ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS IN RURAL AREA. CASE STUDY OF BAREBUHAR VILLAGE, DUHOK GOVERNORATE, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ

NABAZ IBRAHEEM  MOHAMMED

doi:10.26682/ajuod.2019.22.2.10

NABAZ IBRAHEEM MOHAMMED Dept. of Recreation and Ecotourism, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2019.22.2.10

Keywords: Heavy metals, Contamination, Lead, Drinking water, Groundwater

Abstract

Heavy metals are considered dangerous due to their tendency to bioaccumulate in a biological organism (tissues) over time. Their toxicity can result in damaged or reduced central nervous function, energy levels, lungs, kidneys, liver and other vital organs. This study was conducted to determine some heavy metals levels (Mn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn) in 15 deferent water sources collected from Barebuhar village, Duhok governorate. The concentration of heavy metals was determined via atomic spectrophotometer. The obtained results show that Mn and Pb concentration in some water sample were higher than recommended levels set by deferent organization such as WHO, EPA, and EC for drinking water. Since the concentrations of these heavy metals were above the standard levels in some water sources, these high levels can cause the adverse effects on human health if the water from these sources taken for drinking purposes. Also high concentrations physico-chemical parameters like EC (up to 2399 µS/cm) and TDS (up to 1243 mg/l) were detected in some water sample above permissible levels for drinking purposes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul Jameel A., Sirajudeen J., and Abdul vahith R. (2012). Studies on heavy metal pollution of ground water sources between Tamilnadu and Pondicherry, India. Advances in Applied Science Research, Vol 3 (1): 424-429.

Assubaie, F. N. (2015). Assessment of the levels of some heavy metals in water in Alahsa Oasis farms, Saudi Arabia, with analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 8(2), 240-245.

Bayan A. Abdulhalim and Mustafa I. Umer 2018. Effects of Chemical and Physical Properties of Pond Bottom Sediments on Fish Rearing in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Kufa Journal for Agriculture Science. Kufa, Iraq Vol (10 )3 :99 – 78

Canada Health (2016). Manganese in drinking water. Document for public consultation. Prepared by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water.

Casale, R.J., LeChevallier, M.W. and Pontius, F.W. (2002). Manganese control andvrelated issues. American Water Works Research Foundation and American Water Works Association. Denver, Colorado.

Domenico PA, Schwartz FW (1998). Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, INC. p. 495.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2007). Framework for Metals Risk Assessment. Office of the Science Advisor, Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460.

European Commission (EC) (1998). Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal 1998; L330: 32-54.

Jennings G.D., Sneed R.E., Clair M.B. St (1996). Metals in drinking water. Published by: North Carolina Cooperative Extension service Publication no.: AG-473-1. Electronic version 3/1996.

Jinwal A., Dixit S., Malik S. (2009). Some Trace Elements Investigation in Ground Water of Bhopal and Sehore District in Madhya Pradesh: India. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., Vol 13(4): 47-50.

Kashin V. K. and Ivanov G. M. (2008). Copper in Natural Waters in Transbaikalia. Water Resources, Vol 35 (2): 228–233.

Keen C.L., Zidenberg-Cherr S. (1994). Manganese toxicity in humans and experimental animals. In: Klimis-Tavantzis DJ, editor. Manganese in Health and Disease. London: CRC Press; p. 193–205.

Kohl, P.M. and Medlar, S.J. (2006). Occurrence of manganese in drinking water and manganese control. American Water Research Foundation, American Water Works Association and IWA Publishing. Denver, Colorado.

Ljung, K. and Vahter, M. (2007). Time to re-evaluate the guideline value for manganese in drinking water? Environ. Health Perspect., 115(11): 1533–1538.
Mustafa I. Umer , Payman A. Abduljabar, and Newar A. M. Hamid (2018) .Assessment of ground water pollution by heavy metals and anions in Kwashe industrial area, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region. Iraq. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 454 (2018) 012004 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/454/1/012004.\

Mohammed, N., and K. Bamarni (2019). “Water Quality Monitoring of Duhok Dam (Kurdistan Region of Iraq)”. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 31, no. 1, Feb. 2019, pp. 7-16, doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.31.1.2.

Nerway H.M.S. (2011). Effect of foliar spraying of some organic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of grape CV. Rash-Mew (Vitis vinifera L.) under non-irrigated conditions. MSc thesis. College of agriculture, University of Duhok.

Ragab R. and Prudhomme C. (2002). Climate Change and Water Resources Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions: Prospective and Challenges for the 21st Century. Biosystems Engineering Vol 81 (1), 3-34

Sharma S., K. (2015). Heavy Metals in Water: Presence, Removal, and Safety. The royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge, UK.

Singh S., Mosley L.M. (2003). Trace metal levels in drinking water on Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. S. Pac. J. Nat. Sci., Vol 21:31-34.

Sly, L.I., Hodgkinson, M.C., Arunpairojana, V. (1990). Deposition of manganese in drinking water distribution systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56(3), 628–639.

Stokes, P.M., Campbell, P.G.C., Schroeder, W.H., Trick, C., France, R.L., Puckett, K.J., LaZerte, B., Speyer, M., Hanna, J.E. and Donaldson, J. (1988). Manganese in the Canadian environment. NRCC (ed.).

UNEP GEMS (2008). Water quality for ecosystem and human health. 2nd edition, Ontario, Canada.

USGS (1993). National water Summary-1990- 1991: Stream Water Quality U.S.Geol. Surv. Water Supply paper No. 2400, p. 590.

WHO (World Health Organization) (2008). “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality,” 3rd Edition, Geneva.

WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). “Manganese in drinking water,” Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Geneva.

Yousuf M. A., Rapantova N., Younis J. H. (2018). Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility. Water Vol 10: 1651