, 29-41.
MAZAHERI, A. & RAHIMI, A. M. Determining a suitable position for U-turns near signal-controlled road junctions. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport, 2017. Thomas Telford Ltd, 267-275.
MAZE, T. & KAMYAB, A. 1998. Simulation and Analysis of Arterial Traffic Operations Along the US 61 Corridor in Burlington, Iowa. Final Report.
MESZAROS, F. & TOROK, A. 2014. Theoretical investigation of emission and delay based intersection controlling and synchronising in Budapest. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, 42, 37-42.
MOHAMMED, H. H. & YOUSIF, M. A. 2021. Enhancement of Al-Rawad intersection by using synchro traffic simulation software: As case study. Materials Today: Proceedings.
MSALLAM, M. 2014. Evaluation and Improvement of Signalized Intersections in Amman City in Jordan. Evaluation, 4, 156-169.
MSALLAM, M., ABOJARADEH, M., JREW, B. & AL-ALLAFF, R. A. 2016. Evaluation Of Traffic Flow And Traffic Network Management System In Jordan. International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management, 4, 1-21.
NYANTAKYI, E., ADAMS, C., BORKLOE, J. & POBEE, D. 2013. Synchronization of signalised intersections: A case study of three major intersections on the 24th February Road, Kumasi, Ghana. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 3, 2566-2590.
OMER, B. R. & KHALID, S. W. 2018. An Improvement of Three Leg Signalized Intersections in Duhok City Kurdistan-Iraq. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 7, 87-92.
PARK, B., MESSER, C. J. & URBANIK, T. 1999. Traffic signal optimization program for oversaturated conditions: genetic algorithm approach. Transportation Research Record, 1683, 133-142.
PENGDI, D., MUHAN, N., ZHUO, W., ZUNDONG, Z. & HONGHUI, D. Traffic signal coordinated control optimization: A case study. 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2012. IEEE, 827-831.
PETRAGLIA, K. Field Validation of MOE's for Signalized Intersection Analysis. Transportation Frontiers for the Next Millennium: 69th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Transportation EngineersInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), 1999.
POTTS, I. B., RINGERT, J. F., BAUER, K. M., ZEGEER, J. D., HARWOOD, D. W. & GILMORE, D. K. 2007. Relationship of Lane Width to Saturation Flow Rate on Urban and Suburban Signalized Intersection Approaches. Transportation Research Record, 2027, 45-51.
RAGAB, M. & EL-NAGA, I. A. 2019. Measures to improve traffic operations at signalized intersections in urban areas. International journal for traffic and transport engineering (Belgrade), 9, 408-418.
RATROUT, N. & ASSI, K. 2021. Development and evaluation of a quick method for optimizing a space and signal timing plan for isolated signalized intersections. Transport, 36, 164-175.
ROBINSON, R. & THAGESEN, B. 2018. Road engineering for development, London, CRC Press.
ROESS, R. P., PRASSAS, E. S. & MCSHANE, W. R. 2004. Traffic Engineering, Pearson/Prentice Hall.
ROY, K., BARUA, S. & DAS, A. A Study on Feasible Traffic Operation Alternatives at Signalized Intersection in Dhaka City. International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development; Department of Civil Engineering, DUET: Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2015. 656-660.
SALIMIFARD, K. & ANSARI, M. 2013. Modeling and simulation of urban traffic signals. International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 3, 172.
SIDDIQUI, S. 2015. Signal Timing Evaluation and Optimization: A Case Study of a Intersection in Bozeman. Montana, United States.
SOFIA, G., AL-HADDAD, A. & AL-HAYDARI, I. S. Improvement of traffic performance at intersections in Karbala city. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018. EDP Sciences, 01032.
STEVANOVIC, A., STEVANOVIC, J. & KERGAYE, C. Optimizing signal timings to improve safety of signalized arterials. 3rd International Conference on Road Safety and Simulation, Indianapolis, USA, 2011.
TAHA, M. & ABDELFATAH, A. 2017. Impact of using indirect left-turns on signalized intersections’ performance. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 44, 462-471.
TAHA, M. A. & ABDELFATAH, A. S. 2015. Impact of U-Turns as Alternatives to Direct Left-Turns on the Operation of Signalized Intersections. Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering Vol, 3.
TALABANY, A. F. & DOSKI, M. S. M. 2021. Estimation of Time-Dependent Delay Models at Actuated Traffic Signals in Duhok City. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 33, 136-148.
TAN, M. K., CHUO, H. S., CHIN, R., YEO, K. B. & TEO, K. 2017. Optimization of traffic network signal timing using decentralized genetic algorithm. 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS), 62-67.
TARKO, A. P. & TRACZ, M. 2000. Uncertainty in saturation flow predictions. Transportation research circular, 1, 1-12.
TRB 2005. Transportation Research Board. Highway Capacity Manual. Washington D.C, USA.
UDOMSILP, K., ARAYAKARNKUL, T., WATARAKITPAISARN, S., KOMOLKITI, P., RUDJANAKANOKNAD, J. & ASWAKUL, C. 2017. Traffic data analysis on sathorn road with synchro optimization and traffic simulation. Engineering Journal, 21, 57-67.
WANG, X. 2008. Effects of U-turns on capacity at signalized intersections and simulation of U-turning movement by synchro. MSc, University of South Florida.
WU, Y., SONG, G. & YU, L. 2014. Sensitive analysis of emission rates in MOVES for developing site-specific emission database. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 32, 193-206.
XIA, X., MA, X. & WANG, J. 2019. Control method for signalized intersection with integrated waiting area. Applied Sciences, 9, 968.
YAO, R., ZHOU, H. & GE, Y.-E. 2018. Optimizing signal phase plan, green splits and lane length for isolated signalized intersections. Transport, 33, 520-535.
YU, X. & SULIJOADIKUSUMO, G. 2012. Assessment of Signalized Intersection Capacity in Response to Downstream Queue Spillback.
ZHANG, X., FAN, X., YU, S., SHAN, A., FAN, S., XIAO, Y. & DANG, F. 2022. Intersection Signal Timing Optimization: A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm. Sustainability, 14, 1506.
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Published
2022-06-20
How to Cite
HASAN, J. N., & HUSSEIN , N. A. (2022). TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS: A REVIEW STUDY. Journal of Duhok University, 25(1), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2022.25.1.15
Section
Pure and Engineering Sciences
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